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3-(2-Pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-p,p'-disulfonic Acid Monosodium Salt Hydrate
4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzenedisulfonic Acid, Disodium Salt Monohydrate
Aluminum Sodium Sulfate
Amaranth
Ammonium Disodium Amminepentacyanoferrate(II) Hydrate
Ammonium Disodium Pentacyanoammineferrate Dihydrate
Barium Sodium Niobium Oxide
Bathocuproine Sulfonated Sodium Salt
Bathophenanthroline Sulfonated
Bordeaux
Brilliant Ponceau
Bromcresol Green Solution
Bromcresol Purple Solution
Bromphenol Blue Solution
Bromthymol Blue Solution
Chlorophyllin Sodium Copper Salt
Chlorotris[(3,3',3''-phosphinidynetris(benzenesulfonato)] rhodium(I) Nonasodium Salt Hydrate
Copper Phthalocyanine-3,4',4",4"'-tetrasulfonic Acid Tetrasodium Salt
Cresol Red Solution
Diammonium Sodium Hexanitrorhodate(III)
Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid Iron(III) Disodium Salt Hydrate
Disodium Dihydrogen Ethylenediaminetetraacetate Dihydrate
Disodium Dihydrogen Ethylenediaminetetraacetate Solution
Disodium Magnesium Ethylenediaminetetraacetate
Disodium tetracarbonylferrate Dioxane Complex
Eosin Y
Eriochrome Black T
Eriochrome Blue Black R
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Copper(II) Disodium Salt
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Ferric Sodium Salt
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid iron(III) Sodium Salt Hydrate
Fast Sulphon Black F
Gold(I) Sodium Cyanide
Gold(I) Sodium Thiosulfate Hydrate
Iron(III) Phthalocyanine-4,4',4'',4'''-tetrasulfonic Acid,Compound with Oxygen Monosodium Salt Hydrate
Mercury Dibromofluorescein Disodium Salt
Methyl Orange Solution
Methyl Red Solution
Naphthol Blue Black
Naphthol Green B
Naphthylazoxine S
Nickel(II) phthalocyanine-tetrasulfonic Acid Tetrasodium Salt
Phenol Red Solution
Potassium Sodium
Potassium Sodium L-tartrate Tetrahydrate
Resazurin Sodium Salt
Snazoxs
Sodium (meta)arsenite
Sodium 2 - Ethylhexanoate
Sodium 2-furyldimethylsilanolate
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulfonate
Sodium 35 Chloride Isotope
Sodium Borodeuteride
Sodium Borohydride/Magnesium Hydride
Sodium 79 Bromide Isotope
Sodium 81 Bromide Isotope
Sodium Acetate
Sodium Acetate Solution
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate
Sodium Acetate, Anhydrous
Sodium Acetylacetonate
Sodium Acetylide
Sodium Aluminosilicate Hydrate
Sodium Aluminum Hydride
Sodium Aluminum Hydride Solution
Sodium Amide
Sodium Ammonium Phosphate
Sodium Arsenate
Sodium Arsenate Heptahydrate
Sodium Arsenite
Sodium Arsenyl Tartrate Hydrate
Sodium Aurothiomalate(I)
Sodium Azide
Sodium Benzoate
Sodium Benzyloxide Solution
Sodium Bicarbonate
