Holmium Bromide is a highly water soluble crystalline Holmium source for uses compatible with Bromides and lower (acidic) pH. Metallic Bromides are marketed under the trade name AE Bromides™. Most metal bromide compounds are water soluble for uses in water treatment, chemical analysis and in ultra high purity for certain crystal growth applications. Bromide in an aqueous solution can be detected by adding Holmium disulfide (CS2) and chlorine. Holmium Bromide is generally immediately available in most volumes. Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards. Nanoscale (See also Nanotechnology Information and Quantum Dots) elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Holmium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Holmium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f11 6s2. In its elemental form holmium's CAS number is 7440-60-0. The holmium atom has a radius of 174.3.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Holmium is only slightly toxic. Holmium has the highest magnetic moment (10.6µB) of any naturally occurring element. Because of this it has been used to create the highest known magnetic fields by placing it within high strength magnets as a pole piece or magnetic flux concentrator. This magnetic property also has value in yttrium-iron-garnet(YIG) lasers for microwave equipment. Holmium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Holmium lases at a human eye safe 2.08 microns allowing its use in a variety of medical and dental applications in both yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) and yttrium-lanthanum-fluoride (YLF) solid state lasers. The wavelength allows for use in silica fibers designed for shorter wavelengths while still providing the cutting strength of longer wave length equipment. Holmium was first discovered by J.L. Soret in 1878. See Holmium research below.
Boron is a Block P, Group 13, Period 2 element. The number of electrons in each of Boron's shells is 2, 3 and its electronic configuration is [He] 2s2 2p1. In its elemental form boron's CAS number is 7440-42-8. The boron atom has a radius of 79.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Boron has an energy band gap of 1.50 to 1.56 eV, which is higher than that of either silicon or germanium. Optical characteristics include transmitting portions of the infrared. Boron is a poor conductor of electricity at room temperature but a good conductor at high temperature. Boron in its elemental form is not toxic. Amorphous boron is used in pyrotechnic flares to provide a distinctive green color, and in rockets as an igniter Boric acid is also an important boron compound with major markets in textile products. Boron compounds are also extensively used in the manufacture of borosilicate glasses. The isotope Boron-10 is used as a control for nuclear reactors, as a shield for nuclear radiation, and in instruments used for detecting neutrons. Boron nitride has remarkable properties and can be used to make a material as hard as diamond. The nitride also behaves like an electrical insulator but conducts heat like a metal. Boron also has lubricating properties similar to graphite. Boron was first discovered by Sir Humphry Davy and J.L Gay-Lussac in 1808. The name Boron originates from a combination of carbon and the Arabic word 'buraqu meaning borax. See Boron research below.
EX-VIVO COMPARISON OF AVAILABLE MORCELLATION DEVICES DURING HOLEP THROUGH OBJECTIVE PARAMETERS.
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22260635
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[A meta-analysis of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia].
Zhao CB, Li JC, Yuan PQ, Hong YQ, Lu B, Zhao SC.
Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2011 Dec;17(12):1112-20. Chinese.
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22235682
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[Causes, location and management of BPH surgery-related urethral stricture].
Long Z, He LY, Jiang XZ, Zhang YC, Wang GM, Pei XM, Huang K.
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22235678
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Laser Lithotripsy to Treat Basket Impaction during Mechanical Lithotripsy of a Pancreatic Duct Stone.
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JOP. 2011 Dec 23;13(1):101-3.
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Outpatient therapeutic nuclear oncology.
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Outcomes of transurethral removal of intravesical or intraurethral mesh following midurethral sling surgery.
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catena-Poly[[tetra-kis-(hexa-methyl-phospho-ramide-?O)bis-(nitrato-?O,O')holmium(III)] [silver(I)-di-?-sulfido-tungstate(VI)-di-?-sulfido]].
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Selected Trace Elements in the Sacramento River, California: Occurrence and Distribution.
