Hafnium Iodide is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. Iodide compounds are used in internal medicine. Treating an iodide with manganese dioxide and sulfuric acid sublimes the iodine.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Hafnium is a Block D, Group 4, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Hafnium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2. In its elemental form hafnium's CAS number is 7440-58-6.The hafnium atom has a radius of 156.4.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Hafnium is not toxic. Hafnium is one of the Group IV transition elements that is refined from various zirconic mineral deposits. Hafnium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It's primary uses are due to its ability as a nuclear "getter" or absorber of neutrons. It is a primary component in nuclear control rods for this purpose. It also finds uses as a dopant in the alloy of steel and titanium. It is also used in the production of mantles for high intensity incandescent lamps. Hafnium is replacing polysilicon as the principle gate or electrode material in metaloxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) which are the basis for all modern semiconductors. As semiconductors have gotten smaller, the limiting factor in further size reduction has been the ability of the silicon oxide gate to perform below 10 angstroms where leakage occurs. Recent research has been devoted to the development of High-k materials which can function as a di-electric barrier or gate with lower leakage. Using hafnium based alloys as this di-electric gate has allowed for the development of MOSFET gates smaller than 10 angstroms. This allows for further size reduction, reduced switching power requirements and improved performance. Hafnium was first discovered by Dirk Coster in 1923. See Hafnium research below.
Iodine is a Block P, Group 17, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Iodine's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 7 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5. In its elemental form iodine's CAS number is 7553-56-2. The iodine atom has a radius of 133.1.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 198.pm. Iodine in large amounts is poisonous but in small doses is only slightly toxic. Iodine forms compounds with many elements, but is less active than the other halogens, which displace it from iodides. Iodine exhibits some metallic-like properties. It dissolves readily in chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, or carbon disulfide to form purple solutions. It is only slightly soluble in water. Iodine compounds are important in organic chemistry and very useful in medicine. Potassium iodide finds use in photography. The deep blue color with starch solution is characteristic of the free element.Iodine is available in compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity). See Iodine research below. Iodine it forms compounds with many elements, but is less active than the other halogens, which displace it from iodides. Iodine exhibits some metallic-like properties. It dissolves readily in chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, or carbon disulfide to form purple solutions. It is only slightly soluble in water. Iodine compounds are important in organic chemistry and very useful in medicine. Iodides, and thyroxine which contains iodine, are used internally in medicine. Potassium iodide finds use in photography. The deep blue color with starch solution is characteristic of the free element.Iodine is available in compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity). See Iodine research below.
Formula
CAS No.
Appearance
Molecular Weight
HfI3
13779-73-2
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PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
A younger age for ALH84001 and its geochemical link to shergottite sources in Mars. Lapen TJ, Righter M, Brandon AD, Debaille V, Beard BL, Shafer JT, Peslier AH. Science. 2010 Apr 16;328(5976):347-51. PMID: 20395507 [PubMed]
Effect of deposition temperature on the characteristics of HfN(x) thin films prepared by plasma assisted cyclic chemical vapor deposition. Kim EJ, Woo HG, Kim DH. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2010 May;10(5):3463-6. PMID: 20358979 [PubMed - in process]
Preparation and structures of enantiomeric dinuclear zirconium and hafnium complexes containing two homochiral N atoms, and their catalytic property for polymerization of rac-lactide. Hu M, Wang M, Zhu H, Zhang L, Zhang H, Sun L. Dalton Trans. 2010 May 14;39(18):4440-6. Epub 2010 Mar 31. PMID: 20358041 [PubMed - in process]
Dielectric surface-controlled low-voltage organic transistors via n-alkyl phosphonic acid self-assembled monolayers on high-k metal oxide. Acton BO, Ting GG, Shamberger PJ, Ohuchi FS, Ma H, Jen AK. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2010 Feb;2(2):511-20. PMID: 20356199 [PubMed - in process]
