American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopeia/British Pharmacopeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.See safety data and research below and pricing/lead time above. American Elements specializes in producing high purity Indium(III) Telluride Sputtering targets with the highest possible density and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes nanoparticles. We also produce Indium as disc, granules, ingot, pellets, pieces, powder, and rod. Other shapes are available by request.
Indium is a Block P, Group 13, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Indium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 3 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1. In its elemental form indium's CAS number is 7440-74-6. The indium atom has a radius of 162.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 193.pm. Indium is only slightly toxic. Indium has found application in semi-conductor materials and other electronic applications. It is used to make low-melting alloys, such as an alloy of 24% indium - 76% Indium is liquid at room temperature. It is used in making bearing alloys, germanium transistors, rectifiers, and photoconductors. It can be plated onto metal and evaporated onto glass, forming a mirror as good as that made with silver but with more resistance to atmospheric corrosion. Indium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Indium is also used in various metal alloys (See AE Alloys). Indium was first discovered by Ferdinand Reich in 1863. See Indium research below.
Tellurium is a Block P, Group 16, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Tellurium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 6 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4. In its elemental form tellurium's CAS number is 13494-80-9. Tellurium is very toxic and can cause birth defects. The tellurium atom has a radius of 143.2.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 206.pm. Tellurium is a p-type semiconductor, and shows greater conductivity in certain directions, depending on alignment of the atoms. It is grown in crystalline form with other elements such as indium telluride. Its conductivity increases slightly with exposure to light which makes many tellurides candidates for solar energyapplications. Tellurium improves the machinability of copper and stainless steel, and its addition to lead decreases the corrosive action of sulfuric acid on lead and improves its strength and hardness. Tellurium is used as a basic ingredient in blasting caps, and is added to cast iron for chill control. Tellurium is used in ceramics. Bismuth telluride has been used in thermoelectric devices. Iron is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Tellurium was first discovered by Franz Muller von Reichenstein in 1782. The name Tellurium originates from the Greek word 'Tellus' meaning Earth. See Tellurium research below. |
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES |
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
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Recent Research & Development for Indium
- A bifunctional nonprecious metal catalyst for oxygen
reduction and water oxidation. Gorlin Y, Jaramillo TF. J Am Chem Soc. 2010 Oct 6;132(39):13612-4. PubMed
PMID: 20839797.
- MRI may be sufficient for noninvasive assessment of great vessel stents: an in
vitro comparison of MRI, CT, and conventional angiography. Nordmeyer J, Gaudin R, Tann OR, Lurz PC, Bonhoeffer P, Taylor AM, Muthurangu
V. AJR Am J Roentgenol.
2010 Oct;195(4):865-71. PubMed PMID: 20858811.
- High-efficiency red
phosphorescent electroluminescence devices based on mixed p / n host matrices.
Duan Y, Mazzeo M, Cheng G, Mariano F, Gigli G. Opt Lett. 2010 Oct 1;35(19):3174-6. doi: 10.1364/OL.35.003174. PubMed PMID:
20890324.
- An Ir-Pt Catalyst for the Multistep Preparation
of Functionalized Indoles from the Reaction of Amino Alcohols and Alkynyl
Alcohols. Zanardi A, Mata JA, Peris E. Chemistry. 2010 Sep 30. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20886472.
- Mechanistically Driven Development of Iridium
Catalysts for Asymmetric Allylic Substitution. Hartwig JF, Stanley LM. Acc Chem Res. 2010 Sep 28. [Epub
ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20873839.
- Gold vs. platinum-iridium
tip catheter for cavotricuspid isthmus ablation: the AURUM 8 study. Lewalter T, Weiss C, Spencker S, Jung W, Haverkamp W, Willems S, Deneke T,
Kautzner J, Wiedemann M, Siebels J, Pitschner HF, Hoffmann E, Hindricks G, Zabel
M, Vester E, Schwacke H, Mittmann-Braun E, Lickfett L, Hoffmeister S, Proff J,
Mewis C, Bauer W; for the AURUM 8 Study Investigators. Europace.