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Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011 Dec 23. [Epub ahead of print]
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22193863
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Ureterorenoscopy with Holmium-Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Fragmentation Is a Safe and Efficient Technique for Stone Treatment in Patients with a Body Mass Index Superior to 30 kg/m(2).
Delorme G, Huu YN, Lillaz J, Bernardini S, Chabannes E, Guichard G, Bittard H, Kleinclauss F.
J Endourol. 2012 Jan 12. [Epub ahead of print]
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Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy for Distal Ureteral Calculi: Comparative Evaluation of Three Different Lithotriptors.
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J Endourol. 2012 Jan 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22192101
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[Relationship between morcellation efficiency and enucleated tissue weight in holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia].
Ishikawa R, Shitara T, Wakatabe Y, Kubo S, Hirayama T, Fujita T, Iwamura M, Baba S.
Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi. 2011 Sep;102(5):675-8. Japanese.
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22191275
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First collaborative experience with thulium laser ablation of localized upper urinary tract urothelial tumors using retrograde intra-renal surgery.
Defidio L, De Dominicis M, Di Gianfrancesco L, Fuchs G, Patel A.
Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2011 Sep;83(3):147-53.
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Treatment of ectopic intratracheal thyroid with a holmium laser.
Hall AB, Gifford TO, Sabatini PR.
Mil Med. 2011 Nov;176(11):1325-6.
PMID:
22165664
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Characteristics of patients with fluid extravasation during retrograde ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy for renal calculi.
Luo XM, Zhang C, Qian HJ, Song C, Yang SX.
Saudi Med J. 2011 Dec;32(12):1251-5.
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Potential of high-Z contrast agents in clinical contrast-enhanced computed tomography.
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Med Phys. 2011 Dec;38(12):6469.
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Successful outcome of flexible ureteroscopy with holmium laser lithotripsy for renal stones 2 cm or greater.
Takazawa R, Kitayama S, Tsujii T.
Int J Urol. 2011 Dec 6. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2011.02931.x. [Epub ahead of print]
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A case of large bladder hemangioma successfully treated with endoscopic yttrium aluminium garnet laser irradiation.
Takemoto J, Yamazaki Y, Sakai K.
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[Impacts of different transurethral prostatic resection procedures on male sexual function: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials].
Zong HT, Peng XX, Yang CC, Zhang Y.
Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2011 Nov;17(11):1014-8. Chinese.
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22141274
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Single-operator cholangioscopy-guided laser lithotripsy in patients with difficult biliary and pancreatic ductal stones (with videos).
Maydeo A, Kwek BE, Bhandari S, Bapat M, Dhir V.
Gastrointest Endosc. 2011 Dec;74(6):1308-14.
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Synthesis of Enol Lactones via Cu(I)-Catalyzed Intramolecular O-Vinylation of Carboxylic Acids.
Sun C, Fang Y, Li S, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Zhu S, Li C.
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Formation of ArF from LPdAr(F): Catalytic Conversion of Aryl Triflates to Aryl Fluorides.
Watson DA, Su M, Teverovskiy G, Zhang Y, García-Fortanet J, Kinzel T, Buchwald SL.
Science. 2009 Aug 13. [Epub ahead of print]
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(2-Pyridyl)acetone-Promoted Cu-Catalyzed O-Arylation of Phenols with Aryl Iodides, Bromides, and Chlorides.
Zhang Q, Wang D, Wang X, Ding K.
J Org Chem. 2009 Aug 12. [Epub ahead of print]
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Ni-Catalyzed Sonogashira Coupling of Nonactivated Alkyl Halides: Orthogonal Functionalization of Alkyl Iodides, Bromides, and Chlorides.
Vechorkin O, Barmaz D, Proust V, Hu X.
J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Aug 11. [Epub ahead of print]
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Zn-mediated electrochemical allylation of aldehydes in aqueous ammonia.
Huang JM, Dong Y.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2009 Jul 14;(26):3943-5. Epub 2009 May 28.
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Practical Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Diaryl-, Aryl Heteroaryl-, and Diheteroarylmethanols.