In situ reaction mechanism studies on ozone-based atomic layer deposition of Al(2)O(3) and HfO(2). Rose M, Niinistö J, Endler I, Bartha JW, Kücher P, Ritala M. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2010 Feb;2(2):347-50. PMID: 20356179 [PubMed - in process]
Optical coatings in microscale channels by atomic layer deposition. Gabriel NT, Talghader JJ. Appl Opt. 2010 Mar 10;49(8):1242-8. doi: 10.1364/AO.49.001242. PMID: 20220879 [PubMed - in process]
Improved reliability from a plasma-assisted metal-insulator-metal capacitor comprising a high-k HfO2 film on a flexible polyimide substrate. Meena JS, Chu MC, Kuo SW, Chang FC, Ko FH. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2010 Mar 20;12(11):2582-9. Epub 2010 Jan 26. PMID: 20200734 [PubMed - in process]
Synthesis and characterisation of ionic liquids based on 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and MCl(4), M = Hf and Zr. Campbell PS, Santini CC, Bouchu D, Fenet B, Rycerz L, Chauvin Y, Gaune-Escard M, Bessada C, Rollet AL. Dalton Trans. 2010 Feb 7;39(5):1379-88. Epub 2009 Dec 1. PMID: 20104366 [PubMed]
Thermal stability of precursors for atomic layer deposition of TiO2, ZrO2, and HfO2: an ab initio study of alpha-hydrogen abstraction in bis-cyclopentadienyl dimethyl complexes. Zydor A, Elliott SD. J Phys Chem A. 2010 Feb 4;114(4):1879-86. PMID: 20055493 [PubMed]
Hafnium transistor process design for neural interfacing. Parent DW, Basham EJ. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2009;2009:5875-8. PMID: 19964878 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Effect of compositional variation on optical and structure properties of europium-doped SiO(2)-HfO(2) glasses. Zhu C, Monteil A, Ei-Jouad M, Gaumer N, Chaussedent S. Opt Lett. 2009 Dec 1;34(23):3749-51. doi: 10.1364/OL.34.003749. PMID: 19953183 [PubMed]
Synthesis and characterization of hafnium oxide films for thermo and photoluminescence applications. Mendoza JG, Frutis MA, Flores GA, Hipólito MG, Maciel Cerda A, Azorín Nieto J, Montalvo TR, Falcony C. Appl Radiat Isot. 2010 Apr-May;68(4-5):696-9. Epub 2009 Sep 19. PMID: 19828322 [PubMed - in process]
Zirconium and hafnium complexes of the thio(bisphenolato) ligand: synthesis, structural characterization and testing as 1-hexene polymerization catalysts. Janas Z, Godbole D, Nerkowski T, Szczegot K. Dalton Trans. 2009 Nov 7;(41):8846-53. Epub 2009 Aug 18. PMID: 19826716 [PubMed]
Group 4 bis(chelate) metal complexes of monoanionic bidentate [E,O-] ligands (E = O, S): synthesis and application as alpha-olefin polymerization catalysts. Lamberti M, Mazzeo M, Pellecchia C. Dalton Trans. 2009 Nov 7;(41):8831-7. Epub 2009 Aug 24. PMID: 19826714 [PubMed]
Zirconium and hafnium complexes supported by linked bis(beta-diketiminate) ligands: synthesis, characterization and catalytic application in ethylene polymerization. Gong S, Ma H, Huang J. Dalton Trans. 2009 Oct 21;(39):8237-47. Epub 2009 Aug 10. PMID: 19789776 [PubMed]
Catalytic transamidation reactions compatible with tertiary amide metathesis under ambient conditions. Stephenson NA, Zhu J, Gellman SH, Stahl SS. J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Jul 29;131(29):10003-8. PMID: 19621957 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Synthesis and structure of dinuclear hafnium(IV) and zirconium(IV) complexes sandwiched between 2 mono-lacunary alpha-Keggin polyoxometalates. Nomiya K, Saku Y, Yamada S, Takahashi W, Sekiya H, Shinohara A, Ishimaru M, Sakai Y. Dalton Trans. 2009 Jul 28;(28):5504-11. Epub 2009 May 29. PMID: 19587994 [PubMed]
Comparison of the synthesis of Ge nanocrystals in hafnium aluminum oxide and silicon oxide matrices. Chew HG, Zheng F, Choi WK, Chim WK, Fitzgerald EA, Foo YL. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2009 Feb;9(2):1577-81. PMID: 19441574 [PubMed]
The controlled deposition of metal oxides onto carbon nanotubes by atomic layer deposition: examples and a case study on the application of V2O4 coated nanotubes in gas sensing. Willinger MG, Neri G, Bonavita A, Micali G, Rauwel E, Herntrich T, Pinna N. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2009 May 21;11(19):3615-22. Epub 2009 Mar 30. PMID: 19421470 [PubMed]
Atomic scale imaging and spectroscopy of individual electron trap states using force detected dynamic tunnelling. Johnson JP, Zheng N, Williams CC. Nanotechnology. 2009 Feb 4;20(5):055701. Epub 2009 Jan 12. PMID: 19417360 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Recent Research & Development for Iodide
The role of striatal dopamine D2 receptors in the occurrence of extrapyramidal side effects: Iodine-123-iodobenzamide single photon emission computed tomography study.
