Thulium Carbide is
available in numerous forms and custom shapes including Ingot, foil, rod, plate and sputtering target. High purity forms also include Carbide powder, submicron powder and nanoscale, single crystal or polycrystalline forms. Thulium Carbide is generally immediately available in most volumes.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Like diamond, a pure carbon compound, Carbide compounds tend to be extremely hard, refractory and resistant to wear, corrosion and heat, making them excellent candidates for coatings for drills and other tools. They often have other valuable properties in combination with toughness, such as electrical conductivity, low thermal expansion and abrasiveness.
Thulium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Thulium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe]4f136s2. In its elemental form thulium's CAS number is 7440-30-4. The thulium atom has a radius of 172.4.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Thulium is not toxic. Thulium is representative of the other lanthanides (rare earths) similar in chemistry to Yttrium. Thulium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Thulium emits blue upon excitation. Flat panel screens depend critically on bright blue emitters. Also, under X-ray bombardment emissions are in both the 375 nm (ultra violet) and 465 (visible blue) wave lengths. This gives the material useful applications in low radiation detection for detection badges and similar uses. It is also used in other luminescence applications, such as halide discharge lamps. Thulium was first discovered by Theodore Cleve in 1879. Thulium is named after "Thule", which is the ancient name of Scandinavia. See Thulium research below.
Comparison of holmium:YAG and thulium fiber laser lithotripsy: ablation thresholds, ablation rates, and retropulsion effects.
Blackmon RL, Irby PB, Fried NM.
J Biomed Opt. 2011 Jul;16(7):071403.
PMID:
21806249
[PubMed - in process]
Poly[[triaqua-(µ(3)-4-oxidopyridine-2,6-dicarboxyl-ato)thulium(III)] monohydrate].
Gao ZQ, Lv DY, Gu JZ, Li HJ.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Apr 1;67(Pt 4):m409. Epub 2011 Mar 9.
PMID:
21753941
[PubMed]
Natural orifice (NOTES) transurethral sutureless radical prostatectomy with thulium laser support: first patient report.
Nagele U, Anastasiadis AG, Walcher U, Nicklas AP, Merseburger AS, Herrmann TR.
World J Urol. 2011 Jul 8. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21739124
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A highly selective fluorescent probe for pyrophosphate detection in aqueous solutions.
Ganjali MR, Hosseini M, Aboufazeli F, Faridbod F, Goldooz H, Badiei AR.
Luminescence. 2011 Jul 7. doi: 10.1002/bio.1316. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21735538
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Novel technique for mode selection in a multimode fiber laser.
Daniel JM, Chan JS, Kim JW, Sahu JK, Ibsen M, Clarkson WA.
Opt Express. 2011 Jun 20;19(13):12434-9. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.012434.
PMID:
21716482
[PubMed - in process]
13.1 W, high-beam-quality, narrow-linewidth continuous-wave fiber-based source at 970 nm.
Devi K, Kumar SC, Ebrahim-Zadeh M.
Opt Express. 2011 Jun 6;19(12):11631-7. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.011631.
PMID:
21716396
[PubMed - in process]
Plasmonic enhanced emissions from cubic NaYF(4):Yb: Er/Tm nanophosphors.
Sudheendra L, Ortalan V, Dey S, Browning ND, Kennedy IM.
Chem Mater. 2011 Jun 14;23(11):2987-2993.
PMID:
21709812
[PubMed]
Theoretical Treatment of Redox Processes Involving Lanthanide(II) Compounds: Reactivity of Organosamarium(II) and Organothulium(II) Complexes with CO(2) and Pyridine.
Labouille S, Nief F, Maron L.
J Phys Chem A. 2011 Jul 28;115(29):8295-8301. Epub 2011 Jul 6.
PMID:
21675778
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
[170Tm]-Labeled ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid.
Chopra A.
Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2011.
2011 Apr 27 [updated 2011 May 26].
PMID:
21656985
[PubMed]
Determination of rare earth elements and other trace elements (Y, Mn, Co, Cr) in seawater using Tm addition and Mg(OH)2 co-precipitation.
Freslon N, Bayon G, Birot D, Bollinger C, Barrat JA.