Sodium Bifluoride
Sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide Solution
Sodium bis-(trimethylsilyl)amide
Sodium Bismuth Oxide
Sodium Bismuthate
Sodium Bisulfate Monohydrate
Sodium Bisulfite
Sodium Bitartrate Monohydrate
Sodium Borohydride Caplets
Sodium Borohydride Granules
Sodium Borohydride Particles
Sodium Borohydride Pellets
Sodium Borohydride Powder
Sodium Borohydride Solution
Sodium Bromate
Sodium Bromide
Sodium Bromide, Ultra Dry
Sodium Carbonate
Sodium Carbonate Decahydrate
Sodium Carbonate Monohydrate
Sodium Carbonate, Anhydrous
Sodium Chlorate
Sodium Chloride
Sodium Chloride, Ultra Dry
Sodium Chloride Solution
Sodium Chlorite
Sodium Cholesteryl Sulfate
Sodium Chloroplatinate
Sodium Chromate
Sodium Citrate Dihydrate
Sodium Cobaltinitrite
Sodium Cubes
Sodium Cyanide
Sodium Cyanoborohydride Reagent Grade
Sodium Cyanoborohydride Solution
Sodium Cyclohexanebutyrate
Sodium Dibudinate
Sodium Dibunate
Sodium Dichromate Dihydrate
Sodium Diethyldithiocarbamate
Sodium Diethyldithiocarbamate Trihydrate
Sodium Dimethylglyoxime
Sodium Dimethylphenylsilanolate Hydrate
Sodium Diphenylamine-4-sulfonate
Sodium Dithionite
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
Sodium Ethanethiolate
Sodium Ethoxide
Sodium Ferrocyanide Decahydrate
Sodium Fluoride
Sodium Fluoroborate
Sodium Fluorophosphate
Sodium Formate
Sodium Gluconate
Sodium Hexabromoiridate(IV)
Sodium Hexabromoosmiate(IV)
Sodium Hexabromoplatinate(IV) Hexahydrate
Sodium Hexabromorhodate(III) Hydrate
Sodium Hexachloroiridate(III) Hydrate
Sodium Hexachloroiridate(IV) Hexahydrate
Sodium Hexachloroosmiate(IV) Dihydrate
Sodium Hexachloropalladate(IV) Hydrate
Sodium Hexachloroplatinate(IV) Hexahydrate
Sodium Hexachlororhodate(III) Dodecahydrate
Sodium Hexachloroiridate Hexahydrate
Sodium hexafluoroacetylacetonate
Sodium Hexafluoroantimonate(V)
Sodium Hexafluoroaluminate
Sodium Hexafluoroarsenate(V)
Sodium Hexafluoroferrate(III)
Sodium Hexafluorophosphate
Sodium Hexahydroxyplatinate(IV)
Sodium Hexaiodoplatinate(IV) Hexahydrate
Sodium Hexanitritocobaltate(III)
Sodium Hexanitroiridate(III)
Sodium Hydride
Sodium Hydrogen Arsenate Heptahydrate
Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate
Sodium Hydrogencyanamide
Sodium Hydrogen Periodate
Sodium Hydrogen Phosphate
Sodium Hydrogen Phosphate Heptahydrate
Sodium Hydrogen Sulfate
Sodium Hydrosulfide Hydrate
Sodium Hydroxide Solution
Sodium Hydroxide, Anhydrous
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution
Sodium Hypophosphite Monohydrate
Sodium Iodate
Sodium Iodide
Sodium Iodide, Ultra Dry
Sodium Iodide Hydrate
Sodium L-(+)-tartrate Dihydrate
Sodium Meta Periodate
Sodium Meta Vanadate
Sodium Metabisulfite
Sodium Metaborate Octahydrate
