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Lithium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.

Lithium is a member of the alkali group of metals. It has the highest specific heat of any material and the highest electrochemical potential. This makes it important in applications involving heat transfer and as the anode in batteries. Lithium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Lithium is a dopant in advanced optical glass. It is used as an alloy in light weight metals. Lithium stearate is a common high temperature lubricant.

Lithium facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are

 

  Hydrogen                                 Helium
  Lithium Beryllium                     Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
  Sodium Magnesium                     Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
  Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Hydrogen Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
  Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
  Cesium Barium Cerium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
                                     
      Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium    
      Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawerencium    


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available for many specific states, forms and shapes on the product pages listed to the left. Elemental or metallic forms include pellets, rod, wire and granules for evaporation source material purposes. Nanoparticles and nanopowders provide ultra high surface area which nanotechnology research and recent experiments demonstrate function to create new and unique properties and benefits.

Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Lithium is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries.

Lithium is a Block S, Group 1, Period 2 element. The electronic configuration is [He] 2s1. In its elemental form lithium's CAS number is 7439-93-2. The lithium atom has a radius of 152.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 182.pm.

All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology advantages. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic Lithium compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis.

Lithium was first discovered by Johann Arvedson in 1817.

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Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of lithium and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.

Isotope
Atomic Mass
% Abundance on Earth
Li-6
6.0151223
7.5
Li-7
7.0160040
92.5

Safety Data. The safety data for lithium metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin.

Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for lithium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:

1st Ionization Energy
520.23 kJ mol-1
2nd Ionization Energy
7298.22 kJ mol-1
3rd Ionization Energy
11815.13 kJ mol-1

Conductivity. As to lithium's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured as to electrical resistivity @ 20 şC is 8.55 μΩcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 0.98. The thermal conductivity of lithium is 84.7 W m-1 K-1.

Thermal Properties. The melting point and boiling point for lithium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.

Heat of Fusion
4.6 kJ mol-1
Heat of Vaporization
147.7 kJ mol-1
Heat of Atomization
157.8 kJ mol-1

 
Formula Atomic Number Molecular Weight Electronegativity (Pauling) Density Melting Point
Boiling Point
Vanderwaals radius
Ionic radius Energy of first ionization
Li 3 6.941 g.mol -1 1.0 0.53 g.cm-3 at 20 °C 180.5 °C 1342 °C 182.pm 0.06 nm 520.23 kJ.mol-1

PRODUCT CATALOG U.S. Operations Submicron & Nanopowder Tolling Ultra High Purity Sputtering Target Crystal Growth Rod, Plate, Powder, etc. Foil
 
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Recent Research & Development for Lithium

  • Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV is a target gene of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Arrázola MS, Varela-Nallar L, Colombres M, Toledo EM, Cruzat F, Pavez L, Assar R, Aravena A, González M, Montecino M, Maass A, Martínez S, Inestrosa NC. J Cell Physiol. 2009 Aug 26. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19711354 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • A study of cardiovascular function under controlled and spontaneous ventilation in isoflurane-medetomidine anaesthetized horses. Kalchofner KS, Picek S, Ringer SK, Jackson M, Hässig M, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2009 Sep;36(5):426-35. PMID: 19709046 [PubMed - in process]

  • Facile synthesis of 1,1-difluoroallenes via the difluorovinylidenation of aldehydes and ketones. Yokota M, Fuchibe K, Ueda M, Mayumi Y, Ichikawa J. Org Lett. 2009 Sep 3;11(17):3994-7. PMID: 19708707 [PubMed - in process]

  • Electric conductivity of aqueous solutions of poly(anetholesulfonic acid) and its alkaline salts. Lipar-Ostir I, Zalar P, Bester-Rogac M, Pohar C, Vlachy V. J Phys Chem B. 2009 Mar 5;113(9):2705-11. PMID: 19708207 [PubMed - in process]

  • The equivalent of a thallium binding residue from an archeal homolog controls cation interactions in brain glutamate transporters. Teichman S, Qu S, Kanner BI. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Aug 25;106(34):14297-302. Epub 2009 Aug 11. PMID: 19706515 [PubMed - in process]

