American Elements
   
Phosphorus
Phosphorus information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.

  Hydrogen                                 Helium
  Lithium Beryllium                     Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
  Sodium Magnesium                     Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
  Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Hydrogen Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
  Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
  Cesium Barium Cerium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
  Francium Radium Actinium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Ununquadium Ununpentium Ununhexium Ununseptium Ununoctium
                                     
      Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium    
      Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawerencium    


(click on an element)

Phosphorus Bohr ModelPhosphorus is a Block P, Group 15, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Phosphorus's shells is 2, 8, 5 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p3. In its elemental form Phosphorus's CAS number is 7723-14-0. The Phosphorus atom has a radius of 110.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 180.pm. Although white phosphorus is very toxic, red phosphorus is not considered toxic.

PhosphorousPhosphorus was discovered by Hennig Brandt  in 1669. Phosphorus glows in the dark and was therefore named after the Greek 'phosphoros' meaning bringer of the light.




Frenchphosphore German Phosphor Italian fosforo PortugueseFósforo Spanish fósforo Swedish Fosfor


Phosphorus Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of Phosphorus and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.
Isotope Atomic Mass % Abundance on Earth
P-31 30.9737615 100


The following table shows the abundance of Phosphorus present in the human body and in the universe scaled to parts per billion (ppb) by weight and by atom:
  Typical Human Body Universe
by Weight 11000000 ppb 7000 ppb
by Atom 2200000 ppb 300 ppb


Phosphorus Safety Data. The safety data for Phosphorus metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin. Phosphorus compounds have vital biological role in the composition of bones and teeth, as well as biological molecules such as DNA and RNA.

Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for Phosphorus (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:
1st Ionization Energy 1011.82 kJ mol-1
2nd Ionization Energy 1907.47 kJ mol-1
3rd Ionization Energy 2914.14 kJ mol-1


Conductivity. As to Phosphorus's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured in terms of electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 1E+17 µOcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 2.19. The thermal conductivity of Phosphorus is 0.235 W m-1 K-1.

Thermal Properties of Phosphorus. The melting point and boiling point for Phosphorus are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.
Heat of Fusion 2.51 kJ mol-1
Heat of Vaporization 51.9 kJ mol-1
Heat of Atomization 314 kJ mol-1


Recent Research & Development for Phosphorus
  • [Urolithiasis and calcium metabolism. The diagnosis and treatment of urolithiasis with primary hyperparathyroidism]. Tsujihata M. Clin Calcium. 2011 Oct;21(10):1449-54. Japanese. PMID: 21960229 [PubMed - in process]

  • Evaluation of human milk fortification from the time of the first feeding: effects on infants of less than 31 weeks gestational age. Tillman S, Brandon DH, Silva SG. J Perinatol. 2011 Sep 29. doi: 10.1038/jp.2011.140. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21960127 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder: a complex scenario. Mejía N, Roman-García P, Miar AB, Tavira B, Cannata-Andía JB. Nefrologia. 2011 Sep 20;31(5):514-519. doi: 10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2011.Jun.10926. English, Spanish. PMID: 21959717 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Association of Pretransplant Serum Phosphorus with Posttransplant Outcomes. Sampaio MS, Molnar MZ, Kovesdy CP, Mehrotra R, Mucsi I, Sim JJ, Krishnan M, Nissenson AR, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21959597 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Observations of nitrogen and phosphorus biogeochemistry in a surface flow constructed wetland. Erler DV, Tait D, Eyre BD, Bingham M. Sci Total Environ. 2011 Sep 27. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21959246 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Synthesis and Characterization of the Phosphorus Triazides OP(N(3))(3) and SP(N(3))(3). Zeng X, Bernhardt E, Beckers H, Willner H. Inorg Chem. 2011 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21958336 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Preparation of RSn(I)-Sn(I)R with Two Unsymmetrically Coordinated Sn(I) Atoms and Subsequent Gentle Activation of P4. Khan S, Michel R, Dieterich JM, Mata RA, Roesky HW, Demers JP, Lange A, Stalke D. J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21958040 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Monitoring Bisphosphonate Surface Functionalization and Acid Stability of Hierarchically Porous Titanium Zirconium Oxides. Ide A, Drisko GL, Scales N, Luca V, Schiesser CH, Caruso RA. Langmuir. 2011 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21957975 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Anomalous rise in algal production linked to lakewater calcium decline through food web interactions. Korosi JB, Burke SM, Thienpont JR, Smol JP. Proc Biol Sci. 2011 Sep 28. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21957138 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Extracoelenteric zooplankton feeding is a key mechanism of nutrient acquisition for the scleractinian coral Galaxea fascicularis. Wijgerde T, Diantari R, Lewaru MW, Verreth JA, Osinga R. J Exp Biol. 2011 Oct 15;214(Pt 20):3351-7. PMID: 21957098 [PubMed - in process]