Sodium Metaborate Tetrahydrate
Sodium Metasilicate Anhydrous
Sodium Metasilicate Nonahydrate
Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate
Sodium Metatitanate
Sodium Metatungstate Hydrate
Sodium Metavanadate Hydrate
Sodium Methoxide
Sodium Molybdate
Sodium Molybdenum Oxide, Anhydrous
Sodium Niobium Oxide
Sodium Nitrate
Sodium Nitrate Solution
Sodium Nitride
Sodium Nitrite
Sodium Nitroferricyanide(III) Dihydrate
Sodium Nitroprusside Dihydrate
Sodium Octoate
Sodium Orthovanadate
Sodium Oxalate
Sodium Oxide
Sodium Oxide Nanopowder
Sodium Oxide Particles
Sodium Oxide Pellets
Sodium Oxide Pieces
Sodium Oxide Powder
Sodium Oxide Shot
Sodium Oxide Sputtering Target
Sodium Oxide Tablets
Sodium Pentacyanonitrosylferrate(III) Dihydrate
Sodium Perborate, Monohydrate
Sodium Perborate Tetrahydrate
Sodium Percarbonate
Sodium Perchlorate Anyhydrous
Sodium Perchlorate, Hydrate
Sodium Perchlorate Monohydrate
Sodium Permanganate Monohydrate
Sodium Permanganate Solution
Sodium Peroxide
Sodium Perrhenate
Sodium Persulfate
Sodium Phosphate
Sodium Phosphate Dibasic
Sodium Phosphate Monobasic Anhydrous
Sodium Phosphate Monobasic Monohydrate
Sodium Phosphate Tribasic Anhydrous
Sodium Phosphate Tribasic Dodecahydrate
Sodium Phosphide
Sodium Phosphomolybdate Hydrate
Sodium Phosphotungstate Dibasic Hydrate
Sodium Polyphosphate
Sodium Pyrophosphate Decahydrate
Sodium Pyrophosphate Tetrabasic
Sodium Salicylate
Sodium Selenate
Sodium Selenite
Sodium Silicofluoride
Sodium Stannate Trihydrate
Sodium Sulfanilate Dihydrate
Sodium Sulfate
Sodium Sulfate Anhydrous
Sodium Sulfate Decahydrate
Sodium Sulfate Solution
Sodium Sulfide Nonahydrate
Sodium Sulfite
Sodium Tantalate
Sodium Tartrate Dihydrate
Sodium Tellurate
Sodium Telluride
Sodium Tellurite
Sodium Tetraborate Decahydrate
Sodium Tetraborate, Anhydrous
Sodium Tetrabromoaurate(III) Hydrate
Sodium Tetrabromopalladate(II)
Sodium Tetrachloroaluminate
Sodium Tetrachloroaurate(III) Dihydrate
Sodium Tetrachloroaurate(III) Hydrate
Sodium Tetrachloropalladate(II)
Sodium Tetrachloropalladate(II) Hydrate
Sodium Tetracyanoplatinate(II) Hydrate
Sodium Tetraethylborate
Sodium Tetrakis(4-fluorophenyl)borate Dihydrate
Sodium Tetraphenylborate
Sodium Thioantimonate(V) Nonahydrate
Sodium Thiocyanate
Sodium Thiosulfate Anhydrous
Sodium Thiosulfate Pentahydrate
Sodium Thiosulfate Solution
Sodium Titanate
Sodium Triacetoxyborohydride
Sodium Triethylborohydride Solution
Sodium Trifluoromethanesulfonate
Sodium Trimethoxyborohydride Technical Grade
Sodium Tungstate
Sodium Tungsten Oxide Dihydrate
Spadns
Thymol Blue Solution
Tris(bathophenanthrolinedisulfonate)ruthenium(II) Solution Sodium Salt
Xylenol Orange Solution
Sodium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.

