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About Yttrium

Yttrium Bohr Model

In 1787, army-lieutenant and chemist Carl Axel Arrhenius found a rock in a quarry near the Swedish village of Ytterby which he suspected contained the newly discovered element tungsten. Analysis by other chemists did not bear out his suspicions, but ultimately four new elements were identified from Arrhenius’s ytterbite. The first of these was recognized as a new oxide by Johan Gadolin in 1787 and named yttria. The new element within this oxide was therefore called yttrium, and today is one of four elements named for the village of Ytterby, the others being terbium, erbium, and ytterbium.

Yttrium is a fairly common rare earth element and serves an extremely broad range of functions. One of the most widely used yttrium-based materials is yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), an extremely hard, non-reactive ceramic that remains chemically stable even at high temperatures. YSZ can be purchased in the form of water-based ceramic pastes for use by hobbyists, formed into knife blades that are harder than steel, used in restorative dentistry to construct crowns and bridges, and coated on metal components in engines to prolong their life by serving as a thermal barrier. Additionally, YSZ can conduct ions, a property that along with its stability at high temperatures lends it to use as a solid electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells as well as in sensors such as those that detect oxygen content of exhaust fumes.

In addition to being integral to inherently useful materials like YSZ, yttrium can serve as a major component of substrate crystals and ceramics that can be doped or otherwise manipulated to exhibit useful properties, and can also serve as a dopant itself in some cases. Doping yttrium oxide, yttrium orthovanadate, or yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) with certain lanthanide ions yields phosphors that are used in television and computer display screens in as well as in lighting applications. Notably, europium-doped yttrium lattices produce red phosphorescence that is essential for modern color screens, and cerium-doped YAG is used in the production of white LEDs. Yttrium iron garnets exhibit a range of properties, including the Faraday effect, low absorption of infrared wavelengths, and a high Q factor for microwave frequencies, that make them useful for microwave communications devices and magneto-optical systems. Yttrium oxide, yttrium orthovanadate, yttrium lithium fluoride, yttrium iron garnet and yttrium aluminum garnet can all be used in combination with appropriate dopants as gain media for lasers. YAG crystals have also been used as gemstone simulants, but have served this function less since the introduction of synthetic cubic zirconia.

As a dopant, yttrium is used to impart shock resistance and low thermal expansion to glasses and ceramics, including the glass used in many camera lenses. In metal alloys, it generally improves workability and resistance to crystallization and to oxidation at high temperatures. It is specifically used to reduce grain size in alloys of chromium, molybdenum, titanium, and zirconium, increase strength of aluminum and magnesium, and to produce nodular cast iron, which has increased ductility as compared to conventional cast iron.

Aside from these major industrial functions, yttrium has a few other applications. Several yttrium compounds are notable for their ability to function as superconductors up to relatively high temperatures. In particular, yttrium barium copper oxide was the first material known to exhibit superconductivity at a temperature above the boiling point of nitrogen. In medicine, radioactive isotope yttrium-90 is used in cancer treatment and for some types of high-precision surgeries. Yttrium catalysts are used in the polymerization of ethylene. Yttrium is sometimes also found in the electrodes of spark plugs and mantles for propane lanterns.

Yttrium is found in most rare earth minerals and some uranium ores. Despite having a lower atomic weight than even the light rare earths (LREE), it behaves more like a heavy rare earth element (HREE), and occurs in the highest concentrations in minerals rich in HREEs, most notably xenotime. It can be found in smaller quantities in LREE-rich minerals like monazite and bastnasite, and can make up a significant percentage of rare earth concentrates derived from ion adsorption clays. Pure yttrium oxide is usually isolated from mixed rare earth oxide ores by dissolving them in sulfuric acid and fractionating the mixture by ion exchange chromatography.

