Holmium Perchlorate is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. Chloride compounds can conduct electricity when fused or dissolved in water. Chloride materials can be decomposed by electrolysis to chlorine gas and the metal. They are formed through various chlorination processes whereby at least one chlorine anion (Cl-) is covalently bonded to the relevant metal or cation. Ultra high purity and proprietary formulations can be prepared. The chloride ion controls fluid equilibrium and pH levels in metabolic systems. They can form either inorganic or organic compounds.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Holmium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Holmium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f11 6s2. In its elemental form holmium's CAS number is 7440-60-0. The holmium atom has a radius of 174.3.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Holmium is only slightly toxic. Holmium has the highest magnetic moment (10.6µB) of any naturally occurring element. Because of this it has been used to create the highest known magnetic fields by placing it within high strength magnets as a pole piece or magnetic flux concentrator. This magnetic property also has value in yttrium-iron-garnet(YIG) lasers for microwave equipment. Holmium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Holmium lases at a human eye safe 2.08 microns allowing its use in a variety of medical and dental applications in both yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) and yttrium-lanthanum-fluoride (YLF) solid state lasers. The wavelength allows for use in silica fibers designed for shorter wavelengths while still providing the cutting strength of longer wave length equipment. Holmium was first discovered by J.L. Soret in 1878. See Holmium research below.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
EX-VIVO COMPARISON OF AVAILABLE MORCELLATION DEVICES DURING HOLEP THROUGH OBJECTIVE PARAMETERS.
Cornu JN, Terrasa JB, Lukacs B.
J Endourol. 2012 Jan 19. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22260635
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
[A meta-analysis of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia].
Zhao CB, Li JC, Yuan PQ, Hong YQ, Lu B, Zhao SC.
Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2011 Dec;17(12):1112-20. Chinese.
PMID:
22235682
[PubMed - in process]
[Causes, location and management of BPH surgery-related urethral stricture].
Long Z, He LY, Jiang XZ, Zhang YC, Wang GM, Pei XM, Huang K.
Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2011 Dec;17(12):1097-100. Chinese.
PMID:
22235678
[PubMed - in process]
Laser Lithotripsy to Treat Basket Impaction during Mechanical Lithotripsy of a Pancreatic Duct Stone.
Hlaing C, Tarnasky P, Hambrick D.
JOP. 2011 Dec 23;13(1):101-3.
PMID:
22233959
[PubMed - in process]
Outpatient therapeutic nuclear oncology.
Turner JH.
Ann Nucl Med. 2012 Jan 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22222779
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Outcomes of transurethral removal of intravesical or intraurethral mesh following midurethral sling surgery.
Jo DJ, Lee YS, Oh TH, Ryu DS, Kwak KW.
Korean J Urol. 2011 Dec;52(12):829-34. Epub 2011 Dec 20.
PMID:
22216395
[PubMed - in process]
The efficacy and safety of ureteroscopy for ureteral calculi in pregnancy: our experience in 32 patients.
Bozkurt Y, Penbegul N, Soylemez H, Atar M, Sancaktutar AA, Yildirim K, Sak ME.
Urol Res. 2012 Jan 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22215294
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
catena-Poly[[tetra-kis-(hexa-methyl-phospho-ramide-?O)bis-(nitrato-?O,O')holmium(III)] [silver(I)-di-?-sulfido-tungstate(VI)-di-?-sulfido]].
Zeng J, Tang G, Wei C.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1724-5. Epub 2011 Nov 9.
PMID:
22199530
[PubMed - in process]
Selected Trace Elements in the Sacramento River, California: Occurrence and Distribution.
Taylor HE, Antweiler RC, Roth DA, Alpers CN, Dileanis P.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011 Dec 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22193863
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Ureterorenoscopy with Holmium-Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Fragmentation Is a Safe and Efficient Technique for Stone Treatment in Patients with a Body Mass Index Superior to 30 kg/m(2).
Delorme G, Huu YN, Lillaz J, Bernardini S, Chabannes E, Guichard G, Bittard H, Kleinclauss F.
