 American Elements specializes in producing high purity Ytterbium Oxide Sputtering Targets with the highest possible density  and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes nanoparticles. We also produce Ytterbium Oxide as pellets, pieces, powder, and tablets. Oxide compounds are not conductive to electricity. However, certain perovskite structured oxides are electronically conductive finding application in the cathode of solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen generation systems.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. See safety data and research below and pricing/lead time above. Other shapes are available by request.
 Ytterbium has 2 valency state, +2 +3. The number of electrons in each of Ytterbium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe]4f14 6s2. In its metallic form Ytterbium's CAS number is 7440-64-4 and its standard state at 20 ºC is a solid. The Ytterbium atom has a radius of 194 pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Ytterbium is considered to be fairly toxic. On the periodic table, Ytterbium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6  element. Ytterbium is being applied to numerous fiber amplifier and fiber optic technologies and in various lasing applications. Ytterbium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It has a single dominant absorption band at 985 in the infra-red making it useful in silicon photocells to directly convert radiant energy to electricity. Ytterbium metal increases its electrical resistance when subjected to very high stresses. This property is used in stress gauges for monitoring ground deformations from earthquakes and nuclear explosions.The name Ytterbium originates after the name for the Swedish village of Ytterby. See Ytterbium research below. |
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES |
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
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Recent Research & Development for Ytterbium
- Bis(?(2)-2-phen-oxy-propionato-?O:O')bis-[(1,10-phenanthroline-?N,N')bis-(2-phen-oxy-propionato-?O,O')ytterbium(III)].
Shen JB, Liu JL, Zhao GL.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Oct 1;67(Pt 10):m1361. Epub 2011 Sep 14.
PMID:
22058692
[PubMed]
- "Covalency in the 4f Shell of tris-cyclopentadienyl Ytterbium (YbCp3) - a Spectroscopic Evaluation."
Denning RG, Harmer JR, Green JC, Irwin M.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Nov 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22053917
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Fingermark detection on non-porous and semi-porous surfaces using YVO(4):Er,Yb luminescent upconverting particles.
Ma R, Shimmon R, McDonagh A, Maynard P, Lennard C, Roux C.
Forensic Sci Int. 2011 Oct 31. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22047749
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of a Supramolecular Ytterbium(III)-Aqua Complex Featuring Infinite Stacks of C?C Bonds for Photocycloaddition Reactions.
Komori-Orisaku K, Yamashita S, Isozaki T, Sugiura K, Koide Y.
Chemistry. 2011 Oct 21. doi: 10.1002/chem.201102292. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
22021148
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Label-free in vivo fiber-based optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy.
Hajireza P, Shi W, Zemp RJ.
Opt Lett. 2011 Oct 15;36(20):4107-9. doi: 10.1364/OL.36.004107.
PMID:
22002401
[PubMed - in process]
- Energy transfer and enhanced 1.54 ?m emission in Erbium-Ytterbium disilicate thin films.
Miritello M, Cardile P, Lo Savio R, Priolo F.
Opt Express. 2011 Oct 10;19(21):20761-72. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.020761.
PMID:
21997086
[PubMed - in process]
- Photo darkening of rare earth doped silica.
Mattsson KE.
Opt Express. 2011 Oct 10;19(21):19797-812. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.019797.
PMID:
21996988
[PubMed - in process]
- Beam quality and noise properties of coherently combined ytterbium doped single frequency fiber amplifiers.
Tünnermann H, Pöld JH, Neumann J, Kracht D, Willke B, Wessels P.
Opt Express. 2011 Sep 26;19(20):19600-6. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.019600.
PMID:
21996901
[PubMed - in process]
- p-Wave Cold Collisions in an Optical Lattice Clock.
Lemke ND, von Stecher J, Sherman JA, Rey AM, Oates CW, Ludlow AD.
Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Sep 2;107(10):103902. Epub 2011 Aug 30.
PMID:
21981504
[PubMed - in process]
- Mode-locked 0.5 ?J fiber laser at 976 nm.
Lhermite J, Lecaplain C, Machinet G, Royon R, Hideur A, Cormier E.
Opt Lett. 2011 Oct 1;36(19):3819-21. doi: 10.1364/OL.36.003819.
PMID:
21964108
[PubMed - in process]
- Acid-responsive microcapsules: the loading-unloading processes.
