Cobalt Iron Nickel Metal is
available as disc, granules, Ingot, pellets, powder, rod, wire, foil, and sputtering target. See research below. Ultra high purity and high purity forms also include metal powder, submicron powder and nanoscale, quantum dots, targets for thin film deposition, pellets for evaporation and single crystal or polycrystalline forms. Elements can also be introduced into alloys or other systems as compounds such as fluorides, oxides or chlorides or as solutions. Cobalt Iron Nickel Metal is generally immediately available in most volumes.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Cobalt is a Block D, Group 9, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Cobalt's shells is 2, 8, 15, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d7 4s2. In its elemental form cobalt's CAS number is 7440-48-4. The cobalt atom has a radius of 125.3.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Cobalt and its compounds are somewhat toxic by skin contact and moderately toxic by inhalation. Cobalt has a metallic permeability two thirds that of iron. It exists as a mixture of two allotropes over a wide temperature range. The transformation is slow and accounts in part for the wide variation in the physical properties of cobalt. It is alloyed with iron, nickel and other metals to make Alnico, an alloy of unusual magnetic strength with many important uses. Samarium-cobalt is one of the highest strength magnet alloys known. Cobalt compounds produce a brilliant and permanent blue color in ceramic glazes, glass, pottery, tiles, and enamels. Co-60 is useful as a gamma ray source. Toxicity of cobalt and its compounds are mild by skin contact and moderate by ingestion. Cobalt is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Cobalt was first discovered by George Brandt in 1737. The origin of the word Cobalt comes from the German word 'Kobalt or Kobold' which translates as "goblin", "elf" or "evil spirit". See Cobalt research below.
Iron is a Block D, Group 8, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Iron's shells is 2, 8, 14, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d6 4s2. In its elemental form iron's CAS number is 7439-89-6. The iron atom has a radius of 124.1.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Iron is not toxic. Iron is the most commonly used metal for commercial applications due to its hardness, historical availability and low cost. Once used on its own, it is now alloyed with nickel and other elements to produce steel and other high strength, non-corrosive structural metals. Iron as a metal and as its many compounds has numerous uses. It is a primary colorant in glass and ceramics. It is a catalyst. It is the basis for low grade magnets and because of its magnetic properties is used extensively in memory tape. Recent applications for Iron nanoparticles include in water treatment of carbon tetrachloride in contaminated groundwater, magnetic data storage and resonance imaging (MRI) and in certain alloy and catalyst applications. Iron can also be introduced into processes using iron foil, pellets, rod and wire by thin film Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) processes including Thermal and Electron Beam (E-Beam) Evaporation, Low Temperature Organic Evaporation, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD), Organometallic and Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) for specific applications such as fuel cells and solar energy. Iron is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Iron was first discovered by Early Man.See Iron research below.
Nickel is a Block D, Group 4, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Nickel's shells is 2, 8, 16, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar]3d8 4s2. In its elemental form nickel's CAS number is 7440-02-0. Nickel is sometimes found free in nature but is more commonly found in ores. The nickel atom has a radius of 149.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 163.pm. Nickel and its compounds are considered to be carcinogenic. Nickel carbonyl is a very toxic gas. It is extensively alloyed with iron, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and other metals produce stainless and other anti-corrosive steel and other corrosion-resistant alloys. It is highly electronically conductive and has many applications as a result. It is the basis of the nickel hydride battery. Most recently, its conductive properties have made it an ideal component for ceramic anode formulations used in oxygen generation and solid oxide fuel cell applications. Catalytic nickel is used to hydrogenate vegetable oils. Nickel additions to glass and ceramic glazes impart a bright green. It is also used in pigments for this purpose. Nickel information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included. Nickel was first discovered by Alex Constedt in 1751.
Tetra-kis(3-cyano-pyridine-?N)bis-(thio-cyanato-?N)cobalt(II) 1,4-dioxane disolvate.
Diehr S, Wöhlert S, Boeckmann J, Näther C.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1898. Epub 2011 Nov 30.
PMID:
22199656
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Bis(2,4-dioxo-5,5-diphenyl-imidazol-idin-ido-?N)bis-(propane-1,3-diamine-?N,N')cobalt(II).
