Helium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
 Helium is a Block S, Group 18, Period 1 element. The number of electrons in each of Helium's shells is 2 and its electronic configuration is 1s2. In its elemental form helium's CAS number is 7440-59-7. The helium atom has a radius of 140.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 120.pm. Helium is not toxic.
Helium was discovered by Pierre Jules César Janssen and Sir William Ramsay in 1868.
 Hélium |
 Helium |
 Elio |
 Hélio |
 Helio |
 Helium |
Helium Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of helium and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.
| Isotope |
Atomic Mass |
% Abundance on Earth |
| He-3 |
3.016029310 |
0.01 |
| He-4 |
4.002603250 |
99.99 |
The following table shows the abundance of Helium present in the human body and in the universe scaled to parts per billion (ppb) by weight and by atom:
| |
Typical Human Body |
Universe |
| by Weight |
no data |
230000000 ppb |
| by Atom |
no data |
72000000 ppb |
Helium Safety Data and Biological Role. The safety data for helium metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin. Helium compounds have no biological role.
Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for helium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:
| 1st Ionization Energy |
708.58 kJ mol-1 |
| 2nd Ionization Energy |
1411.81 kJ mol-1 |
| 3rd Ionization Energy |
2943.07 kJ mol-1 |
Conductivity. As to helium's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured in terms of electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is - µOcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is -. The thermal conductivity of helium is 0.155 W m-1 K-1.
Thermal Properties of Helium. The melting point and boiling point for helium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.
| Heat of Fusion |
0.021 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat of Vaporization |
0.082 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat of Atomization |
0 kJ mol-1 |
Recent Research & Development for Helium
Spectroscopic observation of jet-cooled 2-fluoro-m-xylyl radical.
Yoon YW, Lee SK.
J Chem Phys. 2012 Jan 14;136(2):024309.
PMID:
22260581
[PubMed - in process]
A transmission electron microscopy study of the effect of interfaces on bubble formation in he-implanted cu-nb multilayers.
Bhattacharyya D, Demkowicz MJ, Wang YQ, Baumer RE, Nastasi M, Misra A.
Microsc Microanal. 2012 Feb;18(1):152-61.
PMID:
22258724
[PubMed - in process]
Ensuring minimal humidity levels in hermetic implant housings.
Schuettler M, Schatz A, Ordonez JS, Stieglitz T.
Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2011 Aug;2011:2296-9.
PMID:
22254800
[PubMed - in process]
The large hadron collider.
Evans L.
Philos Transact A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2012 Feb 28;370(1961):831-58.
PMID:
22253239
[PubMed - in process]
[Cryoablation - back again?].
Isfort P, Penzkofer T, Mahnken AH.
Radiologe. 2012 Jan;52(1):29-37. German.
PMID:
22249699
[PubMed - in process]
Mesoporous Carbon / Zirconia Composites: A Potential Route to Chemically-Functionalized Electrically-Conductive Mesoporous Materials.
Oh JM, Kumbhar A, Geiculescu O, Creager S.
Langmuir. 2012 Jan 13. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22248432
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effect of Carrier Gas Properties on Aerosol Distribution in a CT-based Human Airway Numerical Model.
Miyawaki S, Tawhai MH, Hoffman EA, Lin CL.
Ann Biomed Eng. 2012 Jan 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22246469
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Dynamical theory of superfluidity in one dimension.
Eggel T, Cazalilla MA, Oshikawa M.
Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Dec 30;107(27):275302. Epub 2011 Dec 28.
PMID:
22243315
[PubMed - in process]
Efficient clocked electron transfer on superfluid helium.
Bradbury FR, Takita M, Gurrieri TM, Wilkel KJ, Eng K, Carroll MS, Lyon SA.
Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Dec 23;107(26):266803. Epub 2011 Dec 19.
PMID:
22243176
[PubMed - in process]
Observation of a Superfluid Component within Solid Helium.
Lauter H, Apaja V, Kalinin I, Kats E, Koza M, Krotscheck E, Lauter VV, Puchkov AV.
Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Dec 23;107(26):265301. Epub 2011 Dec 22.
PMID:
22243164
[PubMed - in process]
Hydrodynamics of superfluid helium in a single nanohole.
Savard M, Dauphinais G, Gervais G.
Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Dec 16;107(25):254501. Epub 2011 Dec 14.
PMID:
22243081
[PubMed - in process]
Biophysiologic considerations in cryoablation: a practical mechanistic molecular review.
Maccini M, Sehrt D, Pompeo A, Chicoli FA, Molina WR, Kim FJ.
Int Braz J Urol. 2011 Nov;37(6):693-6.
PMID:
22233999
[PubMed - in process]
Product Detection of the CH Radical Reaction with Acetaldehyde.
Goulay F, Trevitt AJ, Savee JD, Bouwman J, Osborn DL, Taatjes CA, Wilson KR, Leone SR.
J Phys Chem A. 2012 Jan 9. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22229734
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Occurrence of psychoactive compounds and their metabolites in groundwater downgradient of a decommissioned sewage farm in Berlin (Germany).
Hass U, Dünnbier U, Massmann G.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2012 Jan 8. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22227832
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Optimization of direct analysis in real time (DART) linear ion trap parameters for the detection and quantitation of glucose.
Saang'onyo DS, Smith DL.
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2012 Feb 15;26(3):385-91. doi: 10.1002/rcm.5316.
PMID:
22223327
[PubMed - in process]
Reduced fragmentation in liquid injection field desorption/ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry by use of helium for the thermalization of molecular ions.
Bernhard Linden H, Gross JH.
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2012 Feb 15;26(3):336-44. doi: 10.1002/rcm.5335.
PMID:
22223321
[PubMed - in process]
Ab initio calculation of structure and transport properties of He…X (X = Zn, Cd, Hg) van der Waals complexes.
Sládek V, Lukeš V, Ilcin M, Biskupic S.
J Comput Chem. 2012 Jan 6. doi: 10.1002/jcc.22904. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22223123
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Peak Nothing: Recent Trends in Mineral Resource Production.
Rustad JR.
Environ Sci Technol. 2012 Jan 5. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22220496
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Generation of soft x-ray and water window harmonics using a few-cycle, phase-locked, optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier.
Ishii N, Adachi S, Nomura Y, Kosuge A, Kobayashi Y, Kanai T, Itatani J, Watanabe S.
Opt Lett. 2012 Jan 1;37(1):97-9. doi: 10.1364/OL.37.000097.
PMID:
22212803
[PubMed - in process]
Respiratory mechanics and results of cytologic examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in healthy adult alpacas.
Pacheco AP, Bedenice D, Mazan MR, Hoffman AM.
Am J Vet Res. 2012 Jan;73(1):146-52.
PMID:
22204301
[PubMed - in process] |
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