Carbon information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
Carbon in its elemental form is one of the softest (graphite) and hardest (diamond) materials found in nature. Applications for graphitic carbon include in lubricant formulations and as the replacement for lead in pencils. Diamond has numerous industrial applications due to its extreme hardness and resistance to heat and pressure. Graphene is a nanoscale ultra thin film or foil with thicknesses as small as 1 nanometer which can be produced from either silicon carbide or graphite flake processing. These include in drill bits and grinding media and grinding equipment. Carbon also finds application in steel alloys, in various filtering and purification technologies and as a neutron moderator in nuclear power plants. Carbon is available as a nanoparticle and in single-walled, double-walled and multi-walled nanotubes with purities from 99% to 99.999% ( ultra-high purity ). Carbon facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are
Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Carbon is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries. Carbon is a Block P, Group 12, Period 2 element. The electronic configuration is [He] 2s2 2p2. In its elemental form carbon's CAS number is 7440-44-0. The carbon atom has a radius of 70.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 170.pm.All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology advantages. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic Carbon compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis. Carbon was first discovered by Hans Christian Oersted in 1825.
Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of carbon and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope. |
Carbone 
Kohlenstoff 
carbonio 
Carbono 
carbono 
Kol Isotope |
Atomic Mass |
% Abundance on Earth |
C-12 |
12 |
98.90 |
C-13 |
13.003354838 |
1.10 |
C-14 |
14.003241988 |
* |
Safety Data. The safety data for carbon metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin.
Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for carbon (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table: |
1st Ionization Energy |
1086.46 kJ mol-1 |
2nd Ionization Energy |
2352.65 kJ mol-1 |
3rd Ionization Energy |
4620.50 kJ mol-1 |
Conductivity. As to carbon's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured as to electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 1375 μΩcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 2.55. The thermal conductivity of carbon is 5.7 W m-1 K-1.
Thermal Properties. The melting point and boiling point for carbon are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization. |
Heat of Fusion |
105 kJ mol-1 |
Heat of Vaporization |
710.9 kJ mol-1 |
Heat of Atomization |
711.2 kJ mol-1 |
| Formula | Atomic Number | Molecular Weight | Electronegativity (Pauling) | Density | Melting Point | Boiling Point |
Vanderwaals radius |
Ionic radius | Energy of first ionization |
| C | 6 | 12.0107(8) g.mol -1 | 2.55 | 2.267 g.cm-3 at 20 °C | 4027-4427 °C | 3727 °C | 170.pm | 0.05 nm | 1086.46 kJ.mol-1 |
| PRODUCT CATALOG | U.S. Operations | Submicron & Nanopowder | Tolling | Ultra High Purity | Sputtering Target | Crystal Growth | Rod, Plate, Powder, etc. | Foil |
