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Germanium Shot
High Purity Ge Shot
7440-56-4
Product Product Code Order or Specifications
(2N) 99% Germanium Shot GE-M-02-SH Contact American Elements
(3N) 99.9% Germanium Shot GE-M-03-SH Contact American Elements
(4N) 99.99% Germanium Shot GE-M-04-SH Contact American Elements
(5N) 99.999% Germanium Shot GE-M-05-SH Contact American Elements

 

CHEMICAL
IDENTIFICATION		 Formula CAS No. PubChem
SID		 PubChem CID MDL No. EC No Beilstein
Re. No. 		SMILES
Identifier 		InChI
Identifier 		InChI
Key
Gd 7440-54-2 24855949 23982 MFCD00011022 231-162-2   [Gd] InChI=1S/Gd UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Mol. Wt. Appearance Density Tensile Strength Melting Point Boiling Point Thermal Conductivity Electrical Resistivity Eletronegativity Specific Heat Heat of Vaporization Heat of Fusion MSDS
157.25 Silvery 7901kg/m³ N/A 1312°C 3250°C 0.105 W/cm/K @ 298.2 K 140.5 microhm-cm @ 25°C 1.1 Paulings 0.055 Cal/g/K @ 25°C 72 K-Cal/gm atom at 3266°C 3.70 Cal/gm mole Safety Data Sheet


American Elements specializes in producing high purity Germanium Shot with the highest possible density and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) processes including Thermal and Electron Beam (E-Beam) Evaporation, Low Temperature Organic Evaporation, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD), Metallic-Organic and Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD). Our standard Shot sizes range from 1-3mm . We can also provide Shot outside this range for ultra high purity thin film applications, such as fuel cells and solar energy layers. Materials are produced using crystallization , solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form , as well as other machined shapes and through other processes such as nanoparticles (See also application discussion at Nanotechnology Information and at Quantum Dots ) and in the form of solutions and organometallics. See research below. We also produce Germanium as rod , ingot, powder, pieces, disc, granules, wire, and in compound forms, such as oxide. Other shapes are available by request.

Germanium(Ge) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbolGermanium is a Block P, Group 14, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Germanium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 4 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2. In its elemental form germanium's CAS number is 7440-56-4. The germanium atom has a radius of 122.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Germanium is not toxic. Germanium is a very important semiconductor. Zone-refining techniques have led to production of crystalline germanium for semiconductor use with extremely high purities. When germanium is doped with arsenic, gallium, or other elements, it is used as a transistor Elemental Germanium element in thousands of electronic Germanium Bohr Modelapplications. The most common use of germanium is as a semiconductor. Germanium is also finding many other applications including use as an alloying agent, as a phosphor in fluorescent lamps, and as a catalyst. Germanium and germanium oxide are transparent to the infrared and are used in infrared spectroscopes and other optical equipment, including extremely sensitive infrared detectors. The high refractive index and dispersion properties of its oxide's have made germanium useful as a component of wide-angle camera lenses and microscope objectives. The field of organo-germanium chemistry is becoming increasingly important. Germanium was first discovered by Clemens Winkler in 1886. See Germanium research below.

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Safety &
Handling
  Exclamation Mark-Acute Toxicity          
Signal Word Hazard Statements Hazard Codes Risk Codes Safety Precautions RTECS No. Transport Information WGK Germany
Warning H315-H319-H335 Xi 36/37/38 26-36/39 LY5200000   3

 

PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES


Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Bullion and bar forms are best if purchasing solely for physical possession and risk exposure.


 

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Search by Material, Product Name, Product Code, CAS Number, Formula, Element, Anion, Form, EC Number, MDL Number or PubChem ID.


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Recent Research & Development for Germanium

  • Synthesis of Mixed Tin-Ruthenium and Tin-Germanium-Ruthenium Carbonyl Clusters from [Ru(3)(CO)(12)] and Diaminometalenes (M = Sn, Ge). Cabeza JA, García-Álvarez P, Polo D. Inorg Chem. 2012 Jan 11. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22235838 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • RADIOACTIVITY RISK ASSOCIATED WITH THE HANDLING OF COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS. Medhat ME, Eissa HS, Elmaghraby EK, Abu Khadra SA. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2012 Jan 9. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22232775 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Synthesis of Nanoamorphous Germanium and Its Transformation to Nanocrystalline Germanium. Dag O, Henderson EJ, Ozin GA. Small. 2012 Jan 9. doi: 10.1002/smll.201101993. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22228493 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Synthesis and structural characterization of two-coordinate low-valent 14-group metal complexes bearing bulky bis(amido)silane ligands. Yang D, Guo J, Wu H, Ding Y, Zheng W. Dalton Trans. 2012 Jan 5. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22218706 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Compositional Differences between Size Classes of Dissolved Organic Matter from Freshwater and Seawater Revealed by an HPLC-FTIR System. Tremblay L, Landry C. Environ Sci Technol. 2012 Jan 4. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22216934 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Soft Lithographic Functionalization and Patterning Oxide-free Silicon and Germanium. Bowers CM, Toone EJ, Clark RL, Shestopalov AA. J Vis Exp. 2011 Dec 16;(58). pii: 3478. doi: 10.3791/3478. PMID: 22214997 [PubMed - in process]