Hu X, Jiang Q, Wang D, Liu H.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1885. Epub 2011 Nov 30.
PMID:
22199646
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Poly[aqua-{?(3)-5-[(pyridin-2-ylmeth-yl)amino]-isophthalato-?N,N':O,O:O}cobalt(II)].
Zhu XH, Cheng XC.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1862. Epub 2011 Nov 30.
PMID:
22199630
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
catena-Poly[[[cis-aqua-dibromido-cobalt(II)]-?-(pyrazine-2-carb-oxy-lic acid)-?N,O:N] monohydrate].
Dares C, Fournier R, Lever AB.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1798-m1799. Epub 2011 Nov 23.
PMID:
22199583
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Poly[di-?(2)-aqua-?(5)-(pyridine-2,6-dicarboxyl-ato)-?(3)-(pyridine-2,6-dicarboxyl-ato)-cobalt(II)disodium].
Boyko AN, Golenya IA, Izotova YA, Haukka M, Prisyazhnaya EV.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1782-m1783. Epub 2011 Nov 19.
PMID:
22199572
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Diaqua-bis-(pyridine-2-sulfonato-?N,O)cobalt(II).
Li ZS, Ng SW.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1781. Epub 2011 Nov 19.
PMID:
22199571
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Bis[tris-(ethyl-enediamine-?N,N')cobalt(III)] octa-kis-?-(3)-oxido-hexa-deca-?(2)-oxido-tetra-deca-oxido-?(12)-tetra-oxo-silicato-octa-molybdenum(VI)hexa-vanadium(IV,V) hexa-hydrate.
Lu YK, Tian MM, Xu SG, Lü RQ, Liu YQ.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1776-m1777. Epub 2011 Nov 19.
PMID:
22199568
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Tetra-aqua-bis-(2-{[5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]sulfan-yl}acetato)-cobalt(II) monohydrate.
Yang GR, Li GT.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1746-m1747. Epub 2011 Nov 12.
PMID:
22199545
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Tetra-aqua-bis-[3-(pyridin-4-yl)benzoato-?N]cobalt(II).
Wang HR, Li GT.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1743. Epub 2011 Nov 12.
PMID:
22199542
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Poly[[tetra-aqua-(?(4)-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxyl-ato)(?(3)-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxyl-ato)-?(3)-sulfato-?(2)-sulfato-cobalt(II)digadolinium(III)] monohydrate].
Zhu LC.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1741-m1742. Epub 2011 Nov 12.
PMID:
22199541
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Hexaaqua-cobalt(II) bis-(5-acetyl-2-hy-droxy-benzoate) dihydrate.
Han LJ, Yang SP, Fu LL, Gao HL.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1733. Epub 2011 Nov 9.
PMID:
22199535
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Dichlorido[(4E,11E)-5,7,12,14-tetra-benzyl-7,14-dimethyl-1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-deca-4,11-diene]cobalt(III) perchlorate.
Roy TG, Hazari SK, Barua KK, Ng SW, Tiekink ER.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1722-m1723. Epub 2011 Nov 9.
PMID:
22199529
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
{1,2-Bis[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl-?N)meth-yl]benzene}-dichloridozinc(II).
Guzei IA, Spencer LC, Budhai A, Darkwa J.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1715-m1716. Epub 2011 Nov 9.
PMID:
22199525
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
catena-Poly[[bis-(2,4-dichloro-benzoato)bis-(methanol-?O)cobalt(II)]-?-4,4'-bipyridine-?N:N'].
Hyun MY, Kim PG, Kim C, Kim Y.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1705. Epub 2011 Nov 9.
PMID:
22199519
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Bis(pentane-2,4-dionato-?O,O')(1,10-phenanthroline-?N,N')cobalt(II).
Perdih F.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1697. Epub 2011 Nov 5.
PMID:
22199513
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Diaqua-bis-(dihydrogen 3-aza-niumyl-1-hy-droxy-propyl-idene-1,1-di-phos-phon-ato-?O,O')cobalt(II).
Tsaryk NV, Dudko AV, Kozachkova AN, Pekhnyo VI.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1694. Epub 2011 Nov 5.