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J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print]
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Direct Palladium-Catalyzed Arylations of Aryl Bromides with 2/9-Substituted Pyrimido[5,4-b]indolizines.
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Versatile chemoselectivity in Ni-catalyzed multiple bond carbonylations and cyclocarbonylations in CO(2)-expanded liquids.
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Highly Selective Biaryl Cross-Coupling Reactions between Aryl Halides and Aryl Grignard Reagents: A New Catalyst Combination of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel Fluorides.
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Hexacationic Dendriphos Ligands in the Pd-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction: Scope and Mechanistic Studies.
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A General Copper-Catalyzed Coupling of Azoles with Vinyl Bromides.
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J Org Chem. 2009 Jul 15. [Epub ahead of print]
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Kinetics of Bromine-Magnesium Exchange Reactions in Heteroaryl Bromides.
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C5-Modified nucleosides exhibiting anticancer activity.
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The Scope and Limitation of Nickel-Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of Aryl Bromides from Formamide Derivatives.
Jo Y, Ju J, Choe J, Song KH, Lee S.
J Org Chem. 2009 Jul 2. [Epub ahead of print]
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Electroencephalographic and behavioral convulsant effects of hydrobromide and hydrochloride salts of bupropion in conscious rodents.
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Holmium Bromide is a highly water soluble crystalline Holmium source for uses compatible with Bromides and lower (acidic) pH. Metallic Bromides are marketed under the trade name AE Bromides™. Most metal bromide compounds are water soluble for uses in water treatment, chemical analysis and in ultra high purity for certain crystal growth applications. Bromide in an aqueous solution can be detected by adding Holmium disulfide (CS2) and chlorine. Holmium Bromide is generally immediately available in most volumes. Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards. Nanoscale (See also Nanotechnology Information and Quantum Dots) elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Holmium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Holmium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f11 6s2. In its elemental form holmium's CAS number is 7440-60-0. The holmium atom has a radius of 174.3.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Holmium is only slightly toxic. Holmium has the highest magnetic moment (10.6µB) of any naturally occurring 
element. Because of this it has been used to create the highest known magnetic fields by placing it within high strength magnets as a pole piece or magnetic flux concentrator. This magnetic property also has value in yttrium-iron-garnet
(YIG) lasers for microwave equipment. Holmium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Holmium lases at a human eye safe 2.08 microns allowing its use in a variety of medical and dental applications in both yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) and yttrium-lanthanum-fluoride (YLF) solid state lasers. The wavelength allows for use in silica fibers designed for shorter wavelengths while still providing the cutting strength of longer wave length equipment. Holmium was first discovered by J.L. Soret in 1878. See Holmium research below. 
Boron is a Block P, Group 13, Period 2 element. The number of electrons in each of Boron's shells is 2, 3 and its electronic configuration is [He] 2s2 2p1. In its elemental form boron's CAS number is 7440-42-8. The boron atom has a radius of 79.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Boron has an energy band gap of 1.50 to 1.56 eV, which is higher than that of either silicon or germanium. Optical characteristics include transmitting portions of the infrared. Boron is a poor conductor of electricity at room temperature but a good conductor at high temperature. Boron in its elemental form is not toxic. Amorphous 
boron is used in pyrotechnic flares to provide a distinctive green color, and in rockets as an igniter Boric acid is also an important boron compound with major markets in textile products. Boron compounds are also extensively used in the manufacture of borosilicate 
glasses. The isotope Boron-10 is used as a control for nuclear reactors, as a shield for nuclear radiation, and in instruments used for detecting neutrons. Boron nitride has remarkable properties and can be used to make a material as hard as diamond. The nitride also behaves like an electrical insulator but conducts heat like a metal. Boron also has lubricating properties similar to graphite. Boron was first discovered by Sir Humphry Davy and J.L Gay-Lussac in 1808. The name Boron originates from a combination of carbon and the Arabic word 'buraqu meaning borax. See Boron research below. 
