American Elements specializes in producing spray dry and non-spray dry high purity Scandium Oxide Powder with the smallest possible average grain sizes for use in preparation of pressed and bonded sputtering targets and in Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) processes including Thermal and Electron Beam (E-Beam) Evaporation, Low Temperature Organic Evaporation, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD), Metallic-Organic and Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD). Powders are also useful in any application where high surface areas are desired such as water treatment and in fuel cell and solar applications. Nanoparticles (See also Nanotechnology Information and Quantum Dots) also produce very high surface areas. Our standard Powder particle sizes average in the range of - 325 mesh, - 100 mesh, 10-50 microns and submicron (< 1 micron) and our spray dried powder with binder provides an extremely narrow particle size distribution (PSD) for use in thermal and plasma spray guns and other coating applications. We can also provide many materials in the nanoscale range. We also produce Scandium Oxide as pellets, pieces, tablets, and sputtering target. Oxide compounds are not conductive to electricity. However, certain perovskite structured oxides are electronically conductive finding application in the cathode of solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen generation systems. See research below. Other shapes are available by request.
Scandium is a Block D, Group 3, Period 4 element. The electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d1 4s2. In its elemental form scandium's CAS number is 7440-20-2. The scandium atom has a radius of 160.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Scandium is a metal that has many of the characteristics of the rare earth elements, particularly yttrium. It is a light material with a higher melting point than aluminum giving uses in aerospace and most recently, in racing bicycles and golf clubs. Doping zirconium oxide with scandium oxide produces a low temperature electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells. Scandium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed here. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included. Scandium was first discovered by Lars Nilson in 1879. |
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Periodic table of the elements science and academic information, elements and advanced materials data, scientific presentations and all pages, designs, concepts, logos, and color schemes herein are the copyrighted proprietary rights and intellectual property of American Elements. American Elements is a U.S. Registered Trademark. © 2001-2009. American Elements. All rights reserved. |
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Recent Research & Development for Scandium
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Advantages and esthetic results of erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser application in second-stage implant surgery in patients with insufficient gingival attachment: a report of three cases.
Arnabat-Domínguez J, Bragado-Novel M, España-Tost AJ, Berini-Aytés L, Gay-Escoda C.
Lasers Med Sci. 2009 Sep 11. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19756837 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Alternating and random copolymerization of isoprene and ethylene catalyzed by cationic half-sandwich scandium alkyls.
Li X, Nishiura M, Hu L, Mori K, Hou Z.
J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Sep 30;131(38):13870-82.
PMID: 19728718 [PubMed - in process]
- In vitro investigation of intra-canal dentine-laser beam interaction aspects: II. Evaluation of ablation zone extent and morphology.
Minas NH, Gutknecht N, Lampert F.
Lasers Med Sci. 2009 Aug 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19727921 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Change in Site of Electron-Transfer Reduction of a Zinc-Quinoxalinoporphyrin/Gold-Quinoxalinoporphyrin Dyad by Binding of Scandium Ion and the Resulting Remarkable Elongation of the Charge-Shifted-State Lifetime.
Ohkubo K, Garcia R, Sintic PJ, Khoury T, Crossley MJ, Kadish KM, Fukuzumi S.
Chemistry. 2009 Aug 26. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19711386 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Binding sites, rotational conformers, and electronic states of Sc-C6H5X (X = F, CH3, OH, and CN) probed by pulsed-field-ionization electron spectroscopy.
Zhang C, Krasnokutski SA, Zhang B, Yang DS.
J Chem Phys. 2009 Aug 7;131(5):054303.
PMID: 19673558 [PubMed - in process]
- High-pressure structural transitions of Sc2O3 by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, and ab initio calculations.
Liu D, Lei W, Li Y, Ma Y, Hao J, Chen X, Jin Y, Liu D, Yu S, Cui Q, Zou G.
Inorg Chem. 2009 Sep 7;48(17):8251-6.
PMID: 19663408 [PubMed - in process]
- Sc(OTf)(3)-catalyzed condensation of 2-alkyl-N-tosylaziridine with aldehydes or ketones: an efficient synthesis of 5-alkyl-1,3-oxazolidines.
Kang B, Miller AW, Goyal S, Nguyen ST.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2009 Jul 14;(26):3928-30. Epub 2009 May 26.
PMID: 19662255 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- Influence of etching time on bond strength in dentin irradiated with erbium lasers.
Ferreira LS, Apel C, Francci C, Simoes A, Eduardo CP, Gutknecht N.
Lasers Med Sci. 2009 Aug 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19655225 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- The effect of erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser etching on marginal integrity of a resin-based fissure sealant in primary teeth.
Sungurtekin E, Oztas N.
Lasers Med Sci. 2009 Aug 5. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19653059 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Evaluation of effectiveness of Er,Cr:YSGG laser for root canal disinfection: theoretical simulation of temperature elevations in root dentin.
Zhu L, Tolba M, Arola D, Salloum M, Meza F.
J Biomech Eng. 2009 Jul;131(7):071004.
PMID: 19640129 [PubMed - in process]
- In vitro investigation of intra-canal dentine-laser beam interaction aspects: I. Evaluation of ablation capability (ablation rate and efficiency).
Minas NH, Meister J, Franzen R, Gutknecht N, Lampert F.
Lasers Med Sci. 2009 Jul 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19636663 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Building addressable libraries: site-selective Lewis acid (scandium(III)) catalyzed reactions.
Bi B, Maurer K, Moeller KD.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2009;48(32):5872-4. No abstract available.
PMID: 19582751 [PubMed - in process]
- Atomic analysis and hardness measurement of the cavity prepared by laser.
Shahabi S, Zendedel S.
Lasers Med Sci. 2009 Jul 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19575263 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- In vitro evaluation of microleakage under orthodontic brackets using two different laser etching, self etching and acid etching methods.
Hamamci N, Akkurt A, Basaran G.
Lasers Med Sci. 2009 Jun 27. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19562404 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Defect interactions and ionic transport in scandia stabilized zirconia.
Devanathan R, Thevuthasan S, Gale JD.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2009 Jul 14;11(26):5506-11. Epub 2009 Apr 22.
PMID: 19551221 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- Use of the erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser on human enamel tissues. Influence of the air-water spray on the laser-tissue interaction: scanning electron microscope evaluations.
Olivi G, Angiero F, Benedicenti S, Iaria G, Signore A, Kaitsas V.
Lasers Med Sci. 2009 Jun 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19548057 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Bactericidal activity of erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser in root canals.
Arnabat J, Escribano C, Fenosa A, Vinuesa T, Gay-Escoda C, Berini L, Viñas M.
Lasers Med Sci. 2009 Jun 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19548054 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Biomimetic synthesis of a new class of bacterial signaling molecules.
Davis JB, Bailey JD, Sello JK.
Org Lett. 2009 Jul 16;11(14):2984-7.
PMID: 19545145 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- High- and Low-Temperature Modifications of Sc(3)RuC(4) and Sc(3)OsC(4)-Relativistic Effects, Structure, and Chemical Bonding.
Vogt C, Hoffmann RD, Rodewald UC, Eickerling G, Presnitz M, Eyert V, Scherer W, Po¨ttgen R.
Inorg Chem. 2009 Jun 12. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19522517 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Electronic Structures of Scandium Oxide Endohedral Metallofullerenes, Sc(4)(mu(3)-O)(n)@I(h)-C(80) (n = 2, 3).
Valencia R, Rodri´guez-Fortea A, Stevenson S, Balch AL, Poblet JM.
Inorg Chem. 2009 Jun 11. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19518077 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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