PMID:
22199511
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Tetra-aqua-bis-{3-carb-oxy-5-[(4-carb-oxy-phen-yl)diazen-yl]benzoato-?O}cobalt(II) dihydrate.
Bai L, Zhao J.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1689. Epub 2011 Nov 5.
PMID:
22199506
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Tetra-aqua-bis-(2-methyl-1H-imidazole-?N)cobalt(II) naphthalene-1,5-disulfonate.
Jin Y.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1686. Epub 2011 Nov 5.
PMID:
22199503
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Diaqua-bis-(dimethyl sulfoxide-?O)bis(saccharinato-?N)cobalt(II).
Potwana FS, Van Zyl WE.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1667-m1668. Epub 2011 Nov 5.
PMID:
22199492
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Pulmonary toxicity after exposure to military-relevant heavy metal tungsten alloy particles.
Roedel EQ, Cafasso DE, Lee KW, Pierce LM.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2011 Dec 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22198552
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The role of zinc
protoporphyrin measurement in the differentiation between primary myelofibrosis
and essential thrombocythaemia. Metzgeroth G, Kanders EM, Erben P, Hofmann WK, Hastka J. Ann Hematol. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print]
PubMed PMID: 20922526.
Isolation and
Identification of a Novel Antioxidant with Antitumour Activity from Serratia
ureilytica Using Squid Pen as Fermentation Substrate. Kuo YH, Liang TW, Liu KC, Hsu YW, Hsu HC, Wang SL. Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2010
Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20922553.
Low prevalence of iron-deficiency anaemia among
Inuit preschool children: Nunavut Inuit Child Health Survey, 2007-2008. Pacey A, Weiler H, Egeland GM. Public
Health Nutr. 2010 Oct 5:1-9. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20920385.
The impact of
training for day-care educators on childhood anaemia in nurseries: an
institutional randomised clinical trial. Konstantyner T, Taddei JA, Oliveira MD, Palma D, Colugnati FA. Public Health Nutr. 2010 Oct 5:1-8.
[Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20920384.
XAS study on copper red in ancient glass beads from Thailand. Klysubun W, Thongkam Y, Pongkrapan S, Won-In K, T-Thienprasert J, Dararutana
P. Anal Bioanal
Chem. 2010 Oct 4. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20890783.
Engineered Biocompatible Nanoparticles for in Vivo Imaging Applications. Chen S, Wang L, Duce SL, Brown S, Lee S, Melzer A, Cuschieri SA, Andre´ P. J Am
Chem Soc. 2010 Oct 4. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20919679.
Bacterial Na+-translocating ferredoxin:NAD+
oxidoreductase. Biegel E, Müller V. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Oct 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PubMed PMID: 20921383.
Insights into
the Mechanism of Magnetic Particle Assisted Gene Delivery. Ang D, Nguyen QV, Kayal S, Preiser PR, Rawat RS, Ramanujan RV. Acta Biomater. 2010
Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20920614.
A new coordination
complex based on a polynitrile ligand:
bis(4-amino-3,5-di-2-pyridyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole)diaquairon(II)
bis(1,1,3,3-tetracyano-2-methylsulfanylpropenide). Setifi Z, Gaamoune B, Stoeckli-Evans H, Rouag DA, Setifi F. Acta Crystallogr C. 2010
Oct;66(Pt 10):m286-9. Epub 2010 Sep 17. PubMed PMID: 20921605.
Evaluation
of exercise-induced changes in concentrations of C-reactive protein and serum
biochemical values in sled dogs completing a long-distance endurance race. Wakshlag JJ, Stokol T, Geske SM, Greger CE, Angle CT, Gillette RL. Am J
Vet Res. 2010 Oct;71(10):1207-13. PubMed PMID: 20919909.
PHK from
phenol hydroxylase of Pseudomonas sp. OX1. Insight into the role of an accessory
protein in Bacterial Multicomponent Monooxygenases. Izzo V, Leo G, Scognamiglio R, Troncone L, Birolo L, Di Donato A. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2010
Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20920460.