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Yttrium's most important use is in making phosphors which are used in CRT displays and in LEDs. Yttrium is also used in the production of superconductors, electrodes, electrolytes, electronic filters, and lasers. Yttria stabilized zirconium oxide is used in high temperature applications, such as in thermal plasma sprays to protect aerospace high temperature surfaces. High Purity (99.999%) Yttrium Oxide (Y2O3) PowderCrystals of the yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) variety are essential to microwave communication equipment and yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) crystals are used as laser gain media. High Purity (99.999%) Yttrium (Y) Sputtering TargetYttrium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity). Metallic forms include pellets, rod, wire and granules for evaporation source material purposes. Yttrium nanoparticles and nanopowders provide ultra-high surface area. Yttrium oxides is available in powder and dense pellet form for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Yttrium is also available in soluble forms including yttrium chloride, nitrate and acetate. These compounds can be manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries.

Yttrium Properties

Yttrium(Y) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbolYttrium is a Block D, Group 3, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of yttrium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 9, 2 and its electron configuration is [Kr] 4d1 5s2. The yttrium atom has a radius of 177.6.pm and its Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Yttrium Bohr ModelIn its elemental form, CAS 7440-65-5, Yttrium has a silvery white appearance. Yttrium has the highest affinity for oxygen of any element. Elemental Yttrium This characteristic is the basis for many of its applications. Yttrium is not found in nature as a free element and is almost always found combined with the lanthanides in rare earth minerals. While not part of the rare earth series, it resembles the heavy rare earths which are sometimes referred to as the "yttrics" for this reason. Another unique characteristic derives from its ability to form crystals with useful properties. Yttrium was first discovered by Johan Gadolin in 1794. The name yttrium originated from a Swedish village near Vaxholm called Ytterby where the ore from which it as first isolated was discovered.

Symbol: Y
Atomic Number: 39
Atomic Weight: 88.90585
Element Category: transition metal
Group, Period, Block: 3, 5, d
Color: silvery white
Other Names: Ittrio, Itrio
Melting Point: 1526 °C, 2779 °F, 1799 K
Boiling Point: 3336 °C, 6037 °F, 3609 K
Density: 4.472 g·cm3
Liquid Density @ Melting Point: 4.24 g·cm3
Density @ 20°C: 4.47 g/cm3
Density of Solid: 4472 kg·m3
Specific Heat: 0.068 Cal/g/K @ 25 °C
Superconductivity Temperature: 1.3 [or -271.85 °C (-457.33 °F)] (under pressure) K
Triple Point: N/A
Critical Point: N/A
Heat of Fusion (kJ·mol-1): 17.2
Heat of Vaporization (kJ·mol-1): 367.4
Heat of Atomization (kJ·mol-1): 420.45
Thermal Conductivity: 17.2 W·m-1·K-1
Thermal Expansion: (r.t.) (poly) 10.6 µm/(m·K)
Electrical Resistivity: (r.t.) (poly) 596 nΩ·m
Tensile Strength: 67 MPa
Molar Heat Capacity: 26.53 J·mol-1·K-1
Young's Modulus: 63.5 GPa
Shear Modulus: 25.6 GPa
Bulk Modulus: 41.2 GPa
Poisson Ratio: 0.243
Mohs Hardness: N/A
Vickers Hardness: N/A
Brinell Hardness: 589 MPa
Speed of Sound: (20 °C) 3300 m·s-1
Pauling Electronegativity: 1.22
Sanderson Electronegativity: 0.65
Allred Rochow Electronegativity: 1.11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity: N/A
Allen Electronegativity: N/A
Pauling Electropositivity: 2.78
Reflectivity (%): N/A
Refractive Index: N/A
Electrons: 39
Protons: 39
Neutrons: 50
Electron Configuration: [Kr] 4d1 5s2
Atomic Radius: 180 pm
Atomic Radius,
non-bonded (Å):
2.32
Covalent Radius: 190±7 pm
Covalent Radius (Å): 1.76
Van der Waals Radius: 200 pm
Oxidation States: 3, 2, 1 (weakly basic oxide)
Phase: Solid
Crystal Structure: hexagonal close-packed
Magnetic Ordering: paramagnetic
Electron Affinity (kJ·mol-1) 29.611
1st Ionization Energy: 599.86 kJ·mol-1
2nd Ionization Energy: 1180.99 kJ·mol-1
3rd Ionization Energy: 1979.89 kJ·mol-1
CAS Number: 7440-65-5
EC Number: 231-174-8
MDL Number: MFCD00011468
Beilstein Number: N/A
SMILES Identifier: [Y]
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/Y
InChI Key: VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 23993
ChemSpider ID: 22429
Earth - Total: N/A
Mercury - Total: N/A
Venus - Total: N/A
Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by weight: 0.013
Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by atoms: 0.0009
Earth -  Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by weight: 29000
Earth -  Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by atoms: 6700
Sun - Total, ppb by weight: 10
Sun - Total, ppb by atoms: 430
Stream, ppb by weight: 50
Stream, ppb by atoms: 0.6
Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by weight: 1900
Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by atoms: 430
Typical Human Body, ppb by weight: N/A
Typical Human Body, ppb by atom: N/A
Universe, ppb by weight: 7
Universe, ppb by atom: 0.1
Discovered By: Johan Gadolin
Discovery Date: 1794
First Isolation: Carl Gustav Mosander (1840)

