Germanium (Ge) Nanoparticles

Development research is underway in Nano Electronics and Photonics materials, such as MEMS and NEMS, Bio Nano Materials, such as Biomarkers, Bio Diagnostics & Bio Sensors, and Related Nano Materials, for use in Polymers, Textiles, Fuel Cell Layers, Composites and Solar Energy materials. Nanopowders are analyzed for chemical composition by ICP, particle size distribution (PSD) by laser diffraction, and for Specific Surface Area (SSA) by BET multi-point correlation techniques. Novel nanotechnology applications also include Quantum Dots. High surface areas can also be achieved using solutions and using thin film by sputtering targets and evaporation technology using pellets, rod and foil.. Applications for Germanium nanocrystals include as a support to create high surface area catalysts, in anti-microbial, anti-biotic and anti-fungal (fungicide) agents when incorporated in coatings, plastics and textiles, and in super strong metals and alloys, such as nano-crystalline aluminium alloys for space applications as alternatives for titanium in components of liquid rocket engines (e.g. lines and turbopumps), since they are lighter and less susceptible to embrittlement by hydrogen, and in nanowire, nanofiber and and in certain other alloy and catalyst applications. Further research is being done for their potential electrical, dielectric, magnetic, optical, imaging, catalytic, biomedical and bioscience properties. Germanium Nano Particles are generally immediately available in most volumes. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available.

Germanium is a Block P, Group 14, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Germanium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 4 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p². In its elemental form germanium's CAS number is 7440-56-4. The germanium atom has a radius of 122.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Germanium is not toxic. Germanium is a very important semiconductor. Zone-refining techniques have led to production of crystalline germanium for semiconductor use with extremely high purities. When germanium is doped with arsenic, gallium, or other elements, it is used as a transistor element in thousands of electronic applications. The most common use of germanium is as a semiconductor. Germanium is also finding many other applications including use as an alloying agent, as a phosphor in fluorescent lamps, and as a catalyst. Germanium and germanium oxide are transparent to the infrared and are used in infrared spectroscopes and other optical equipment, including extremely sensitive infrared detectors. The high refractive index and dispersion properties of its oxide's have made germanium useful as a component of wide-angle camera lenses and microscope objectives. The field of organo-germanium chemistry is becoming increasingly important. Germanium was first discovered by Clemens Winkler in 1886. See Germanium research below.

Toxicity Safety & Handling

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