Sodium Bohr ModelSodium is primarily used in its metallic form in the production of chemical esters and in the manufacturing of various other organic compounds. The metal is used in the alloy of tin, nickel and copper for its structural characteristics. Sodium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. High purity sodium compounds are used as reducing agents. Sodium compounds are used in low tech applications throughout industry.

  Hydrogen                                 Helium
  Lithium Beryllium                     Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
  Sodium Magnesium                     Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
  Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Hydrogen Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
  Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
  Cesium Barium Cerium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
  Francium Radium Actinium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Ununquadium Ununpentium Ununhexium Ununseptium Ununoctium
                                     
      Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium    
      Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawerencium    


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Sodium facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are available for many specific states, forms and shapes on the product pages listed to the left. Elemental or metallic forms include pellets, rod, wire and granules for evaporation source material purposes. Nanoparticles and nanopowders provide ultra high surface area which nanotechnology research and recent experiments demonstrate function to create new and unique properties and benefits.

High Purity (99.999%) sodium Oxide (NaO2)PowderOxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Sodium is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries.

Sodium is a Block S, Group 1, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Sodium's shells is 2, 8, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s1. In its elemental form sodium's CAS number is 7440-23-5. The sodium atom has a radius of 185.8.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 227.pm.

All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, thin fillm deposition using sputtering targets and High Purity Sodium Chlorideevaporation materials, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology applications. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic Sodium compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis.

Sodium was first discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1807. The name Sodium comes from the Latin word "natrium" which means sodium carbonate.
French sodium German Natrium Italiansodio Portuguese Sódio Spanish sodio Swedish Natrium


Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of sodium and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.
Isotope Atomic Mass % Abundance on Earth
Na-23 22.9897697 100


The following table shows the abundance of Sodium present in the human body and in the universe scaled to parts per billion (ppb) by weight and by atom:
  Typical Human Body Universe
by Weight 1400000 ppb 20000 ppb
by Atom 380000 ppb 1000 ppb


Safety Data and Biological Role. The safety data for sodium metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin. Sodium compounds have vital biological role as the sodium cation is the main extracellular cation in animals and is important for nerve function.

Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for sodium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:
1st Ionization Energy 495.85 kJ mol-1
2nd Ionization Energy 4562.48 kJ mol-1
3rd Ionization Energy 6910.33 kJ mol-1


Conductivity. As to sodium's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured as to electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 4.2 μΩcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 0.93. The thermal conductivity of sodium is 141 W m-1 K-1.

Thermal Properties. The melting point and boiling point for sodium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.
Heat of Fusion 2.64 kJ mol-1
Heat of Vaporization 99.2 kJ mol-1
Heat of Atomization 107.566 kJ mol-1


Recent Research & Development for Sodium
  • Evaluation of analgesic efficacy of bromfenac sodium ophthalmic solution 0.09% versus ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution 0.5% following LASEK or Epi-LASIK. Wang XJ, Wong SH, Givergis R, Chynn EW. Clin Ophthalmol. 2011;5:1451-7. Epub 2011 Oct 7. PMID: 22034570 [PubMed - in process]

  • Risk of Poor Outcomes with Novel and Traditional Biomarkers at Clinical AKI Diagnosis. Hall IE, Coca SG, Perazella MA, Eko UU, Luciano RL, Peter PR, Han WK, Parikh CR. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Oct 27. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22034509 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Chemoenzymatic synthesis of homogeneous ultralow molecular weight heparins. Xu Y, Masuko S, Takieddin M, Xu H, Liu R, Jing J, Mousa SA, Linhardt RJ, Liu J. Science. 2011 Oct 28;334(6055):498-501. PMID: 22034431 [PubMed - in process]

  • Association between the lack of teeth and the expression of myosins in masticatory muscles of microphthalmic mouse. Nariyama M, Kota Y, Kaneko S, Asada Y, Yamane A. Cell Biochem Funct. 2011 Oct 27. doi: 10.1002/cbf.1821. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22034127 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Serum Calcium Concentration Affects Signal Changes on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Hypoglycemic Encephalopathy. Koh E, Tsai LK, Hong CT. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011 Oct 27. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22033722 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Severe case and literature review of primary erythromelalgia: Novel SCN9A gene mutation. Skeik N, Rooke TW, Davis MD, Davis DM, Kalsi H, Kurth I, Richardson RC. Vasc Med. 2011 Oct 27. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22033523 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Selenium homeostasis and induction of thioredoxin reductase during long term selenite supplementation in the rat. Erkhembayar S, Mollbrink A, Eriksson M, Larsen EH, Eriksson LC. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2011 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22033016 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • The effect of hydroxyapatite presence on the degree of conversion and polymerization rate in a model self-etching adhesive. Zhang Y, Wang Y. Dent Mater. 2011 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22032933 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Relationship between sodium intake and sleep apnea in patients with heart failure. Kasai T, Arcand J, Allard JP, Mak S, Azevedo ER, Newton GE, Bradley TD. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011 Nov 1;58(19):1970-4. PMID: 22032708 [PubMed - in process]