  • Double-shelled nanocapsules of V2O5-based composites as high-performance anode and cathode materials for Li ion batteries. Liu J, Xia H, Xue D, Lu L. J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Sep 2;131(34):12086-7. PMID: 19705911 [PubMed - in process]

  • Evaluation of the effects of propylisopropylacetic acid (PIA) on neuronal growth cone morphology. Shimshoni JA, Dalton EC, Watson P, Boris Y, Bialer M, Harwood AJ. Neuropharmacology. 2009 Mar;56(4):831-7. PMID: 19705552 [PubMed - in process]

  • Lithium treatment elongates primary cilia in the mouse brain and in cultured cells. Miyoshi K, Kasahara K, Miyazaki I, Asanuma M. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Aug 21. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19703416 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • [Relapse rate within 6 months after successful ECT: A naturalistic prospective peer- and self-assessment analysis.] Rehor G, Conca A, Schlotter W, Vonthein R, Bork S, Bode R, Hüll M, Plewnia C, Di Pauli J, Prapotnik M, Peters O, Peters J, Eschweiler GW. Neuropsychiatr. 2009;23(3):157-63. German. PMID: 19703381 [PubMed - in process]

  • Psychotropic Medications and the Treatment of Human Prion Diseases. Appleby BS. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2009 Nov 1. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19702575 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Modeling Dinitrogen Activation by Lithium: A Mechanistic Investigation of the Cleavage of N(2) by Stepwise Insertion into Small Lithium Clusters. Roy D, Navarro-Vazquez A, Schleyer PV. J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Aug 24. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19702311 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Lithium Phenolates Solvated by Tetrahydrofuran and 1,2-Dimethoxyethane: Structure Determination Using the Method of Continuous Variation. De Vries TS, Goswami A, Liou LR, Gruver JM, Jayne E, Collum DB. J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Aug 24. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19702308 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Blinding in clozapine trials: a problem and a potential solution. Wohlfarth T, Linszen D, Van Den Brink W. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2009 Sep;18(3):185-8. PMID: 19701925 [PubMed - in process]

  • Differences in psychotropic drug prescriptions among ethnic groups in the Netherlands. Wittkampf LC, Smeets HM, Knol MJ, Geerlings MI, Braam AW, De Wit NJ. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2009 Aug 22. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19701593 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Aneuploid chromosomes are highly unstable during DNA transformation of Candida albicans. Bouchonville K, Forche A, Tang KE, Selmecki A, Berman J. Eukaryot Cell. 2009 Aug 21. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19700634 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • The effects of subchronic lithium administration in male Wistar mice on some biochemical parameters. Nciri R, Allagui MS, Vincent C, Croute F, Elfeki A. Acta Biol Hung. 2009 Sep;60(3):273-80. PMID: 19700386 [PubMed - in process]

  • Cost-effectiveness of quetiapine plus mood stabilizers compared with mood stabilizers alone in the maintenance therapy of bipolar I disorder: results of a Markov model analysis. Fajutrao L, Paulsson B, Liu S, Locklear J. Clin Ther. 2009 Jun;31(Pt 1):1456-68. PMID: 19698903 [PubMed - in process]

  • [Molecular-targeted therapy for motor neuron disease] Banno H, Katsuno M, Suzuki K, Iguchi Y, Adachi H, Tanaka F, Sobue G. Brain Nerve. 2009 Aug;61(8):891-900. Japanese. PMID: 19697878 [PubMed - in process]

  • The expert consensus guideline series: adherence problems in patients with serious and persistent mental illness. Velligan DI, Weiden PJ, Sajatovic M, Scott J, Carpenter D, Ross R, Docherty JP; Expert Consensus Panel on Adherence Problems in Serious and Persistent Mental Illness. J Clin Psychiatry. 2009;70 Suppl 4:1-46; quiz 47-8. Review. PMID: 19686636 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

  • In Vitro Interaction of Lithium on Phospholipids in Human Erythrocytes. Sankiewicz A, Gorodkiewicz E, Figaszewski Z. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2008 Jul;18(6):515-517. Epub 2008 Jun 23. PMID: 19696941 [PubMed]

 

 

 

 

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