Corripio I, Ferreira A, Portella MJ, Pérez V, Escartí MJ, Del Valle Camacho M, Sauras RB, Alonso A, Grasa EM, Carrió I, Catafau AM, Alvarez E.
Psychiatry Res. 2012 Jan 24. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22281201
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Adjuvant therapy options following curative treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review of randomized trials.
Zhong JH, Li H, Li LQ, You XM, Zhang Y, Zhao YN, Liu JY, Xiang BD, Wu GB.
Eur J Surg Oncol. 2012 Jan 24. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22281155
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Mercury and thyroid autoantibodies in U.S. women, NHANES 2007-2008.
Gallagher CM, Meliker JR.
Environ Int. 2012 Apr;40:39-43. Epub 2011 Dec 27.
PMID:
22280926
[PubMed - in process]
Dietary Iodine and Thyroid Cancer Risk in French Polynesia: A Case-Control Study.
Cléro E, Doyon F, Chungue V, Rachédi F, Boissin JL, Sebbag J, Shan L, Bost-Bezeaud F, Petitdidier P, Dewailly E, Rubino C, de Vathaire F.
Thyroid. 2012 Jan 26. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22280227
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Highly Enantioselective Copper-Catalyzed Alkylation of ß-Ketoesters and Subsequent Cyclization to Spirolactones/ bi-Spirolactones.
Deng QH, Wadepohl H, Gade LH.
J Am Chem Soc. 2012 Jan 26. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22280225
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Mediastinal goiter diagnosed by functional imaging.
Michels G, Dietlein M, Kobe C, Pfister R.
Libyan J Med. 2012;7. doi: 10.3402/ljm.v7i0.15693. Epub 2012 Jan 19.
PMID:
22279494
[PubMed - in process]
An Approach to the Regioselective Diamination of Conjugated Di- and Trienes.
Lishchynskyi A, Muñiz K.
Chemistry. 2012 Jan 25. doi: 10.1002/chem.201103435. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22279008
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Highly Stereoselective Metal-Free Oxyaminations Using Chiral Hypervalent Iodine Reagents.
Farid U, Wirth T.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2012 Jan 25. doi: 10.1002/anie.201107703. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22278888
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Scintigraphic Detection of Benign Ovarian Teratoma after Total Thyroidectomy and Radioactive Iodine for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.
van Wijk JP, Broekhuizen-de Gast HS, Smits AJ, Schipper ME, Zelissen PM.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Jan 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22278431
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
An Operational Study on Implementation of Mobile Primary Healthcare Services for Seasonal Migratory Farmworkers, Turkey.
Simsek Z, Koruk I, Doni NY.
Matern Child Health J. 2012 Jan 26. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22278354
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
BMI, Diet and Female Reproductive Factors as Risks for Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review.
Peterson E, De P, Nuttall R.
PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e29177. Epub 2012 Jan 19.
PMID:
22276106
[PubMed - in process]
Report on a cryotherapy service for women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in a district hospital in western Kenya.
Lewis K, Sellors J, Dawa A, Tsu V, Kidula N.
Afr Health Sci. 2011 Sep;11(3):370-6.
PMID:
22275926
[PubMed - in process]
A comparison of triage methods for Kenyan women who screen positive for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia by visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid.
Lewis K, Tsu V, Dawa A, Kidula N, Chami I, Sellors J.
Afr Health Sci. 2011 Sep;11(3):362-9.
PMID:
22275925
[PubMed - in process]
Coupled simulation of chemical lasers based on intracavity partially coherent light model and 3D CFD model.
