American Elements

 

Thorium Telluride Sputtering Target
High Purity Th-Te Sputtering Target
Product Product Code Order or Specifications
(2N) 99% Thorium Telluride Sputtering Target TH-TE-02-ST Contact American Elements
(2N5) 99.5% Thorium Telluride Sputtering Target TH-TE-025-ST Contact American Elements
(3N) 99.9% Thorium Telluride Sputtering Target TH-TE-03-ST Contact American Elements
(3N5) 99.95% Thorium Telluride Sputtering Target TH-TE-035-ST Contact American Elements
(4N) 99.99% Thorium Telluride Sputtering Target TH-TE-04-ST Contact American Elements
(5N) 99.999% Thorium Telluride Sputtering Target TH-TE-05-ST Contact American Elements
Telluride IonAmerican Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopeia/British Pharmacopeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.See safety data and research below and pricing/lead time above. American Elements specializes in producing high purity Thorium Telluride Sputtering Targets with the highest possible density High Purity (99.99%) Metallic Sputtering Targetand smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes nanoparticles. We also produce Thorium as disc, granules, ingot, pellets, pieces, powder, and rod. Other shapes are available by request.

Thorium(Th) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbol Thorium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 7 element. The number of electrons in each of Thorium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Rn] 6d2 7s2. In its elemental form thorium's CAS number is 7440-29-1. The thorium atom has a radius of 179.8.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Thorium is radioactive and can collect in bones which may cause bone cancer several years after exposure. Breathing in substantial amounts of thorium may be lethal. Thorium is a lanthanide (rare earth) material with potential nuclear power applications. Thorium Elemental Thorium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It is Thorium Bohr Modelpresently used as a tungsten coating in electronic parts due to its high emission factor. Thorium in the form of its fluoride and oxide is used in advanced optic applications for its high refractive index. It is also used in several other high temperature glass applications, such as in the mantle of lamps and to produce crystal growth crucibles and ampules. Thorium was first discovered by Jons Berzelius in 1828. The name Thorium originates from the Scandinavian god, Thor, the Norse god of war and thunder. See Thorium research below.

Tellurium(Te)atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbolTellurium is a Block P, Group 16, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Tellurium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 6 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4. In its elemental form tellurium's CAS number is 13494-80-9. The tellurium atom has a radius of 143.2.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 206.pm. Tellurium is a p-type semiconductor, and shows greater conductivity in certain directions, depending on alignment of the atoms. It is grown in crystalline form with other elements such as indium telluride. Its conductivity increases slightly with exposure to light which makes many tellurides candidates for solar energyapplications. Tellurium improves the machinability of copper and stainless steel, and its addition to lead decreases the corrosive action of sulfuric acid on lead and improves its strength and hardness. Elemental TelluriumTellurium is used as Tellurium Bohr Modela basic ingredient in blasting caps, and is added to cast iron for chill control. Tellurium is used in ceramics. Bismuth telluride has been used in thermoelectric devices. Iron is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Tellurium was first discovered by Franz Muller von Reichenstein in 1782. The name Tellurium originates from the Greek word 'Tellus' meaning Earth. See Tellurium research below.

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Recent Research & Development for Thorium

  • The Th[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bond: an experimental and computational study of thorium poly-carbene complexes. Ren W, Deng X, Zi G, Fang DC. Dalton Trans. 2011 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21814698 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Synthesis and Characterization of Thorium(IV) Sulfates. Knope KE, Wilson RE, Skanthakumar S, Soderholm L. Inorg Chem. 2011 Aug 3. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21812466 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Thorium Oxo and Sulfido Metallocenes: Synthesis, Structure, Reactivity, and Computational Studies. Ren W, Zi G, Fang DC, Walter MD. J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Jul 27. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21793520 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • The discoveries of uranium 237 and symmetric fission - From the archival papers of Nishina and Kimura. Ikeda N. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci. 2011;87(7):371-6. PMID: 21785255 [PubMed - in process]