J Endourol. 2012 Jan 12. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22192111
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy for Distal Ureteral Calculi: Comparative Evaluation of Three Different Lithotriptors.
Salvadó JA, Mandujano R, Saez I, Saavedra A, Dell'oro A, Dominguez J, Trucco C.
J Endourol. 2012 Jan 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22192101
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
[Relationship between morcellation efficiency and enucleated tissue weight in holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia].
Ishikawa R, Shitara T, Wakatabe Y, Kubo S, Hirayama T, Fujita T, Iwamura M, Baba S.
Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi. 2011 Sep;102(5):675-8. Japanese.
PMID:
22191275
[PubMed - in process]
First collaborative experience with thulium laser ablation of localized upper urinary tract urothelial tumors using retrograde intra-renal surgery.
Defidio L, De Dominicis M, Di Gianfrancesco L, Fuchs G, Patel A.
Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2011 Sep;83(3):147-53.
PMID:
22184839
[PubMed - in process]
Treatment of ectopic intratracheal thyroid with a holmium laser.
Hall AB, Gifford TO, Sabatini PR.
Mil Med. 2011 Nov;176(11):1325-6.
PMID:
22165664
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Characteristics of patients with fluid extravasation during retrograde ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy for renal calculi.
Luo XM, Zhang C, Qian HJ, Song C, Yang SX.
Saudi Med J. 2011 Dec;32(12):1251-5.
PMID:
22159379
[PubMed - in process]
Potential of high-Z contrast agents in clinical contrast-enhanced computed tomography.
Nowak T, Hupfer M, Brauweiler R, Eisa F, Kalender WA.
Med Phys. 2011 Dec;38(12):6469.
PMID:
22149830
[PubMed - in process]
Successful outcome of flexible ureteroscopy with holmium laser lithotripsy for renal stones 2 cm or greater.
Takazawa R, Kitayama S, Tsujii T.
Int J Urol. 2011 Dec 6. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2011.02931.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22145599
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A case of large bladder hemangioma successfully treated with endoscopic yttrium aluminium garnet laser irradiation.
Takemoto J, Yamazaki Y, Sakai K.
Int J Urol. 2011 Dec;18(12):854-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2011.02879.x. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
PMID:
22142464
[PubMed - in process]
[Impacts of different transurethral prostatic resection procedures on male sexual function: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials].
Zong HT, Peng XX, Yang CC, Zhang Y.
Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2011 Nov;17(11):1014-8. Chinese.
PMID:
22141274
[PubMed - in process]
Single-operator cholangioscopy-guided laser lithotripsy in patients with difficult biliary and pancreatic ductal stones (with videos).
Maydeo A, Kwek BE, Bhandari S, Bapat M, Dhir V.
Gastrointest Endosc. 2011 Dec;74(6):1308-14.
PMID:
22136776
[PubMed - in process]
Holmium Perchlorate is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. Chloride compounds can conduct electricity when fused or dissolved in water. Chloride materials can be decomposed by electrolysis to chlorine gas and the metal. They are formed through various chlorination processes whereby at least one chlorine anion (Cl-) is covalently bonded to the relevant metal or cation. Ultra high purity and proprietary formulations can be prepared. The chloride ion controls fluid equilibrium and pH levels in metabolic systems. They can form either inorganic or organic compounds.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Holmium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Holmium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f11 6s2. In its elemental form holmium's CAS number is 7440-60-0. The holmium atom has a radius of 174.3.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Holmium is only slightly toxic. Holmium has the highest magnetic moment (10.6µB) of any naturally occurring 
element. Because of this it has been used to create the highest known magnetic fields by placing it within high strength magnets as a pole piece or magnetic flux concentrator. This magnetic property also has value in yttrium-iron-garnet
(YIG) lasers for microwave equipment. Holmium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Holmium lases at a human eye safe 2.08 microns allowing its use in a variety of medical and dental applications in both yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) and yttrium-lanthanum-fluoride (YLF) solid state lasers. The wavelength allows for use in silica fibers designed for shorter wavelengths while still providing the cutting strength of longer wave length equipment. Holmium was first discovered by J.L. Soret in 1878. See Holmium research below. 