Higher
expression of ferritin protects Chlamydia trachomatis infected HeLa 229 cells
from reactive oxygen species mediated cell death. Vardhan H, Bhengraj AR, Jha R, Srivastava P, Jha HC, Mittal A. Biochem Cell Biol. 2010
Oct;88(5):835-42. PubMed PMID: 20921994.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein 29 (ERp29): The
emerging role in cancer. Zhang D, Richardson DR. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2010 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of
print] PubMed PMID: 20920593.
The Safety,
Tolerability, and Efficacy of a Liquid Formulation of Deferiprone in Young
Children With Transfusional Iron Overload. El Alfy M, Sari TT, Lee CL, Tricta F, El-Beshlawy A. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2010 Oct 1.
[Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20921906.
Plummer-Vinson syndrome. Hefaiedh R, Kharrat J, Kilani A, Romani M, Kochlef A, Elloumi H, Gargouri D,
Ouakaa-Kchaou A, Boutreaa Y, Ghorbel A. Tunis Med. 2010
Oct;88(10):721-4. PubMed PMID: 20890819.
Low zinc in drinking water is
associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes in children. Ulf S, Sami O, Heikki H, Ludvigsson J. Pediatr Diabetes. 2010
Sep 7. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2010.00678.x. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID:
20920146.
Prevalence of Anemia in
Children Three to 12 Months Old in a Health Service in Ribeirão Preto, SP,
Brazil. Reis MC, Nakano AM, Silva IA, Gomes FA, Pereira MJ. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2010 Jul-Aug;18(4):792-9. PubMed PMID: 20922328.
Eukaryotic microbial diversity of phototrophic microbial mats in two Icelandic
geothermalhot springs. Aguilera A, Souza-Egipsy V, González-Toril E, Rendueles O, Amils R. Int Microbiol. 2010 Mar;13(1):21-32. PubMed PMID:
20890838.
Eukaryotic
microbial diversity of phototrophic microbial mats in two Icelandic geothermal hot
springs. Teixidó L, Cortés P, Bigas A, Alvarez G, Barbé J, Campoy S. Int Microbiol. 2010 Mar;13(1):21-32. PubMed PMID: 20890837.
[Endemic and biogeochemical features of the territory of Chuvash Republic].
Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk. 2010;(8):40-6. Russian. PubMed PMID: 20922843.
Regioselective Cycloaddition of 3-Azetidinones and 3-Oxetanones with Alkynes through Nickel-Catalysed Carbon-Carbon Bond Activation.
Y T Ho K, Aïssa C.
Chemistry. 2012 Feb 22. doi: 10.1002/chem.201200167. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22359347
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The hydrogen evolution reaction in a room temperature ionic liquid: mechanism and electrocatalyst trends.
Meng Y, Aldous L, Belding SR, Compton RG.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2012 Feb 22. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22358388
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A cytosolic Ni(II) sensor in a cyanobacterium: Nickel-detection follows nickel-affinity across four families of metal-sensors.
Foster AW, Patterson CJ, Pernil R, Hess CR, Robinson NJ.
J Biol Chem. 2012 Feb 22. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22356910
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Incorporation of metal and color alteration of enamel in the presence of orthodontic appliances.
Gurgel Maia LH, de Lima Filho HL, Araújo MV, de Oliveira Ruellas AC, de Souza Araújo MT.
Angle Orthod. 2012 Feb 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22356704
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) Thiaethyneporphyrins. Intramolecular Metal(II)-?(2)-CC Interaction inside a Porphyrinoid Frame.
Nojman E, Berlicka A, Szterenberg L, Latos-Grazynski L.
Inorg Chem. 2012 Feb 22. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22356285
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
General preparation for Pt-based alloy nanoporous nanoparticles as potential nanocatalysts.
Wang D, Zhao P, Li Y.
Sci Rep. 2011;1:37. Epub 2011 Jul 14.
PMID:
22355556
[PubMed - in process]
Pentacoordinate Ni(II) Complexes: Preparation, Magnetic Measurements, and Ab Initio Calculations of the Magnetic Anisotropy Terms.
Costes JP, Maurice R, Vendier L.