  • Sunitinib-induced hyperparathyroidism: A possible mechanism to altered bone homeostasis. Baldazzi V, Tassi R, Lapini A, Lunghi A, Garofoli E, Caruso S, Carini M, Mazzanti R. Cancer. 2011 Sep 28. doi: 10.1002/cncr.26435. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21956360 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • The Role of Phosphorus in the Development and Progression of Vascular Calcification. Kendrick J, Chonchol M. Am J Kidney Dis. 2011 Sep 26. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21956015 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • A study of maintenance therapy after intravenous maxacalcitol for secondary hyperparathyroidism. Adachi M, Miyoshi T, Shiraishi N, Shimada H, Sakaguchi S, Tomita K, Kitamura K. Clin Nephrol. 2011 Oct;76(4):266-72. PMID: 21955861 [PubMed - in process]

  • The presence of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) protein in earthworms Eisenia fetida has no deleterious effects on their growth and reproduction. Shu Y, Ma H, Du Y, Li Z, Feng Y, Wang J. Chemosphere. 2011 Sep 26. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21955355 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Natural antioxidants and vascular calcification: a possible benefit. Roman-Garcia P, Barrio-Vazquez S, Fernandez-Martin JL, Ruiz-Torres MP, Cannata-Andia JB. J Nephrol. 2011 Sep 9:0. doi: 10.5301/jn.5000029. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21928237 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Structural Insights into Complete Metal Ion Coordination from Ternary Complexes of B Family RB69 DNA Polymerase. Xia S, Wang M, Blaha G, Konigsberg WH, Wang J. Biochemistry. 2011 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21923197 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Exchange-Induced Electron Transport in Heavily Phosphorus-Doped Si Nanowires. Park TE, Min BC, Kim I, Yang JE, Jo MH, Chang J, Choi HJ. Nano Lett. 2011 Sep 26. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21923115 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Charge Sensing of Precisely Positioned P Donors in Si. Mahapatra S, Büch H, Simmons MY. Nano Lett. 2011 Sep 28. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21919458 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Highly convergent synthesis of chiral bicyclophosphinates by domino hydrophosphinylation/michael/michael reaction. Fourgeaud P, Daydé B, Volle JN, Vors JP, Van der Lee A, Pirat JL, Virieux D. Org Lett. 2011 Oct 7;13(19):5076-9. Epub 2011 Sep 2. PMID: 21888337 [PubMed - in process]

  • Bioavailable phosphorus in animal waste amended soils: using actual crop uptake and p mass balance approach. Shafqat MN, Pierzynski GM. Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Oct 1;45(19):8217-24. Epub 2011 Sep 8. PMID: 21870850 [PubMed - in process]
  •  
    Formula Atomic Number Molecular Weight Electronegativity (Pauling) Density Melting Point Boiling Point Vanderwaals radius Ionic radius Energy of first ionization
    P 15 30.973762 g.mol -1 2.19 - g/L 44.2  °C 277 °C .180 nm - pm 1011.82 kJ.mol-1

    PRODUCT CATALOG U.S. Operations News Submicron & Nanopowder Tolling Ultra High Purity Sputtering Target Crystal Growth Rod, Plate, Powder, etc. Foil Home
      


    German   Korean   French   Japanese   Spanish   Chinese (Simplified)   Portuguese   Russian   Chinese (Taiwan)   Italian   Turkish   Polish   Dutch   Czech   Swedish   Hungarian   Danish   Hebrew

    Production Catalog Available in 36 Countries & Languages
      Print this Page Twitter
    Periodic table of the elements science and academic information, elements and advanced materials data, scientific presentations and all pages, designs, concepts, logos, and color schemes herein are the copyrighted proprietary rights and intellectual property of American Elements. American Elements is a U.S. Registered Trademark. © 2001-2012. American Elements. All rights reserved.
    Learn Six Sigma


    American Elements is a copyrighted U.S. Trademark. All rights reserved.