2010 Sep 28. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20876601.
- Modulation of iridium(iii)
phosphorescence via photochromic ligands: a density functional theory study. Li X, Zhang Q, Tu Y, Agren H, Tian H. Phys
Chem Chem Phys. 2010 Sep 28. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20877839.
- Simultaneous iridium catalysed oxidation and enzymatic reduction employing
orthogonal reagents. Mutti FG, Orthaber A, Schrittwieser JH, Vries JG, Pietschnig R, Kroutil W.Chem Commun (Camb). 2010 Sep 27. [Epub ahead of print]
PubMed PMID: 20871888.
- Regio- and Enantioselective
Iridium-Catalyzed Allylation of Thiophenol: Synthesis of Enantiopure Allyl Phenyl
Sulfides. Zheng S, Gao N, Liu W, Liu D, Zhao X, Cohen T. Org Lett. 2010 Sep 23. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20863112.
- Enantioselective and Z/E-Selective
Conjugate Addition of ?-Substituted Cyanoacetates to Acetylenic Esters Catalyzed
by Bifunctional Ruthenium and Iridium Complexes. Hasegawa Y, Gridnev ID, Ikariya T. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2010 Sep
20. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20857471.
- Electronic effects in iridium C-H borylations:
insights from unencumbered substrates and variation of boryl ligand substituents.
Vanchura Ii BA, Preshlock SM, Roosen PC, Kallepalli VA, Staples RJ, Maleczka
Jr RE, Singleton DA, Smith Iii MR. Chem Commun (Camb). 2010 Sep 20. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20852803.
- The Triplet State of fac-Ir(ppy)(3). Hofbeck T, Yersin H. Inorg Chem. 2010
Sep 20. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20853860.
- Mechanistic Studies of the Reaction of
Ir(III) Porphyrin Hydride with 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl to an
Unsupported Ir-Ir Porphyrin Dimer. Lee SY, Cheung CW, Hsu IJ, Chan KS. Inorg Chem. 2010 Sep 17. [Epub ahead of print]
PubMed PMID: 20849073.
- Improved Catalysts for
the Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Isomerization of Primary Allylic Alcohols Based
on Charton Analysis. Mantilli L, Gérard D, Torche S, Besnard C, Mazet C. Chemistry. 2010 Sep 15. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID:
20845413.
- Simple Conjugated Polymers with On-Chain Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes:
Toward Ratiometric Chemodosimeters for Detecting Trace Amounts of Mercury(II).
Shi HF, Liu SJ, Sun HB, Xu WJ, An ZF, Chen J, Sun S, Lu XM, Zhao Q, Huang W. Chemistry. 2010 Sep 14. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20839372.
- Photophysical
Properties of the Series fac- and
mer-(1-Phenylisoquinolinato-N(?)C(2'))(x)(2-phenylpyridinato-N(?)C(2'))(3-x)Iridi
um(III) (x = 1-3) (61?). Deaton JC, Young RH, Lenhard JR, Rajeswaran M, Huo S. Inorg Chem. 2010 Sep 14. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
PMID: 20839842.
- Coating of tips for electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy
by means of silicon, magnesium, and tungsten oxides. Salerno M. Rev Sci Instrum. 2010
Sep;81(9):093703. PubMed PMID: 20886983.
- High Dose Rate Brachytherapy
in the Treatment of cervical cancer: preliminary experience with cobalt 60
Radionuclide source-A Prospective Study. Ntekim A, Adenipekun A, Akinlade B, Campbell O. Clin Med Insights Oncol. 2010 Aug
19;4:89-94. PubMed PMID: 20838638; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2934612.