  • Matrix infrared spectroscopic and density functional theoretical investigations on thorium and uranium atom reactions with dimethyl ether. Gong Y, Andrews L. Dalton Trans. 2011 Jul 18. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21769368 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Tris(tetra-butyl-ammonium) tris-(nitrato-?O,O')tetra-kis-(thio-cyanato-?N)thorium(IV). Lozano-Rodriguez MJ, Thuéry P, Petit S, Copping R, Mustre de Leon J, Den Auwer C. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Apr 1;67(Pt 4):m487. Epub 2011 Mar 26. PMID: 21753998 [PubMed]

  • Interaction of thorium(iv) with nitrate in aqueous solution: medium effect or weak complexation? Di Bernardo P, Zanonato P, Rao L, Bismondo A, Endrizzi F. Dalton Trans. 2011 Jul 8. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21738949 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Should we consider using liquid fluoride thorium reactors for power generation? Cooper N, Minakata D, Begovic M, Crittenden J. Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Aug 1;45(15):6237-8. Epub 2011 Jul 6. No abstract available. PMID: 21732635 [PubMed - in process]

  • Electron correlation and relativistic effects in atomic structure calculations of the thorium atom. Roy SK, Prasad R, Chandra P. J Chem Phys. 2011 Jun 21;134(23):234302. PMID: 21702551 [PubMed - in process]

  • [Dust concentration analysis in non-coal mining. Exposure evaluation based on measurements performed by occupational hygiene laboratories in the years 2001-2005 in Poland]. Bujak-Pietrek S, Mikolajczyk U, Szadkowska-Stanczyk I. Med Pr. 2011;62(2):113-25. Polish. PMID: 21698871 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

  • A cryogenic beam of refractory, chemically reactive molecules with expansion cooling. Hutzler NR, Parsons MF, Gurevich YV, Hess PW, Petrik E, Spaun B, Vutha AC, Demille D, Gabrielse G, Doyle JM. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Jun 22. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21698321 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Proposal for a nuclear gamma-ray laser of optical range. Tkalya EV. Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Apr 22;106(16):162501. Epub 2011 Apr 21. PMID: 21599361 [PubMed - in process]

  • Accumulation and soil-to-plant transfer of radionuclides in the Nile Delta coastal black sand habitats. Hegazy AK, Emam MH. Int J Phytoremediation. 2011 Feb;13(2):140-55. PMID: 21598782 [PubMed - in process]

  • Smart thorium and uranium determination exploiting renewable solid-phase extraction applied to environmental samples in a wide concentration range. Avivar J, Ferrer L, Casas M, Cerdà V. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2011 Jul;400(10):3585-94. Epub 2011 May 14. PMID: 21573729 [PubMed - in process]

  • Gamma-spectrometric analysis of high salinity fluids - how to analyze radionuclides of the thorium decay chain far from radioactive equilibrium? Degering D, Köhler M. Appl Radiat Isot. 2011 Apr 22. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21570856 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Assessment of radionuclide and metal contamination in a thorium rich area in Norway. Popic JM, Salbu B, Strand T, Skipperud L. J Environ Monit. 2011 Jun;13(6):1730-8. Epub 2011 May 10. PMID: 21556423 [PubMed - in process]

  • Retraction notice to "Immobilization of 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-thiolonto kanemite for thorium (IV) removal: thermodynamic and equilibrium study" [J. Colloid Interface Sci. 338 (2009) 30-39]. [No authors listed] J Colloid Interface Sci. 2011 May 15;357(2):558. No abstract available. PMID: 21553729 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

  • EPR evidence for the restricted mobility of NO2 in gamma irradiated thorium nitrate pentahydrate Th(NO3)4·5H2O. Rajeswari B, Kadam RM, Dhawale BA, Babu Y, Natarajan V, Godbole SV. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2011 Aug;79(3):405-11. Epub 2011 Mar 24. PMID: 21524936 [PubMed - in process]

  • Screening of plant species for phytoremediation of uranium, thorium, barium, nickel, strontium and lead contaminated soils from a uranium mill tailings repository in South China. Li GY, Hu N, Ding DX, Zheng JF, Liu YL, Wang YD, Nie XQ. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011 Jun;86(6):646-52. Epub 2011 Apr 27. PMID: 21523506 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