  • The ARRONAX Project. Haddad F, Barbet J, Chatal JF. Curr Radiopharm. 2011 Jul 1;4(3):186-96. PMID: 22201708 [PubMed - in process]

  • Metastable Ge1-xCx Alloy Nanowires. Kim BS, Lee JH, Son K, Hwang SW, Choi BL, Lee EK, Kim JM, Whang D. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2011 Dec 27. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22201458 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Reactivity of Digermylenes toward Potassium Graphite: Synthesis and Characterization of Germylidenide Anions. Chia SP, Yeong HX, So CW. Inorg Chem. 2012 Jan 16;51(2):1002-10. Epub 2011 Dec 21. PMID: 22188525 [PubMed - in process]

  • Optics of semiconductors from meta-generalized-gradient-approximation-based time-dependent density-functional theory. Nazarov VU, Vignale G. Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Nov 18;107(21):216402. Epub 2011 Nov 15. PMID: 22181900 [PubMed - in process]

  • Active microwave negative-index metamaterial transmission line with gain. Jiang T, Chang K, Si LM, Ran L, Xin H. Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Nov 11;107(20):205503. Epub 2011 Nov 11. PMID: 22181744 [PubMed - in process]

  • Mesoporous zinc germanium oxynitride for CO(2) photoreduction under visible light. Zhang N, Ouyang S, Kako T, Ye J. Chem Commun (Camb). 2012 Jan 9;48(9):1269-71. Epub 2011 Dec 16. PMID: 22179125 [PubMed - in process]

  • In Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study of Si(1-x)Ge(x)O(2) Dissolution and Germanium Aqueous Speciation under Hydrothermal Conditions. Ranieri V, Haines J, Cambon O, Levelut C, Le Parc R, Cambon M, Hazemann JL. Inorg Chem. 2012 Jan 2;51(1):414-9. Epub 2011 Dec 16. PMID: 22175278 [PubMed - in process]

  • Open-shell complexes containing metal-germanium triple bonds. Filippou AC, Barandov A, Schnakenburg G, Lewall B, van Gastel M, Marchanka A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2012 Jan 16;51(3):789-93. doi: 10.1002/anie.201107120. Epub 2011 Dec 15. PMID: 22173926 [PubMed - in process]

  • A review of recent developments in the speciation and location of arsenic and selenium in rice grain. Carey AM, Lombi E, Donner E, de Jonge MD, Punshon T, Jackson BP, Guerinot ML, Price AH, Meharg AA. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2011 Dec 8. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22159463 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Electrodeposition of germanium from supercritical fluids. Ke J, Bartlett PN, Cook D, Easun TL, George MW, Levason W, Reid G, Smith D, Su W, Zhang W. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2012 Jan 4;14(4):1517-28. Epub 2011 Dec 12. PMID: 22158943 [PubMed - in process]

  • Gamma-ray fast-timing coincidence measurements from the (18)O+(18)O fusion-evaporation reaction using a mixed LaBr(3)-HPGe array. Alharbi T, Mason PJ, Regan PH, Podolyák Z, Marginean N, Nakhostin M, Bowry M, Bucurescu D, Cata-Danil G, Cata-Danil I, Deleanu D, Filipescu D, Glodariu T, Ghita D, Marginean R, Mihai C, Negret A, Pascu S, Sava T, Stroe L, Suliman G, Zamfir NV, Bruce AM, Rodriguez Triguero C, Bender PC, Garg U, Erduran MN, Kusoglu A, Bostan M, Detistov P, Alkhomashi N, Sinha AK, Chakrabarti R, Ghugre SS. Appl Radiat Isot. 2011 Dec 3. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22154387 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Mesoporous Nitrogen-Doped Carbon-Glass Ceramic Cathodes for Solid-State Lithium-Oxygen Batteries. Kichambare P, Rodrigues S, Kumar J. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2011 Dec 14. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22148159 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Synthesis, Structure, Chemical Bonding, and Magnetism of the Series RELiGe(2) (RE = La-Nd, Sm, Eu). Bobev S, You TS, Suen NT, Saha S, Greene R, Paglione J. Inorg Chem. 2012 Jan 2;51(1):620-8. Epub 2011 Dec 6. PMID: 22145852 [PubMed - in process]

  • Inducing novel electronic properties in <112> Ge nanowires by means of variations in their size, shape and strain: a first-principles computational study. Zhang C, De Sarkar A, Zhang RQ. J Phys Condens Matter. 2012 Jan 11;24(1):015301. Epub 2011 Dec 2. PMID: 22133518 [PubMed - in process]

     

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