Wu K, Huai Y, Jia S, Jin Y.
Opt Express. 2011 Dec 19;19(27):26295-307. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.026295.
PMID:
22274214
[PubMed - in process]
Surgical Treatment for Thyrotoxic Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis: Case Report.
Lin YC, Wu CW, Chen HC, Chen HY, Lu IC, Tsai CJ, Kuo WR, Chiang FY.
World J Surg Oncol. 2012 Jan 24;10(1):21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22273473
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Hofmann-Type Rearrangement of Imides by in Situ Generation of Imide-Hypervalent Iodines(III) from Iodoarenes.
Moriyama K, Ishida K, Togo H.
Org Lett. 2012 Jan 24. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22273472
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Recent advances on radionuclide labeled hypoxia-imaging agents.
Li Z, Chu T.
Curr Pharm Des. 2012 Jan 17. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22272826
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Predictive modelling of interventions to improve iodine intake in New Zealand.
Schiess S, Cressey PJ, Thomson BM.
Public Health Nutr. 2012 Jan 25:1-9. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22272731
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Goiter prevalence and urinary iodine levels.
Ozsoylu S.
Turk J Pediatr. 2011 Sep-Oct;53(5):595. No abstract available.
PMID:
22272468
[PubMed - in process]
Collaboration to optimize dietary intakes of salt and iodine: a critical but overlooked public health issue.
Campbell N, Dary O, Cappuccio FP, Neufeld LM, Harding KB, Zimmermann MB.
Bull World Health Organ. 2012 Jan 1;90(1):73-4. No abstract available.
PMID:
22271970
[PubMed - in process]
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Hafnium Iodide is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. Iodide compounds are used in internal medicine. Treating an iodide with manganese dioxide and sulfuric acid sublimes the iodine.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Hafnium is a Block D, Group 4, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Hafnium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2. In its elemental form hafnium's CAS number is 7440-58-6.The hafnium atom has a radius of 156.4.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Hafnium is not toxic. Hafnium is one of the Group IV transition elements that is refined from various zirconic mineral deposits. Hafnium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It's primary uses are due to its ability as a nuclear "getter" or absorber of neutrons. It is a primary component in nuclear control rods for this purpose. It also finds uses as a dopant in the alloy of 
steel and 
titanium. It is also used in the production of mantles for high intensity incandescent lamps. Hafnium is replacing polysilicon as the principle gate or electrode material in metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) which are the basis for all modern semiconductors. As semiconductors have gotten smaller, the limiting factor in further size reduction has been the ability of the silicon oxide gate to perform below 10 angstroms where leakage occurs. Recent research has been devoted to the development of High-k materials which can function as a di-electric barrier or gate with lower leakage. Using hafnium based alloys as this di-electric gate has allowed for the development of MOSFET gates smaller than 10 angstroms. This allows for further size reduction, reduced switching power requirements and improved performance. Hafnium was first discovered by Dirk Coster in 1923. See Hafnium research below.
Iodine is a Block P, Group 17, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Iodine's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 7 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5. In its elemental form iodine's CAS number is 7553-56-2. The iodine atom has a radius of 133.1.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 198.pm. Iodine in large amounts is poisonous but in small doses is only slightly toxic. Iodine forms compounds with many elements, but is less active than the other halogens, which displace it from iodides. Iodine exhibits some metallic-like properties. It dissolves readily in chloroform, 
carbon tetrachloride, or carbon
disulfide to form purple solutions. It is only slightly soluble in water. Iodine compounds are important in organic chemistry and very useful in medicine. Potassium iodide finds use in photography. The deep blue color with starch solution is characteristic of the free element.Iodine is available in compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity). See Iodine research below. Iodine it forms compounds with many elements, but is less active than the other halogens, which displace it from iodides. Iodine exhibits some metallic-like properties. It dissolves readily in chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, or carbon disulfide to form purple solutions. It is only slightly soluble in water. Iodine compounds are important in organic chemistry and very useful in medicine. Iodides, and thyroxine which contains iodine, are used internally in medicine. Potassium iodide finds use in photography. The deep blue color with starch solution is characteristic of the free element.Iodine is available in compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity). See Iodine research below. 