  • Background radiation and individual dosimetry in the costal area of Tamil Nadu, India. Matsuda N, Brahmanandhan GM, Yoshida M, Takamura N, Suyama A, Koguchi Y, Juto N, Raj YL, Winsley G, Selvasekarapandian S. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2011;146(1-3):314-7. Epub 2011 Apr 18. PMID: 21502300 [PubMed - in process]
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Recent Research & Development for Tellurium

  • Multi-metal(loid) methylation in methanoarchaea is linked to central intermediates of methanogenesis. Thomas F, Diaz-Bone RA, Wuerfel O, Huber B, Weidenbach K, Schmitz RA, Hensel R. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Oct 14. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22003009 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Synthesis, structure, and bonding of orthorhombic r(5)au(2)te(2) (R = lu, ho, dy, y). Electronic structure of the binary parent valence compound eu(5)as(4). Chai P, Corbett JD. Inorg Chem. 2011 Nov 7;50(21):10949-55. Epub 2011 Oct 12. PMID: 21991925 [PubMed - in process]

  • Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Protects Escherichia coli from Tellurite-Mediated Oxidative Stress. Sandoval JM, Arenas FA, Vásquez CC. PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e25573. Epub 2011 Sep 30. PMID: 21984934 [PubMed - in process]

  • Microbial processing of tellurium as a tool in biotechnology. Turner RJ, Borghese R, Zannoni D. Biotechnol Adv. 2011 Sep 1. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21907273 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Measurement of the ?? Decay Half-Life of ^{130}Te with the NEMO-3 Detector. Arnold R, Augier C, Baker J, Barabash AS, Basharina-Freshville A, Blondel S, Bongrand M, Broudin-Bay G, Brudanin V, Caffrey AJ, Chapon A, Chauveau E, Durand D, Egorov V, Flack R, Garrido X, Grozier J, Guillon B, Hubert P, Hugon C, Jackson CM, Jullian S, Kauer M, Klimenko A, Kochetov O, Konovalov SI, Kovalenko V, Lalanne D, Lamhamdi T, Lang K, Liptak Z, Lutter G, Mamedov F, Marquet Ch, Martin-Albo J, Mauger F, Mott J, Nachab A, Nemchenok I, Nguyen CH, Nova F, Novella P, Ohsumi H, Pahlka RB, Perrot F, Piquemal F, Reyss JL, Richards B, Ricol JS, Saakyan R, Sarazin X, Simard L, Simkovic F, Shitov Y, Smolnikov A, Söldner-Rembold S, Stekl I, Suhonen J, Sutton CS, Szklarz G, Thomas J, Timkin V, Torre S, Tretyak VI, Umatov V, Vála L, Vanyushin I, Vasiliev V, Vorobel V, Vylov Ts, Zukauskas A; NEMO-3 Collaboration. Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Aug 5;107(6):062504. Epub 2011 Aug 4. PMID: 21902318 [PubMed - in process]

  • Synthesis and characterization of wurtzite ZnTe nanorods with controllable aspect ratios. Zhang J, Jin S, Fry HC, Peng S, Shevchenko E, Wiederrecht GP, Rajh T. J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Oct 5;133(39):15324-7. Epub 2011 Sep 12. PMID: 21899348 [PubMed - in process]

  • A homometallic tricapped cubane cluster: [(Cp*Mo)4B4H4(?4-BH)3] (Cp* = ?5-C5Me5). Thakur A, Sahoo S, Ghosh S. Inorg Chem. 2011 Sep 5;50(17):7940-2. Epub 2011 Aug 11. PMID: 21834507 [PubMed - in process]

  • Selective antimicrobial activity associated with sulfur nanoparticles. Schneider T, Baldauf A, Ba LA, Jamier V, Khairan K, Sarakbi MB, Reum N, Schneider M, Röseler A, Becker K, Burkholz T, Winyard PG, Kelkel M, Diederich M, Jacob C. J Biomed Nanotechnol. 2011 Jun;7(3):395-405. PMID: 21830480 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