- Kitaev-Heisenberg model on a honeycomb
lattice: possible exotic phases in iridium oxides A2IrO3. Chaloupka J, Jackeli G, Khaliullin G. Phys Rev Lett. 2010 Jul
9;105(2):027204. Epub 2010 Jul 9. PubMed PMID: 20867736.
- Italian network for human
biomonitoring of metals: preliminary results from two Regions. Bocca B, Mattei D, Pino A, Alimonti A. Ann Ist Super
Sanita. 2010;46(3):259-65. PubMed PMID: 20847458.
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Recent Research & Development for Tellurium
- Multi-metal(loid) methylation in methanoarchaea is linked to central intermediates of methanogenesis.
Thomas F, Diaz-Bone RA, Wuerfel O, Huber B, Weidenbach K, Schmitz RA, Hensel R.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Oct 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22003009
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Synthesis, structure, and bonding of orthorhombic r(5)au(2)te(2) (R = lu, ho, dy, y). Electronic structure of the binary parent valence compound eu(5)as(4).
Chai P, Corbett JD.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Nov 7;50(21):10949-55. Epub 2011 Oct 12.
PMID:
21991925
[PubMed - in process]
- Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Protects Escherichia coli from Tellurite-Mediated Oxidative Stress.
Sandoval JM, Arenas FA, Vásquez CC.
PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e25573. Epub 2011 Sep 30.
PMID:
21984934
[PubMed - in process]
- Microbial processing of tellurium as a tool in biotechnology.
Turner RJ, Borghese R, Zannoni D.
Biotechnol Adv. 2011 Sep 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21907273
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Measurement of the ?? Decay Half-Life of ^{130}Te with the NEMO-3 Detector.
Arnold R, Augier C, Baker J, Barabash AS, Basharina-Freshville A, Blondel S, Bongrand M, Broudin-Bay G, Brudanin V, Caffrey AJ, Chapon A, Chauveau E, Durand D, Egorov V, Flack R, Garrido X, Grozier J, Guillon B, Hubert P, Hugon C, Jackson CM, Jullian S, Kauer M, Klimenko A, Kochetov O, Konovalov SI, Kovalenko V, Lalanne D, Lamhamdi T, Lang K, Liptak Z, Lutter G, Mamedov F, Marquet Ch, Martin-Albo J, Mauger F, Mott J, Nachab A, Nemchenok I, Nguyen CH, Nova F, Novella P, Ohsumi H, Pahlka RB, Perrot F, Piquemal F, Reyss JL, Richards B, Ricol JS, Saakyan R, Sarazin X, Simard L, Simkovic F, Shitov Y, Smolnikov A, Söldner-Rembold S, Stekl I, Suhonen J, Sutton CS, Szklarz G, Thomas J, Timkin V, Torre S, Tretyak VI, Umatov V, Vála L, Vanyushin I, Vasiliev V, Vorobel V, Vylov Ts, Zukauskas A; NEMO-3 Collaboration.
Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Aug 5;107(6):062504. Epub 2011 Aug 4.
PMID:
21902318
[PubMed - in process]
- Synthesis and characterization of wurtzite ZnTe nanorods with controllable aspect ratios.
Zhang J, Jin S, Fry HC, Peng S, Shevchenko E, Wiederrecht GP, Rajh T.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Oct 5;133(39):15324-7. Epub 2011 Sep 12.
PMID:
21899348
[PubMed - in process]
- A homometallic tricapped cubane cluster: [(Cp*Mo)4B4H4(?4-BH)3] (Cp* = ?5-C5Me5).
Thakur A, Sahoo S, Ghosh S.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Sep 5;50(17):7940-2. Epub 2011 Aug 11.
PMID:
21834507
[PubMed - in process]
- Selective antimicrobial activity associated with sulfur nanoparticles.
Schneider T, Baldauf A, Ba LA, Jamier V, Khairan K, Sarakbi MB, Reum N, Schneider M, Röseler A, Becker K, Burkholz T, Winyard PG, Kelkel M, Diederich M, Jacob C.