Health, Safety & Transportation Information for Yttrium

Insoluble compounds of Yttrium are non-toxic, although water soluble compounds are somewhat toxic. Safety data for Yttrium and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the Products tab. The below information applies to elemental (metallic) Yttrium.

Safety Data
Signal Word N/A
Hazard Statements N/A
Hazard Codes N/A
Risk Codes N/A
Safety Precautions N/A
RTECS Number ZG2980000/td>
Transport Information N/A
WGK Germany 3
Globally Harmonized System of
Classification and Labelling (GHS)
N/A
Review and Print SDS for Yttrium Metal

SAFETY DATA SHEET

Date Created: 05/15/2015
Date Revised: 05/15/2015

SECTION 1. IDENTIFICATION

Product Name: Yttrium Metal

Product Number: All applicable American Elements product codes, e.g. Y-M-025, Y-M-03, Y-M-04, Y-M-05

CAS #: 7440-65-5

Relevant identified uses of the substance: Scientific research and development

Supplier details:
American Elements
1093 Broxton Ave. Suite 2000
Los Angeles, CA 90024
Tel: +1 310-208-0551
Fax: +1 310-208-0351

Emergency telephone number:
Domestic, North America +1 800-424-9300
International +1 703-527-3887


SECTION 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

Classification of the substance or mixture
Classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008
The substance is not classified as hazardous to health or the environment according to the CLP regulation.
Classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC or Directive 1999/45/EC
Not applicable
Information concerning particular hazards for human and environment:
No information known.
Hazards not otherwise classified
No information known.
Label elements
Labelling according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008
Not applicable
Hazard pictograms
Not applicable
Signal word
Not applicable
Hazard statements
Not applicable
WHMIS classification
Not controlled
Classification system
HMIS ratings (scale 0-4)
(Hazardous Materials Identification System)
HEALTH
FIRE
REACTIVITY
1
1
1
Health (acute effects) = 1
Flammability = 1
Physical Hazard = 1
Other hazards
Results of PBT and vPvB assessment
PBT: Not applicable.
vPvB: Not applicable.


SECTION 3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

Chemical characterization: Substances
CAS# Description:
7440-65-5 Yttrium
Identification number(s):
EC number: 231-174-8


SECTION 4. FIRST AID MEASURES

Description of first aid measures
After inhalation
Supply fresh air. If required, provide artificial respiration. Keep patient warm.
Seek immediate medical advice.
After skin contact
Immediately wash with water and soap and rinse thoroughly.
Seek immediate medical advice.
After eye contact
Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water. Then consult a doctor.
After swallowing
Seek medical treatment.
Information for doctor
Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed
No further relevant information available.
Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
No further relevant information available.