Chemistry. 2012 Feb 22. doi: 10.1002/chem.201103641. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22354459
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
[Measurement of carbon dioxide in emergency medicine].
Timmermann A, Brokmann JC, Fitzka R, Nickel EA.
Anaesthesist. 2012 Feb;61(2):148-55. German.
PMID:
22354403
[PubMed - in process]
[Care Counselling - The Client's Expectations.]
Nickel W, Hanns S, Brähler E, Born A.
Gesundheitswesen. 2012 Feb 21. [Epub ahead of print] German.
PMID:
22354362
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Community-based partnered research: new directions in mental health services research.
Alegría M, Wong Y, Mulvaney-Day N, Nillni A, Proctor E, Nickel M, Jones L, Green B, Koegel P, Wright A, Wells KB.
Ethn Dis. 2011 Summer;21(3 Suppl 1):S1-8-16.
PMID:
22352075
[PubMed - in process]
Inverse Suspension Polymerization as a New Tool for the Synthesis of Ion-Imprinted Polymers.
Meouche W, Branger C, Beurroies I, Denoyel R, Margaillan A.
Macromol Rapid Commun. 2012 Feb 21. doi: 10.1002/marc.201200039. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22351426
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Isolation and characterization of Bacillus cereus IST105 from electroplating effluent for detoxification of hexavalent chromium.
Naik UC, Srivastava S, Thakur IS.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2012 Feb 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22351260
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Production of a his-tagged canecystatin in transgenic sugarcane.
Henrique-Silva F, Soares-Costa A.
Methods Mol Biol. 2012;847:437-50.
PMID:
22351027
[PubMed - in process]
Seasonal variation in heavy metal contamination in water and sediments of river Sabarmati and Kharicut canal at Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
Kumar RN, Solanki R, Kumar JI.
Environ Monit Assess. 2012 Feb 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22350445
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Dakin-West reaction on 1-thyminyl acetic acid for the synthesis of 1,3-bis(1-thyminyl)-2-propanone, a heteroaromatic compound with nucleopeptide-binding properties.
Roviello GN, Roviello G, Musumeci D, Bucci EM, Pedone C.
Amino Acids. 2012 Feb 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22349760
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The chain structure of [Ni(C(4)H(2)O(4))(C(12)H(8)N(2))(H(2)O)](n) with different types of fumarate bridging.
Uhrinová A, Kuchár J, Cernák J.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2012 Feb 1;68(Pt 2):m92-3. Epub 2012 Jan 7.
PMID:
22346891
[PubMed - in process]
trans-Tetra-aqua-bis-(isonicotinamide-?N)nickel(II) bis-(3-hy-droxy-benzoate) tetra-hydrate.
Zaman IG, Caylak Delibas N, Necefoglu H, Hökelek T.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2012 Feb 1;68(Pt 2):m200-1. Epub 2012 Jan 21.
PMID:
22346867
[PubMed - in process]
{4,4',6,6'-Tetra-chloro-2,2'-[2,2-dimethyl-propane-1,3-diylbis(nitrilo-methanylyl-idene)]}nickel(II).
Kargar H, Kia R, Abbasian S, Tahir MN.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2012 Feb 1;68(Pt 2):m193. Epub 2012 Jan 21.
PMID:
22346862
[PubMed - in process]
trans-Tetra-kis(1-allyl-1H-imidazole-?N)bis-(thio-cyanato-?N)nickel(II).
Zheng SM, Jin YL.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2012 Feb 1;68(Pt 2):m188-9. Epub 2012 Jan 21.
PMID:
22346859
[PubMed - in process]
Poly[aqua-[?(3)-4-carb-oxy-2-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxyl-ato-?N,O:N,O:N]nickel(II)].
Jing XM, Gong SZ, Xiao LW.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2012 Feb 1;68(Pt 2):m187. Epub 2012 Jan 21.
