Thorium Acetate is a moderately water soluble crystalline Thorium source that decomposes to Thorium oxide on heating. It is generally immediately available in most volumes. Acetates are excellent precursors for production of ultra high purity compounds and certain catalyst and nanoscale(nanoparticles and nanopowders) materials. All metallic acetates are inorganic salts of a metal cation and the acetate anion. The acetate anion is a univalent (-1 charge) polyatomic ion composed of two carbon atoms ionically bound to three hydrogen and two oxygen atoms (Symbol: CH3COO) for a total formula weight of 59.05. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Thorium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 7 element. The number of electrons in each of Thorium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Rn] 6d2 7s2. In its elemental form thorium's CAS number is 7440-29-1. The thorium atom has a radius of 179.8.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Thorium is radioactive and can collect in bones which may cause bone cancer several years after exposure. Breathing in substantial amounts of thorium may be lethal. Thorium is a lanthanide (rare earth) material with potential nuclear power applications. Thorium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It is presently used as a tungsten coating in electronic parts due to its high emission factor. Thorium in the form of its fluoride and oxide is used in advanced optic applications for its high refractive index. It is also used in several other high temperature glass applications, such as in the mantle of lamps and to produce crystal growth crucibles and ampules. Thorium was first discovered by Jons Berzelius in 1828. The name Thorium originates from the Scandinavian god, Thor, the Norse god of war and thunder. See Thorium research below.
Acetate is an anion used as a ligand in metal complexes. The formula is CH3CO2-, C2H3O2-, or CH3COO-. Metal acetates are used in biology, printing, vinyl acetate in plastic production, volatile organic esters as solvents and cellulose acetate in photographic films and textiles. Cellulose acetate, one of the first synthetic fibers, is often called acetate.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
The Th[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bond: an experimental and computational study of thorium poly-carbene complexes.
Ren W, Deng X, Zi G, Fang DC.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21814698
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Synthesis and Characterization of Thorium(IV) Sulfates.
Knope KE, Wilson RE, Skanthakumar S, Soderholm L.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Aug 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21812466
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Thorium Oxo and Sulfido Metallocenes: Synthesis, Structure, Reactivity, and Computational Studies.
Ren W, Zi G, Fang DC, Walter MD.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Jul 27. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21793520
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The discoveries of uranium 237 and symmetric fission - From the archival papers of Nishina and Kimura.
Ikeda N.
Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci. 2011;87(7):371-6.
PMID:
21785255
[PubMed - in process]
Matrix infrared spectroscopic and density functional theoretical investigations on thorium and uranium atom reactions with dimethyl ether.
Gong Y, Andrews L.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Jul 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21769368
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Tris(tetra-butyl-ammonium) tris-(nitrato-?O,O')tetra-kis-(thio-cyanato-?N)thorium(IV).
Lozano-Rodriguez MJ, Thuéry P, Petit S, Copping R, Mustre de Leon J, Den Auwer C.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Apr 1;67(Pt 4):m487. Epub 2011 Mar 26.
PMID:
21753998
[PubMed]
Interaction of thorium(iv) with nitrate in aqueous solution: medium effect or weak complexation?
Di Bernardo P, Zanonato P, Rao L, Bismondo A, Endrizzi F.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Jul 8. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21738949
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Should we consider using liquid fluoride thorium reactors for power generation?
Cooper N, Minakata D, Begovic M, Crittenden J.
Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Aug 1;45(15):6237-8. Epub 2011 Jul 6. No abstract available.
PMID:
21732635
[PubMed - in process]
Electron correlation and relativistic effects in atomic structure calculations of the thorium atom.
Roy SK, Prasad R, Chandra P.
J Chem Phys. 2011 Jun 21;134(23):234302.
PMID:
21702551
[PubMed - in process]
[Dust concentration analysis in non-coal mining. Exposure evaluation based on measurements performed by occupational hygiene laboratories in the years 2001-2005 in Poland].
Bujak-Pietrek S, Mikolajczyk U, Szadkowska-Stanczyk I.
Med Pr. 2011;62(2):113-25. Polish.
PMID:
21698871
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
A cryogenic beam of refractory, chemically reactive molecules with expansion cooling.
Hutzler NR, Parsons MF, Gurevich YV, Hess PW, Petrik E, Spaun B, Vutha AC, Demille D, Gabrielse G, Doyle JM.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Jun 22. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21698321
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Proposal for a nuclear gamma-ray laser of optical range.
Tkalya EV.
Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Apr 22;106(16):162501. Epub 2011 Apr 21.
PMID:
21599361
[PubMed - in process]
Accumulation and soil-to-plant transfer of radionuclides in the Nile Delta coastal black sand habitats.