Samanta D, Sankar RM, Jaisankar SN, Alam MS, Mandal AB.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Oct 25;47(43):11975-7. Epub 2011 Sep 30.
PMID:
21963934
[PubMed - in process]
- Electrochemical spectroscopic investigations on the interaction of an ytterbium complex with DNA and their analytical applications such as biosensor.
Ilkhani H, Ganjali MR, Arvand M, Hejazi MS, Azimi F, Norouzi P.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2011 Dec 1;49(5):1117-23. Epub 2011 Sep 16.
PMID:
21939686
[PubMed - in process]
- A family of 13 tetranuclear zinc(ii)-lanthanide(iii) complexes of a [3 + 3] Schiff-base macrocycle derived from 1,4-diformyl-2,3-dihydroxybenzene.
Feltham HL, Klöwer F, Cameron SA, Larsen DS, Lan Y, Tropiano M, Faulkner S, Powell AK, Brooker S.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Oct 25;40(43):11425-32. Epub 2011 Sep 21.
PMID:
21935549
[PubMed - in process]
- Generation of 578-nm yellow light over 10 mW by second harmonic generation of an 1156-nm external-cavity diode laser.
Lee WK, Park CY, Yu DH, Park SE, Lee SB, Kwon TY.
Opt Express. 2011 Aug 29;19(18):17453-61. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.017453.
PMID:
21935111
[PubMed - in process]
- In vivo near-realtime volumetric optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy using a high-repetition-rate nanosecond fiber-laser.
Shi W, Hajireza P, Shao P, Forbrich A, Zemp RJ.
Opt Express. 2011 Aug 29;19(18):17143-50. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.017143.
PMID:
21935076
[PubMed - in process]
- Self-referenceable frequency comb from a gigahertz diode-pumped solid-state laser.
Pekarek S, Südmeyer T, Lecomte S, Kundermann S, Dudley JM, Keller U.
Opt Express. 2011 Aug 15;19(17):16491-7. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.016491.
PMID:
21935013
[PubMed - in process]
- Thermal effects in kilowatt all-fiber MOPA.
Fan Y, He B, Zhou J, Zheng J, Liu H, Wei Y, Dong J, Lou Q.
Opt Express. 2011 Aug 1;19(16):15162-72. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.015162.
PMID:
21934878
[PubMed - in process]
- Background-free broadband CARS spectroscopy from a 1-MHz ytterbium laser.
Kumar V, Osellame R, Ramponi R, Cerullo G, Marangoni M.
Opt Express. 2011 Aug 1;19(16):15143-8. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.015143.
PMID:
21934875
[PubMed - in process]
- Fabrication and characterization of new Yb-doped zirconia-germano-alumino silicate phase-separated nano-particles based fibers.
Kir'yanov AV, Paul MC, Barmenkov YO, Das S, Pal M, Bhadra SK, Zarate LE, Guzman-Chavez AD.
Opt Express. 2011 Aug 1;19(16):14823-37. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.014823.
PMID:
21934843
[PubMed - in process]
- White emission of lithium ytterbium tetraphosphate nanocrystals.
Strek W, Marciniak L, Bednarkiewicz A, Lukowiak A, Wiglusz R, Hreniak D.
Opt Express. 2011 Jul 18;19(15):14083-92. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.014083.
PMID:
21934770
[PubMed - in process]
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Material Safety Data Sheet |
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1 Identification of substance
- Product details
- Trade name Ytterbium oxide
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2 Composition/Data on components:
- Chemical characterization:
Designation: (CAS#)
Ytterbium oxide (CAS# 1314-37-0), 100%
- Identification number(s):
- EINECS Number: 215-234-0
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3 Hazards identification
- Hazard designation: · void
- Information pertaining to particular dangers for man and environment
Not applicable
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4 First aid measures
- After inhalation
Supply fresh air. If required, provide artificial respiration. Keep patient warm. Consult doctor if symptoms persist.
Seek immediate medical advice.
- After skin contact
Instantly wash with water and soap and rinse thoroughly.
Seek immediate medical advice.
- After eye contact
Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water. Then consult doctor.
- After swallowing Seek medical treatment.
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5 Fire fighting measures
- Suitable extinguishing agents
Use fire fighting measures that suit the environment.
- Protective equipment:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus.
Wear full protective suit.
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6 Accidental release measures
- Person-related safety precautions:
Wear protective equipment. Keep unprotected persons away.