SECTION 5. FIREFIGHTING MEASURES

Extinguishing media
Suitable extinguishing agents
Special powder for metal fires. Do not use water.
For safety reasons unsuitable extinguishing agents
Water
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
If this product is involved in a fire, the following can be released:
Metal oxide fume
Advice for firefighters
Protective equipment:
Wear self-contained respirator.
Wear fully protective impervious suit.


SECTION 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Wear protective equipment. Keep unprotected persons away.
Ensure adequate ventilation
Environmental precautions:
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
Do not allow product to reach sewage system or any water course.
Do not allow to penetrate the ground/soil.
Methods and material for containment and cleaning up:
Pick up mechanically.
Prevention of secondary hazards:
No special measures required.
Reference to other sections
See Section 7 for information on safe handling
See Section 8 for information on personal protection equipment.
See Section 13 for disposal information.


SECTION 7. HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling
Precautions for safe handling
Handle under dry protective gas.
Keep container tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry place in tightly closed containers.
Information about protection against explosions and fires:
No information known.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
Storage
Requirements to be met by storerooms and receptacles:
No special requirements.
Information about storage in one common storage facility:
Store away from air.
Store away from water/moisture.
Do not store together with acids.
Store away from oxidizing agents.
Store away from halogens.
Store away from acid chlorides.
Further information about storage conditions:
Store under dry inert gas.
This product is moisture sensitive.
This product is air sensitive.
Keep container tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry conditions in well sealed containers.
Protect from humidity and water.
Specific end use(s)
No further relevant information available.


SECTION 8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION

Additional information about design of technical systems:
Properly operating chemical fume hood designed for hazardous chemicals and having an average face velocity of at least 100 feet per minute.
Control parameters
Components with limit values that require monitoring at the workplace:
7440-65-5 yttrium (100.0%)
PEL (USA) Long-term value: 1 mg/m³ as Y
REL (USA) Long-term value: 1 mg/m³ as Y
TLV (USA) Long-term value: 1 mg/m³ as Y
EL (Canada) Long-term value: 1 mg/m³ as Y
EV (Canada) Long-term value: 1 mg/m³ metal and compounds
Additional information: No data
Exposure controls
Personal protective equipment
General protective and hygienic measures
The usual precautionary measures for handling chemicals should be followed.
Keep away from foodstuffs, beverages and feed.
Remove all soiled and contaminated clothing immediately.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of work.
Maintain an ergonomically appropriate working environment.
Breathing equipment:
Use suitable respirator when high concentrations are present.
Recommended filter device for short term use:
Use a respirator with type N95 (USA) or PE (EN 143) cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. Risk assessment should be performed to determine if air-purifying respirators are appropriate. Only use equipment tested and approved under appropriate government standards.
Protection of hands: Impervious gloves
Check protective gloves prior to each use for their proper condition.
The selection of suitable gloves not only depends on the material, but also on quality. Quality will vary from manufacturer to manufacturer.
Material of gloves
Nitrile rubber, NBR
Penetration time of glove material (in minutes)
Not determined
Eye protection: Safety glasses
Body protection: Protective work clothing.


SECTION 9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Information on basic physical and chemical properties
General Information
Appearance:
Form: Solid in various forms
Color: Grey
Odor: Odorless
Odor threshold: Not determined.
pH-value: Not applicable.
Change in condition
Melting point/Melting range: 1522 °C (2772 °F)
Boiling point/Boiling range: 3338 °C (6040 °F)
Sublimation temperature / start: Not determined
Flammability (solid, gaseous): Not determined.
Ignition temperature: Not determined
Decomposition temperature: Not determined
Auto igniting: Not determined.
Danger of explosion: Not determined.
Explosion limits:
Lower: Not determined
Upper: Not determined
Vapor pressure: Not applicable.
Density at 20 °C (68 °F): 4.47 g/cm³ (37.302 lbs/gal)
Relative density: Not determined.
Vapor density: Not applicable.
Evaporation rate: Not applicable.
Solubility in / Miscibility with Water: Insoluble
Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): Not determined.
Viscosity:
dynamic: Not applicable.
kinematic: Not applicable.
Other information
No further relevant information available.