PMID:
22346858
[PubMed - in process]
Recent Research & Development for Metals
Rapid syntheses of a metal-organic framework material Cu(3)(BTC)(2)(H(2)O)(3) under microwave: a quantitative analysis of accelerated syntheses. Khan NA, Haque E, Jhung SH. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2010 Mar 20;12(11):2625-31. Epub 2010 Jan 6. PMID: 20200739 [PubMed - in process]
Improved reliability from a plasma-assisted metal-insulator-metal capacitor comprising a high-k HfO(2) film on a flexible polyimide substrate. Singh Meena J, Chu MC, Kuo SW, Chang FC, Ko FH. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2010 Mar 20;12(11):2582-9. Epub 2010 Jan 26. PMID: 20200734 [PubMed - in process]
Rational synthesis and characterization of porous Cu(ii) coordination polymers. Noro S. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2010 Mar 20;12(11):2519-31. Epub 2010 Jan 18. PMID: 20200727 [PubMed - in process]
Construction of a monoanionic S,N,S-pincer ligand with a pyrrole core by sequential [1,2] phospho-Fries rearrangement. Characterization of palladium and silver coordination complexes. Fraix A, Lutz M, Spek AL, Gebbink RJ, van Koten G, Salaün JY, Jaffrès PA. Dalton Trans. 2010 Mar 21;39(11):2942-6. Epub 2010 Feb 5. PMID: 20200723 [PubMed - in process]
Zwitterionic dicopper helicates: anion encapsulation and binding studies. Wenzel M, Bruere SR, Knapp QW, Tasker PA, Plieger PG. Dalton Trans. 2010 Mar 21;39(11):2936-41. Epub 2010 Feb 8. PMID: 20200722 [PubMed - in process]
Organic-soluble optically pure anionic metal complexes PPh(4)[M(III)(S,S-EDDS)].2H(2)O (M = Fe, Co, Cr). Chmel NP, Howson SE, Allan LE, Barker J, Clarkson GJ, Turner SS, Scott P. Dalton Trans. 2010 Mar 21;39(11):2919-27. Epub 2010 Feb 9. PMID: 20200720 [PubMed - in process]
Crystallographic elucidation of purely structural, thermal and light-induced spin transitions in an iron(ii) binuclear complex. Kaiba A, Shepherd HJ, Fedaoui D, Rosa P, Goeta AE, Rebbani N, Létard JF, Guionneau P. Dalton Trans. 2010 Mar 21;39(11):2910-8. Epub 2010 Feb 9. PMID: 20200719 [PubMed - in process]
Anionic zinc-trimesic acid MOFs with unusual topologies: Reversible hydration studies. Davies K, Bourne SA, Ohrström L, Oliver CL. Dalton Trans. 2010 Mar 21;39(11):2869-74. Epub 2010 Feb 5. PMID: 20200714 [PubMed - in process]
A hexadentate bis(thiosemicarbazonato) ligand: rhenium(v), iron(iii) and cobalt(iii) complexes. Paterson BM, White JM, Donnelly PS. Dalton Trans. 2010 Mar 21;39(11):2831-7. Epub 2010 Feb 5. PMID: 20200709 [PubMed - in process]
Cu(ii) and Ni(ii) dioxotetraamine complexes integrated with tetrathiafulvalene moiety; structures and solution chemistry. Lu ZJ, Wang JP, Zhu QY, Huo LB, Qin YR, Dai J. Dalton Trans. 2010 Mar 21;39(11):2798-803. Epub 2010 Feb 9. PMID: 20200705 [PubMed - in process]
Synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of bis(monosubstituted-pyrazine)dihalocopper(ii). Herringer SN, Longendyke AJ, Turnbull MM, Landee CP, Wikaira JL, Jameson GB, Telfer SG. Dalton Trans. 2010 Mar 21;39(11):2785-97. Epub 2010 Feb 4. PMID: 20200704 [PubMed - in process]
Tailor made synthesis of amphiphilic azoaromatics via regioselective C-N bond fusion. Comparative studies of surface properties of the two positional isomers and cobalt complexes. Joy S, Pal P, Mahato M, Talapatra GB, Goswami S. Dalton Trans. 2010 Mar 21;39(11):2775-84. Epub 2010 Feb 15. PMID: 20200703 [PubMed - in process]
Rational design of diphosphorus ligands - a route to superior catalysts. Gillespie JA, Dodds DL, Kamer PC. Dalton Trans. 2010 Mar 21;39(11):2751-64. Epub 2010 Jan 4. PMID: 20200699 [PubMed - in process]
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Imaging and manipulation of the competing electronic phases near the Mott metal-insulator transition. Kim TH, Angst M, Hu B, Jin R, Zhang XG, Wendelken JF, Plummer EW, Li AP. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Mar 3. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20200312 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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American Elements is a copyrighted U.S. Trademark. All rights reserved.
