Tungsten (W) Nanoparticles, nanodots or
nanopowder are black spherical high surface area metal particles. Nanoscale Tungsten Particles are typically 40-80 nanometers (nm) with specific surface area (SSA) in the 1 - 5 m 2 /g range. Nano Tungsten Particles are also available passivated and in
Ultra high purity and high purity and coated and dispersed forms. They are also available as a nanofluid through the AE Nanofluid production group. Nanofluids are generally defined as suspended nanoparticles in solution either using surfactant or surface charge technology. Nanofluid dispersion and coating selection technical guidance is also available. Other nanostructures include nanorods, nanowhiskers, nanohorns, nanopyramids and other nanocomposites. Surface functionalized
nanoparticles allow for the particles to be preferentially adsorbed at the surface interface using chemically bound polymers. Development research is underway in Nano Electronics and Photonics materials, such as MEMS and NEMS, Bio Nano Materials, such as Biomarkers, Bio Diagnostics & Bio Sensors, and Related Nano Materials, for use in Polymers, Textiles,
Fuel Cell Layers, Composites and
Solar Energy materials. Nanopowders are
analyzed for chemical composition by ICP, particle size distribution (PSD) by laser diffraction, and for Specific Surface Area (SSA) by BET multi-point correlation techniques. Novel
nanotechnology applications also include
Quantum Dots. High surface areas can also be achieved using
solutions and using
thin film by
sputtering targets and evaporation technology using
pellets, rod and foil.. Applications for Tungsten Nanocrystals include and in coatings, plastics, nanowire, nanofiber and textiles and in certain alloy and catalyst applications. Coat tungsten particles with DNA and inject them into plant cells or plant embryos. Some genetic material will remain in the cells and transform them. This method allows transformation of plant plastids. The transformation efficiency is lower than in agro bacterial mediated transformation. Tungsten Nano Particles are generally immediately available in most volumes.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade,
USP and
EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable
ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom
packaging is available. Additional technical,
research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a
Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Tungsten is a Block D, Group 6, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Tungsten's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2. In its elemental form tungsten's CAS number is 7440-33-7. The tungsten atom has a radius of 137.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Tungsten is considered to be only mildly toxic. Tungsten has the highest melting point of all the metallic elements and because of this has its first significant commercial application as the filament in incandescent light bulbs and fluorescent light bulbs. Tungsten is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and 
compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Later it was used in the first television tubes. The first imaging equipment involved X-ray bombardment of a 
tungsten target. Tungsten expands at nearly the same rate as borosilicate glass and is used to make metal to glass seals. It is the primary metal in heating elements for electric furnaces and in any components where high pressure/temperature environments are expected, such as aerospace and engine systems. Tungsten was first discovered by Fausto and Juan Jose de Elhuyar in 1783. In reference to its density, Tungsten gets its name from the swedish words tung and sten meaning heavy stone. See Tungsten research below.