SECTION 10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

Reactivity
No information known.
Chemical stability
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided:
Decomposition will not occur if used and stored according to specifications.
Possibility of hazardous reactions
Contact with water may produce hydrogen gas.
Reacts with strong oxidizing agents
Conditions to avoid
No further relevant information available.
Incompatible materials:
Acids
Air
Water/moisture
Oxidizing agents
Halogens
Acid chlorides
Hazardous decomposition products:
Metal oxide fume


SECTION 11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Information on toxicological effects
Acute toxicity: No effects known.
LD/LC50 values that are relevant for classification: No data
Skin irritation or corrosion: May cause irritation
Eye irritation or corrosion: May cause irritation
Sensitization: No sensitizing effects known.
Germ cell mutagenicity: No effects known.
Carcinogenicity: No classification data on carcinogenic properties of this material is available from the EPA, IARC, NTP, OSHA or ACGIH.
Reproductive toxicity: No effects known.
Specific target organ system toxicity - repeated exposure: No effects known.
Specific target organ system toxicity - single exposure: No effects known.
Aspiration hazard: No effects known.
Subacute to chronic toxicity: No effects known.
Additional toxicological information:
To the best of our knowledge the acute and chronic toxicity of this substance is not fully known.


SECTION 12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Toxicity
Aquatic toxicity: No further relevant information available.
Persistence and degradability: No further relevant information available.
Bioaccumulative potential: No further relevant information available.
Mobility in soil: No further relevant information available.
Additional ecological information:
General notes:
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
Avoid transfer into the environment.
Results of PBT and vPvB assessment
PBT: Not applicable.
vPvB: Not applicable.
Other adverse effects
No further relevant information available.


SECTION 13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

Waste treatment methods
Recommendation
Consult state, local or national regulations to ensure proper disposal.
Uncleaned packagings:
Recommendation:
Disposal must be made according to official regulations.


SECTION 14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION

UN-Number
DOT, ADN, IMDG, IATA
Not applicable
UN proper shipping name
DOT, ADN, IMDG, IATA
Not applicable
Transport hazard class(es)
DOT, ADR, ADN, IMDG, IATA
Class
Not applicable
Packing group
DOT, IMDG, IATA
Not applicable
Environmental hazards:
Not applicable.
Special precautions for user
Not applicable.
Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL73/78 and the IBC Code
Not applicable.
Transport/Additional information:
DOT
Marine Pollutant (DOT):
No
UN "Model Regulation":
-


SECTION 15. REGULATORY INFORMATION

Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture National regulations
All components of this product are listed in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical substance Inventory.
All components of this product are listed on the Canadian Domestic Substances List (DSL).
SARA Section 313 (specific toxic chemical listings)
Substance is not listed.
California Proposition 65
Prop 65 - Chemicals known to cause cancer
Substance is not listed.
Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity
Substance is not listed.
Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, female
Substance is not listed.
Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, male
Substance is not listed.
Information about limitation of use:
For use only by technically qualified individuals.
Other regulations, limitations and prohibitive regulations
Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC) according to the REACH Regulations (EC) No. 1907/2006.
Substance is not listed.
The conditions of restrictions according to Article 67 and Annex XVII of the Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH) for the manufacturing, placing on themarket and use must be observed.
Substance is not listed.
Annex XIV of the REACH Regulations (requiring Authorisation for use)
Substance is not listed.
REACH - Pre-registered substances
Substance is listed.
Chemical safety assessment:
A Chemical Safety Assessment has not been carried out.


16. OTHER INFORMATION

Safety Data Sheet according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH). The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive and shall be used only as a guide. The information in this document is based on the present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent any guarantee of the properties of the product. American Elements shall not be held liable for any damage resulting from handling or from contact with the above product. See reverse side of invoice or packing slip for additional terms and conditions of sale. COPYRIGHT 1997-2016 AMERICAN ELEMENTS. LICENSED GRANTED TO MAKE UNLIMITED PAPER COPIES FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY.

Yttrium Isotopes

Yttrium has one stable isotope, 89Y.