Cobalt Iron Nickel Metal is
available as disc, granules, Ingot, pellets, powder, rod, wire, foil, and sputtering target. See research below. Ultra high purity and high purity forms also include metal powder, submicron powder and nanoscale, quantum dots, targets for thin film deposition, pellets for evaporation and single crystal or polycrystalline forms. Elements can also be introduced into alloys or other systems as compounds such as fluorides, oxides or chlorides or as solutions. Cobalt Iron Nickel Metal is generally immediately available in most volumes.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Cobalt is a Block D, Group 9, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Cobalt's shells is 2, 8, 15, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d7 4s2. In its elemental form cobalt's CAS number is 7440-48-4. The cobalt atom has a radius of 125.3.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Cobalt and its compounds are somewhat toxic by skin contact and moderately toxic by inhalation. Cobalt has a metallic permeability two thirds that of iron. It exists as a mixture of two allotropes over a wide temperature range. The transformation is slow and accounts in part for the wide variation in the physical properties of cobalt. It is alloyed with iron, nickel and other metals to make Alnico, an alloy of unusual magnetic strength with many 
important 
uses. Samarium-cobalt is one of the highest strength magnet alloys known. Cobalt compounds produce a brilliant and permanent blue color in ceramic glazes, glass, pottery, tiles, and enamels. Co-60 is useful as a gamma ray source. Toxicity of cobalt and its compounds are mild by skin contact and moderate by ingestion. Cobalt is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Cobalt was first discovered by George Brandt in 1737. The origin of the word Cobalt comes from the German word 'Kobalt or Kobold' which translates as "goblin", "elf" or "evil spirit". See Cobalt research below.
Iron is a Block D, Group 8, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Iron's shells is 2, 8, 14, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d6 4s2. In its elemental form iron's CAS number is 7439-89-6. The iron atom has a radius of 124.1.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Iron is not toxic. Iron is the most commonly used metal for commercial applications due to its hardness, historical availability and low cost. Once used on its own, it is now alloyed with nickel and other elements to produce steel and other high strength, non-corrosive structural metals. Iron as a metal and as its 
many compounds has numerous uses. It is a primary colorant in glass and ceramics. It is a catalyst. It is the basis for low grade magnets and because of its magnetic properties is used extensively in memory tape. Recent applications for Iron nanoparticles include
in water treatment of carbon tetrachloride in contaminated groundwater, magnetic data storage and resonance imaging (MRI) and in certain alloy and catalyst applications. Iron can also be introduced into processes using iron foil, pellets, rod and wire by thin film Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) processes including Thermal and Electron Beam (E-Beam) Evaporation, Low Temperature Organic Evaporation, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD), Organometallic and Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) for specific applications such as fuel cells and solar energy. Iron is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Iron was first discovered by Early Man.See Iron research below. 
Nickel is a Block D, Group 4, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Nickel's shells is 2, 8, 16, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar]3d8 4s2. In its elemental form nickel's CAS number is 7440-02-0. Nickel is sometimes found free in nature but is more commonly found in ores. The nickel atom has a radius of 149.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 163.pm. Nickel and its compounds are considered to be carcinogenic. Nickel carbonyl is a very toxic gas. It is extensively alloyed with iron, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and other metals produce stainless and other anti-corrosive steel and other corrosion-resistant alloys. It is highly electronically conductive and has many applications as a result. It is the basis of the nickel hydride battery. Most recently, its conductive properties have 
made it an ideal component for ceramic anode formulations used in oxygen generation and solid oxide fuel cell applications. Catalytic nickel is used to hydrogenate vegetable oils. Nickel additions to glass and ceramic glazes impart a bright green. It is also used in pigments for this purpose. Nickel information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included. Nickel was first discovered by Alex Constedt in 1751.