J Biomed Nanotechnol. 2011 Jun;7(3):395-405.
PMID:
21830480
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- Semiconductor detectors allow low-dose-low-dose 1-day SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging.
Nkoulou R, Pazhenkottil AP, Kuest SM, Ghadri JR, Wolfrum M, Husmann L, Fiechter M, Buechel RR, Herzog BA, Koepfli P, Burger C, Gaemperli O, Kaufmann PA.
J Nucl Med. 2011 Aug;52(8):1204-9.
PMID:
21810589
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- CsTe2O(6-x): novel mixed-valence tellurium oxides with framework-deficient pyrochlore-related structure.
Siritanon T, Li J, Stalick JK, Macaluso RT, Sleight AW, Subramanian MA.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Sep 5;50(17):8494-501. Epub 2011 Jul 27.
PMID:
21793494
[PubMed - in process]
- Bioactivity of the conjugation of green-emitting CdTe quantum dots with a carborane complex.
Wu C, Shi L, Li Q, Zhao J, Selke M, Yan H, Wang X.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2011 Apr;11(4):3091-9.
PMID:
21776675
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- Isolation and characterization of an environmental cadmium- and tellurite-resistant Pseudomonas strain.
Chien CC, Jiang MH, Tsai MR, Chien CC.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2011 Oct;30(10):2202-7. doi: 10.1002/etc.620. Epub 2011 Aug 10.
PMID:
21766319
[PubMed - in process]
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Gu Z, Yang S, Li Z, Sun X, Wang G, Fang Y, Liu J.
Anal Chim Acta. 2011 Sep 2;701(1):75-80. Epub 2011 Jul 4.
PMID:
21763811
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- Synchronous determination of mercury (II) and copper (II) based on quantum dots-multilayer film.
Ma Q, Ha E, Yang F, Su X.
Anal Chim Acta. 2011 Sep 2;701(1):60-5. Epub 2011 Jun 17.
PMID:
21763809
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- Procedure-Controlled Selective Synthesis of 5-Acyl-2-iminothiazolines and their Selenium and Tellurium Derivatives by Convergent Tandem Annulation.
Wang Y, Zhang WX, Wang Z, Xi Z.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 Jul 14. doi: 10.1002/anie.201101948. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
21761522
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Synthesis, structures and ab initio studies of selenium and tellurium bis(carbodithioates and carbothioates).
Kato S, Tani K, Ishida M, Nonogaki J, Ebihara M, Hayashi S, Nakanishi W, Niyomura O, Ando F, Koketsu J.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Aug 28;40(32):8156-69. Epub 2011 Jul 13.
PMID:
21750832
[PubMed - in process]
- Electrical bistability in self-assembled hybrid multilayers of phospholipid and nanoparticles.
Yuan B, Hu SX, Lu NY, Xu F, Zhou K, Ma YQ, Li M.
Nanotechnology. 2011 Aug 5;22(31):315303. Epub 2011 Jul 12.
PMID:
21747161
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- Organomercury(II) and tellurium(II) compounds with the "pincer" ligand 2,6-[O(CH2CH2)2NCH2]2C6H3--stabilization of an unusual organotellurium(II) cationic species.
Beleaga A, Bojan VR, Pöllnitz A, Rat CI, Silvestru C.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Sep 21;40(35):8830-8. Epub 2011 Jul 11.
PMID:
21743935
[PubMed - in process]
- Differentiation between the motor and sensory fascicles of the peripheral nerves from adult rats using annexin V-CdTe-conjugated polymer.
Meng X, Lu L, Wang H, Liu B.
Neurol India. 2011 May-Jun;59(3):333-8.
PMID:
21743158
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- Tellurium tetrachloride and diphenyl ditelluride cause cytotoxicity in rat hippocampal astrocytes.
Roy S, Hardej D.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Oct;49(10):2564-74. Epub 2011 Jul 1.
PMID:
21742007
[PubMed - in process]
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