Hegazy AK, Emam MH.
Int J Phytoremediation. 2011 Feb;13(2):140-55.
PMID:
21598782
[PubMed - in process]
Smart thorium and uranium determination exploiting renewable solid-phase extraction applied to environmental samples in a wide concentration range.
Avivar J, Ferrer L, Casas M, Cerdà V.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2011 Jul;400(10):3585-94. Epub 2011 May 14.
PMID:
21573729
[PubMed - in process]
Gamma-spectrometric analysis of high salinity fluids - how to analyze radionuclides of the thorium decay chain far from radioactive equilibrium?
Degering D, Köhler M.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2011 Apr 22. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21570856
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Assessment of radionuclide and metal contamination in a thorium rich area in Norway.
Popic JM, Salbu B, Strand T, Skipperud L.
J Environ Monit. 2011 Jun;13(6):1730-8. Epub 2011 May 10.
PMID:
21556423
[PubMed - in process]
Retraction notice to "Immobilization of 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-thiolonto kanemite for thorium (IV) removal: thermodynamic and equilibrium study" [J. Colloid Interface Sci. 338 (2009) 30-39].
[No authors listed]
J Colloid Interface Sci. 2011 May 15;357(2):558. No abstract available.
PMID:
21553729
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
EPR evidence for the restricted mobility of NO2 in gamma irradiated thorium nitrate pentahydrate Th(NO3)4·5H2O.
Rajeswari B, Kadam RM, Dhawale BA, Babu Y, Natarajan V, Godbole SV.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2011 Aug;79(3):405-11. Epub 2011 Mar 24.
PMID:
21524936
[PubMed - in process]
Screening of plant species for phytoremediation of uranium, thorium, barium, nickel, strontium and lead contaminated soils from a uranium mill tailings repository in South China.
Li GY, Hu N, Ding DX, Zheng JF, Liu YL, Wang YD, Nie XQ.
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011 Jun;86(6):646-52. Epub 2011 Apr 27.
PMID:
21523506
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Background radiation and individual dosimetry in the costal area of Tamil Nadu, India.
Matsuda N, Brahmanandhan GM, Yoshida M, Takamura N, Suyama A, Koguchi Y, Juto N, Raj YL, Winsley G, Selvasekarapandian S.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2011;146(1-3):314-7. Epub 2011 Apr 18.
PMID:
21502300
[PubMed - in process]
Recent Research & Development for Acetates
Effect of different solvent extracts of Benincasa hispida T. on experimental hypochlorhydria in rat.
Mandal U, De D, Ali KM, Biswas A, Ghosh D.
J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2012 Jan;3(1):41-6.
PMID:
22470892
[PubMed - in process]
The effect of nitrogen enrichment on c(1)-cycling microorganisms and methane flux in salt marsh sediments.
Irvine IC, Vivanco L, Bentley PN, Martiny JB.
Front Microbiol. 2012;3:90. Epub 2012 Mar 19.
PMID:
22470369
[PubMed - in process]
PKCα phosphorylation of RhoGDI2 at Ser31 disrupts interactions with Rac1 and decreases GDI activity.
Griner EM, Churchill ME, Brautigan DL, Theodorescu D.
Oncogene. 2012 Apr 2. doi: 10.1038/onc.2012.124. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22469974
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Influence of precursor solvent properties on drug release rates from nanoparticle aerosol lipid matrices.
Pawar AA, Chen DR, Venkataraman C.
Int J Pharm. 2012 Mar 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22469694
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Sex hormone-binding globulin as a marker for the thrombotic risk of hormonal contraceptives.
Raps M, Helmerhorst F, Fleischer K, Thomassen S, Rosendaal F, Rosing J, Ballieux B, van Vliet H.
J Thromb Haemost. 2012 Mar 31. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04720.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22469296
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Protective role of chrysin against oxidative stress in d-galactose-induced aging in an experimental rat model.
Anand KV, Mohamed Jaabir MS, Thomas PA, Geraldine P.
Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2012 Apr 2. doi: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2012.00843.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22469068
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Modulation of Metallophilic Bonds: Solvent-Induced Isomerization and Luminescence Vapochromism of a Polymorphic Au-Cu Cluster.
Koshevoy IO, Chang YC, Karttunen AJ, Haukka M, Pakkanen TA, Chou PT.
J Am Chem Soc. 2012 Apr 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22469012
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Experiment on formulation and drug release behavior of porosity asymmetric membrane capsules in vitro.
Fu HX, Li H, Zhang FZ, Zhao YZ, Wan CW, Chen MT, Jia XC, Yan L, Sun CC, Xu YY.
Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2012 Apr 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22469006
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
An overview of the development of combined oral contraceptives containing estradiol: focus on estradiol valerate/dienogest.
Fruzzetti F, Trémollieres F, Bitzer J.
Gynecol Endocrinol. 2012 Apr 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22468839
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A novel approach to test the relative recovery of liquid-phase standard in sorbent-tube analysis of gaseous VOCs.
Kim YH, Kim KH.
Anal Chem. 2012 Apr 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22468653
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
[Purification of complicated industrial organic waste gas by complex absorption].
Chen DS, Cen CP, Tang ZX, Fang P, Chen ZH.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2011 Dec;32(12):3680-4. Chinese.
PMID:
22468539
[PubMed - in process]
Determination of natural pesticides in fresh fruits using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.
Ruiz I, Morales A, Barba A, Oliva J.
J AOAC Int. 2012 Jan-Feb;95(1):238-43.
PMID:
22468366
[PubMed - in process]
Bacteria, colonic fermentation, and gastrointestinal health.
Macfarlane GT, Macfarlane S.
J AOAC Int. 2012 Jan-Feb;95(1):50-60.
PMID:
22468341
[PubMed - in process]
Effect of Vitamin E on sP-Selectin Levels in Pre-Eclampsia.
Wangkheimayum S, Kumar S, Suri V.
Indian J Clin Biochem. 2011 Apr;26(2):169-71. Epub 2011 Jan 13.
PMID:
22468044
[PubMed - in process]
Serum cystatin C levels in renal transplant recipients.
Krishnamurthy N, Arumugasamy K, Anand U, Anand CV, Aruna V, Venu G.
Indian J Clin Biochem. 2011 Apr;26(2):120-4. Epub 2010 Nov 19.
PMID:
22468036
[PubMed - in process]
Intravaginal ring delivery of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for prevention of HIV and herpes simplex virus infection.
Mesquita PM, Rastogi R, Segarra TJ, Teller RS, Torres NM, Huber AM, Kiser PF, Herold BC.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012 Mar 30. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22467632
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Identification of pesticide transformation products in agricultural soils using liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
Padilla-Sánchez JA, Michael Thurman E, Plaza-Bolaños P, Ferrer I.
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2012 May 15;26(9):1091-9. doi: 10.1002/rcm.6206.
PMID:
22467459
[PubMed - in process]
Determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues in vegetables by an enzyme inhibition method using α-naphthyl acetate esterase extracted from wheat flour.
Wang JL, Xia Q, Zhang AP, Hu XY, Lin CM.
J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2012 Apr;13(4):267-73.
PMID:
22467368
[PubMed - in process]
MICE LACKING MACROPHAGE 12/15-LIPOXYGENASE ARE RESISTANT TO EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION.
Kriska T, Cepura C, Magier D, Siangjong L, Gauthier KM, Campbell WB.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2012 Mar 30. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22467300
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Development and validation of a UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for the determination of N-butylscopolamine in human plasma: Application to a bioequivalence study.
Favreto WA, Pugens Pinto AM, Manfio JL, Fiametti KG, Percio MF, Santos MB.
Drug Test Anal. 2012 Mar;4(3-4):215-21. doi: 10.1002/dta.403.
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Thorium Acetate is a moderately water soluble crystalline Thorium source that decomposes to Thorium oxide on heating. It is generally immediately available in most volumes. Acetates are excellent precursors for production of ultra high purity compounds and certain catalyst and nanoscale(nanoparticles and nanopowders) materials. All metallic acetates are inorganic salts of a metal cation and the acetate anion. The acetate anion is a univalent (-1 charge) polyatomic ion composed of two carbon atoms ionically bound to three hydrogen and two oxygen atoms (Symbol: CH3COO) for a total formula weight of 59.05. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Thorium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 7 element. The number of electrons in each of Thorium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Rn] 6d2 7s2. In its elemental form thorium's CAS number is 7440-29-1. The thorium atom has a radius of 179.8.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Thorium is radioactive and can collect in bones which may cause bone cancer several years after exposure. Breathing in substantial amounts of thorium may be lethal. Thorium is a lanthanide (rare earth) material with potential nuclear power applications. Thorium 
is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It is 
presently used as a tungsten coating in electronic parts due to its high emission factor. Thorium in the form of its fluoride and oxide is used in advanced optic applications for its high refractive index. It is also used in several other high temperature glass applications, such as in the mantle of lamps and to produce crystal growth crucibles and ampules. Thorium was first discovered by Jons Berzelius in 1828. The name Thorium originates from the Scandinavian god, Thor, the Norse god of war and thunder. See Thorium research below.