Ensure adequate ventilation
- Measures for environmental protection:
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
- Measures for cleaning/collecting: Collect mechanically.
- Additional information:
See Section 7 for information on safe handling
See section 8 for information on personal protection equipment.
See Section 13 for information on disposal.
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7 Handling and storage
- Handling
- Information for safe handling:
Keep containers tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry place in tightly closed containers.
No special precautions necessary if used correctly.
- Information about protection against explosions and fires:
The product is not flammable
- Storage
- Requirements to be met by storerooms and containers:
No special requirements.
- Information about storage in one common storage facility:
Store away from oxidizing agents.
- Further information about storage conditions:
This product is hygroscopic.
Keep container tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry conditions in well sealed containers.
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8 Exposure controls and personal protection
- Additional information about design of technical systems:
Properly operating chemical fume hood designed for hazardous chemicals and having an average face velocity of at least 100 feet per minute.
- Components with critical values that require monitoring at the
workplace:
Not required.
- Additional information: No data
- Personal protective equipment
- General protective and hygienic measures
The usual precautionary measures should be adhered to in handling the chemicals.
Keep away from foodstuffs, beverages and food.
Instantly remove any soiled and impregnated garments.
Wash hands during breaks and at the end of the work.
- Breathing equipment: Use breathing protection with high concentrations.
- Protection of hands: Impervious gloves
- Eye protection: Safety glasses
- Body protection: Protective work clothing.
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9 Physical and chemical properties:
- General Information
- Form: Lump
- Colour: White
- Smell: Odourless
- Value/Range Unit Method
- Change in condition
- Melting point/Melting range: 2227 ° C
- Boiling point/Boiling range: Not determined
- Sublimation temperature / start: Not determined
- Flash point: Not applicable
- Inflammability (solid, gaseous) Product is not inflammable.
- Ignition temperature: Not determined
- Decomposition temperature: Not determined
- Danger of explosion: Product is not explosive.
- Critical values for explosion:
- Lower: Not determined
- Upper: Not determined
- Steam pressure: Not determined
- Density at 20 ° C 9.17 g/cm³
- Solubility in / Miscibility with
- Water: Insoluble
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10 Stability and reactivity
- Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided:
No decomposition if used and stored according to specifications.
- Materials to be avoided:
Oxidizing agents
Carbon dioxide
- Dangerous reactions: No dangerous reactions known
- Dangerous products of decomposition: None known.
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11 Toxicological information
- Acute toxicity:
- Primary irritant effect:
- on the skin: Powder: irritant effect
- on the eye: Powder: irritant effect
- Sensitization: No sensitizing effect known.
- Additional toxicological information:
To the best of our knowledge the acute and chronic toxicity of this substance is not fully known.
No classification data on carcinogenic properties of this material is available from the EPA, IARC, NTP, OSHA or ACGIH.
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12 Ecological information:
- General notes:
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
Generally not hazardous for water.
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13 Disposal considerations
- Product:
- Recommendation
Consult state, local or national regulations for proper disposal.
Hand over to disposers of hazardous waste.
Must be specially treated under adherence to official regulations.
- Uncleaned packagings:
- Recommendation:
Disposal must be made according to official regulations.
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14 Transport information
- Land transport ADR/RID and GGVS/GGVE (cross-border/domestic)
- ADR/RID-GGVS/E Class: None
- Maritime transport IMDG/GGVSea:
- IMDG/GGVSea Class: None
- Air transport ICAO-TI and IATA-DGR:
- ICAO/IATA Class: None
- Transport/Additional information:
Not dangerous according to the above specifications.
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15 Regulatory information
- Designation according to EC guidelines:
Observe the normal safety regulations when handling chemicals
The product is not subject to identification regulations under EC Directives and the Ordinance on Hazardous Materials (GefStoffV).
- National regulations
- Information about limitation of use:
For use only by technically qualified individuals.
- Water hazard class: Generally not hazardous for water.
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16 Other information:
Employers should use this information only as a supplement to other information gathered by them, and should make independent judgement of suitability of this information to ensure proper use and protect the health and safety of employees. This information is furnished without warranty, and any use of the product not in conformance with this Material Safety Data Sheet, or in combination with any other product or process, is the responsibility of the user.
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| American Elements is a copyrighted U.S. Trademark. All rights reserved. |
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