  • Transcription of detoxification genes after permethrin selection in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Suarez AF, Salas IF, Strode C, Ranson H, Hemingway J, Black Iv WC. Insect Mol Biol. 2011 Oct 27. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2011.01113.x. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22032702 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Reactive Aldehyde Metabolites from the Anti-HIV Drug Abacavir: Amino Acid Adducts as Possible Factors in Abacavir Toxicity. Charneira C, Godinho AL, Oliveira MC, Pereira SA, Monteiro EC, Marques MM, Antunes AM. Chem Res Toxicol. 2011 Oct 27. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22032494 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • The effectiveness of intensive nursing care on seasonal variation of blood pressure in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Quan L, Dong J, Li Y, Zuo L. J Adv Nurs. 2011 Oct 27. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05833.x. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22032423 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Short communication: Addition of varying amounts of sodium bicarbonate to colostrum replacer: Effects on immunoglobulin G absorption and serum bicarbonate in neonatal calves. Cabral RG, Chapman CE, Haines DM, Brito AF, Erickson PS. J Dairy Sci. 2011 Nov;94(11):5656-60. PMID: 22032388 [PubMed - in process]

  • Plasma potassium-lowering effect of oral glucose, sodium bicarbonate, and the combination thereof in healthy neonatal dairy calves. Grünberg W, Hartmann H, Burfeind O, Heuwieser W, Staufenbiel R. J Dairy Sci. 2011 Nov;94(11):5646-55. PMID: 22032387 [PubMed - in process]

  • Effect of method of delivery of sodium butyrate on rumen development in newborn calves. Górka P, Kowalski ZM, Pietrzak P, Kotunia A, Jagusiak W, Holst JJ, Guilloteau P, Zabielski R. J Dairy Sci. 2011 Nov;94(11):5578-88. PMID: 22032381 [PubMed - in process]

  • Effects of partially replacing skimmed milk powder with dairy ingredients on rheology, sensory profiling, and microstructure of probiotic stirred-type yogurt during cold storage. Marafon AP, Sumi A, Granato D, Alcântara MR, Tamime AY, Nogueira de Oliveira M. J Dairy Sci. 2011 Nov;94(11):5330-40. PMID: 22032355 [PubMed - in process]

  • Bio-based nanocomposite coating to preserve quality of Fior di latte cheese. Gammariello D, Conte A, Buonocore GG, Del Nobile MA. J Dairy Sci. 2011 Nov;94(11):5298-304. PMID: 22032352 [PubMed - in process]

  • Sodium alginate as an ideal submucosal injection material for endoscopic submucosal resection: preliminary experimental and clinical study. Akagi T, Yasuda K, Tajima M, Suzuki K, Inomata M, Shiraishi N, Sato Y, Kitano S. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011 Nov;74(5):1026-32. PMID: 22032316 [PubMed - in process]

  • An Observational Prospective Study of Topical Acidified Nitrite for Killing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Contaminated Wounds. Ormerod AD, Shah AA, Li H, Benjamin NB, Ferguson GP, Leifert C. BMC Res Notes. 2011 Oct 27;4(1):458. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22032298 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • [Determination of three sweeteners in vinegars by solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry]. Yin F, Ding Z, Cao X, Gao J, Jiang D, Kuang D, Gu Y, He G. Se Pu. 2011 Jun;29(6):554-7. Chinese. PMID: 22032168 [PubMed - in process]



  • Formula Atomic Number Molecular Weight Electronegativity (Pauling) Density Melting Point Boiling Point Vanderwaals radius Ionic radius Energy of first ionization
    Na 11 22.98977 g.mol -1 0.9 0.97 g.cm-3 at 20 °C 97.5 °C 883 °C 227.pm 0.095 (+1) nm 495.85 kJ.mol-1

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