  • Semiconductor detectors allow low-dose-low-dose 1-day SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging. Nkoulou R, Pazhenkottil AP, Kuest SM, Ghadri JR, Wolfrum M, Husmann L, Fiechter M, Buechel RR, Herzog BA, Koepfli P, Burger C, Gaemperli O, Kaufmann PA. J Nucl Med. 2011 Aug;52(8):1204-9. PMID: 21810589 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

  • CsTe2O(6-x): novel mixed-valence tellurium oxides with framework-deficient pyrochlore-related structure. Siritanon T, Li J, Stalick JK, Macaluso RT, Sleight AW, Subramanian MA. Inorg Chem. 2011 Sep 5;50(17):8494-501. Epub 2011 Jul 27. PMID: 21793494 [PubMed - in process]

  • Bioactivity of the conjugation of green-emitting CdTe quantum dots with a carborane complex. Wu C, Shi L, Li Q, Zhao J, Selke M, Yan H, Wang X. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2011 Apr;11(4):3091-9. PMID: 21776675 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

  • Isolation and characterization of an environmental cadmium- and tellurite-resistant Pseudomonas strain. Chien CC, Jiang MH, Tsai MR, Chien CC. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2011 Oct;30(10):2202-7. doi: 10.1002/etc.620. Epub 2011 Aug 10. PMID: 21766319 [PubMed - in process]

  • An ultrasensitive hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on electrocatalytic synergy of graphene-gold nanocomposite, CdTe-CdS core-shell quantum dots and gold nanoparticles. Gu Z, Yang S, Li Z, Sun X, Wang G, Fang Y, Liu J. Anal Chim Acta. 2011 Sep 2;701(1):75-80. Epub 2011 Jul 4. PMID: 21763811 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

  • Synchronous determination of mercury (II) and copper (II) based on quantum dots-multilayer film. Ma Q, Ha E, Yang F, Su X. Anal Chim Acta. 2011 Sep 2;701(1):60-5. Epub 2011 Jun 17. PMID: 21763809 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

  • Procedure-Controlled Selective Synthesis of 5-Acyl-2-iminothiazolines and their Selenium and Tellurium Derivatives by Convergent Tandem Annulation. Wang Y, Zhang WX, Wang Z, Xi Z. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 Jul 14. doi: 10.1002/anie.201101948. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available. PMID: 21761522 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Synthesis, structures and ab initio studies of selenium and tellurium bis(carbodithioates and carbothioates). Kato S, Tani K, Ishida M, Nonogaki J, Ebihara M, Hayashi S, Nakanishi W, Niyomura O, Ando F, Koketsu J. Dalton Trans. 2011 Aug 28;40(32):8156-69. Epub 2011 Jul 13. PMID: 21750832 [PubMed - in process]

  • Electrical bistability in self-assembled hybrid multilayers of phospholipid and nanoparticles. Yuan B, Hu SX, Lu NY, Xu F, Zhou K, Ma YQ, Li M. Nanotechnology. 2011 Aug 5;22(31):315303. Epub 2011 Jul 12. PMID: 21747161 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

  • Organomercury(II) and tellurium(II) compounds with the "pincer" ligand 2,6-[O(CH2CH2)2NCH2]2C6H3--stabilization of an unusual organotellurium(II) cationic species. Beleaga A, Bojan VR, Pöllnitz A, Rat CI, Silvestru C. Dalton Trans. 2011 Sep 21;40(35):8830-8. Epub 2011 Jul 11. PMID: 21743935 [PubMed - in process]

  • Differentiation between the motor and sensory fascicles of the peripheral nerves from adult rats using annexin V-CdTe-conjugated polymer. Meng X, Lu L, Wang H, Liu B. Neurol India. 2011 May-Jun;59(3):333-8. PMID: 21743158 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

  • Tellurium tetrachloride and diphenyl ditelluride cause cytotoxicity in rat hippocampal astrocytes. Roy S, Hardej D. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Oct;49(10):2564-74. Epub 2011 Jul 1. PMID: 21742007 [PubMed - in process]
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