Talanta. 2011 Jul 15;85(1):582-7. Epub 2011 May 5.
PMID:
21645745
[PubMed - in process]
Tm:YAG laser en bloc mucosectomy for accurate staging of primary bladder cancer: early experience.
Wolters M, Kramer MW, Becker JU, Christgen M, Nagele U, Imkamp F, Burchardt M, Merseburger AS, Kuczyk MA, Bach T, Gross AJ, Herrmann TR.
World J Urol. 2011 Aug;29(4):429-32. Epub 2011 May 8.
PMID:
21553277
[PubMed - in process]
Current evidence for transurethral laser therapy of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
Kramer MW, Bach T, Wolters M, Imkamp F, Gross AJ, Kuczyk MA, Merseburger AS, Herrmann TR.
World J Urol. 2011 Aug;29(4):433-42. Epub 2011 May 5.
PMID:
21544662
[PubMed - in process]
Development of a thulium (Tm:YAP) laser system for brain tissue ablation.
Bilici T, Mutlu S, Kalaycioglu H, Kurt A, Sennaroglu A, Gulsoy M.
Lasers Med Sci. 2011 Sep;26(5):699-706. Epub 2011 Apr 12.
PMID:
21484452
[PubMed - in process]
Delayed presentation of a detached resectoscope beak and treatment with thulium laser.
Davis NF, McGuire BB, Flood HD.
Can Urol Assoc J. 2011 Apr;5(2):E17-8. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.10048.
PMID:
21470544
[PubMed]
High-pressure phase transitions in rare earth metal thulium to 195 GPa.
Montgomery JM, Samudrala GK, Tsoi GM, Vohra YK.
J Phys Condens Matter. 2011 Apr 20;23(15):155701. Epub 2011 Apr 1.
PMID:
21460429
[PubMed - in process]
Superbroadband near-infrared emission in Tm-Bi codoped sodium-germanium-gallate glasses.
Zhou B, Lin H, Chen B, Pun EY.
Opt Express. 2011 Mar 28;19(7):6514-23. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.006514.
PMID:
21451680
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Critical review of lasers in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Gravas S, Bachmann A, Reich O, Roehrborn CG, Gilling PJ, De La Rosette J.
BJU Int. 2011 Apr;107(7):1030-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09954.x. Review.
PMID:
21438974
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Determination of some heavy metals in food and environmental samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after coprecipitation.
Soylak M, Aydin A.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Jun;49(6):1242-8. Epub 2011 Mar 22.
PMID:
21419188
[PubMed - in process]
Efficient diode-pumped laser operation of Tm:Lu2O3 around 2?µm.
Koopmann P, Lamrini S, Scholle K, Fuhrberg P, Petermann K, Huber G.
Opt Lett. 2011 Mar 15;36(6):948-50. doi: 10.1364/OL.36.000948.
PMID:
21403738
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Comparison of high-dose rate prostate brachytherapy dose distributions with iridium-192, ytterbium-169, and thulium-170 sources.
Krishnamurthy D, Weinberg V, Cunha JA, Hsu IC, Pouliot J.
Brachytherapy. 2011 Mar 10. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21397569
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Thulium Carbide is
available in numerous forms and custom shapes including Ingot, foil, rod, plate and sputtering target. High purity forms also include Carbide powder, submicron powder and nanoscale, single crystal or polycrystalline forms. Thulium Carbide is generally immediately available in most volumes.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Thulium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Thulium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe]4f136s2. In its elemental form thulium's CAS number is 7440-30-4. The thulium atom has a radius of 172.4.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Thulium is not toxic. Thulium is representative of the other lanthanides (rare earths) similar in chemistry to Yttrium. Thulium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Thulium 
emits blue
upon excitation. Flat panel screens depend critically on bright blue emitters. Also, under X-ray bombardment emissions are in both the 375 nm (ultra violet) and 465 (visible blue) wave lengths. This gives the material useful applications in low radiation detection for detection badges and similar uses. It is also used in other luminescence applications, such as halide discharge lamps. Thulium was first discovered by Theodore Cleve in 1879. Thulium is named after "Thule", which is the ancient name of Scandinavia. See Thulium research below.