Nuclide Isotopic Mass Half-Life Mode of Decay Nuclear Spin Magnetic Moment Binding Energy (MeV) Natural Abundance
(% by atom)
76Y 75.95845(54)# 500# ns [>170 ns] Unknown N/A N/A 609.35 -
77Y 76.94965(7)# 63(17) ms p to 76Sr; ß+ to 77Sr 5/2+# N/A 625.81 -
78Y 77.94361(43)# 54(5) ms ß+ to 78Sr (0+) N/A 639.48 -
79Y 78.93735(48) 14.8(6) s ß+ to 79Sr; ß+ + p to 78Sr (5/2+)# N/A 653.15 -
80Y 79.93428(19) 30.1(5) s ß+ to 80Sr 4- N/A 664.02 -
81Y 80.92913(7) 70.4(10) s ß+ to 81Sr (5/2+) N/A 676.76 -
82Y 81.92679(11) 8.30(20) s ß+ to 82Sr 1+ N/A 687.63 -
83Y 82.92235(5) 7.08(6) min ß+ to 83Sr 9/2+ N/A 699.44 -
84Y 83.92039(10) 4.6(2) s ß+ to 84Sr 1+ N/A 709.38 -
85Y 84.916433(20) 2.68(5) h EC to 85Sr (1/2)- N/A 721.19 -
86Y 85.914886(15) 14.74(2) h EC to 86Sr 4- <0.6 731.13 -
87Y 86.9108757(17) 79.8(3) h EC to 87Sr 1/2- N/A 742.93 -
88Y 87.9095011(20) 106.616(13) d EC to 88Sr 4- N/A 751.94 -
89Y 88.9058483(27) STABLE - 1/2- -0.1374153 763.75 100
90Y 89.9071519(27) 64.053(20) h ß- to 90Zr 2- -1.63 769.96 -
91Y 90.907305(3) 58.51(6) d ß- to 91Zr 1/2- 0.1461 778.04 -
92Y 91.908949(10) 3.54(1) h ß- to 92Zr 2- N/A 785.19 -
93Y 92.909583(11) 10.18(8) h ß- to 93Zr 1/2- N/A 792.34 -
94Y 93.911595(8) 18.7(1) min ß- to 94Zr 2- N/A 798.55 -
95Y 94.912821(8) 10.3(1) min ß- to 95Zr 1/2- N/A 805.7 -
96Y 95.915891(25) 5.34(5) s ß- to 96Zr 0- N/A 810.98 -
97Y 96.918134(13) 3.75(3) s ß- to 97Zr; ß- + n to 96Zr (1/2-) N/A 816.27 -
98Y 97.922203(26) 0.548(2) s ß- to 98Zr; ß- + n to 97Zr (0)- N/A 820.62 -
99Y 98.924636(26) 1.470(7) s ß- to 99Zr; ß- + n to 100Zr (5/2+) N/A 826.84 -
100Y 99.92776(8) 735(7) ms ß- to 100Zr; ß- + n to 99Zr 1-,2- N/A 832.12 -
101Y 100.93031(10) 426(20) ms ß- to 101Zr; ß- + n to 100Zr (5/2+) N/A 837.4 -
102Y 101.93356(9) 0.30(1) s ß- to 102Zr; ß- + n to 101Zr N/A N/A 845.48 -
103Y 102.93673(32)# 224(19) ms ß- to 103Zr; ß- + n to 102Zr 5/2+# N/A 853.56 -
104Y 103.94105(43)# 180(60) ms ß- to 104Zr N/A N/A 852.32 -
105Y 104.94487(54)# 60# ms [>300 ns] ß- to 105Zr 5/2+# N/A 860.4 -
106Y 105.94979(75)# 50# ms [>300 ns] ß- to 106Zr N/A N/A 868.48 -
107Y 106.95414(54)# 30# ms [>300 ns] Unknown 5/2+# N/A 867.24 -
108Y 107.95948(86)# 20# [>300 ns] Unknown N/A N/A 875.32 -