Carbon Tetrachloride is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Carbon is a Block P, Group 12, Period 2 element. The electronic configuration is [He] 2s2 2p2. In its elementa form carbon's CAS number is 7440-44-0. Carbon In its elementa form is one of the softest (graphite) and hardest (diamond) materials found in nature. Applications for graphitic carbon include in lubricant formulations and as the replacement for lead in pencils. Diamond has numerous industrial applications due to its extreme hardness and resistance to heat and pressure. Graphene is a nanoscale ultra thin film or foil with thicknesses as small as 1 nanometer which can be produced from either silicon carbide or graphite flake processing. These include in drill bits and grinding media and grinding equipment. Carbon also finds application in steel alloys, in various filtering and purification technologies and as a neutron moderator in nuclear power plants. Carbon is available as a nanoparticle and in single-walled, double-walled and multi-walled nanotubes with purities from 99% to 99.999% ( ultra-high purity ). Carbon was first discovered by Hans Christian Oersted in 1825.
Stereocontrolled Creation of All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters
by Organocatalytic Conjugate Addition of Oxindoles to Vinyl Sulfone. Zhu Q, Lu Y. Angew Chem
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Imaging the Oxidation of
ZnS Encapsulated in Carbon Nanotubes. Costa PM, Hansen TW, Wagner JB, Dunin-Borkowski RE. Chemistry. 2010 Sep 6. [Epub ahead of
print] PubMed PMID: 20821764.
Toxicity of short-term copper exposure to
early life stages of red sea bream, Pagrus major. Cao L, Huang W, Liu J, Ye Z, Dou S. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2010
Sep;29(9):2044-2052. PubMed PMID: 20821662.
Influence of black carbon
and chemical planarity on bioavailability of sediment-associated contaminants.
Pehkonen S, You J, Akkanen J, Kukkonen JV, Lydy MJ. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2010 Sep;29(9):1976-1983. PubMed PMID: 20821655.
A closer look at bioaccumulation of petroleum hydrocarbon
mixtures in aquatic worms. Muijs B, Jonker MT. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2010 Sep;29(9):1943-1949. PubMed
PMID: 20821651.
Retention-release characteristics
of triclocarban and triclosan in biosolids, soils, and biosolids-amended soils.
Agyin-Birikorang S, Miller M, O'Connor GA. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2010 Sep;29(9):1925-1933. PubMed PMID: 20821649.
Evaluation of sorbent amendments for in situ remediation of metal-contaminated
sediments. Kwon S, Thomas J, Reed BE, Levine L, Magar VS, Farrar D, Bridges TS, Ghosh U. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2010 Sep;29(9):1883-1892. PubMed PMID: 20821645.
Effects of suspended solids and dissolved organic carbon on nickel toxicity.
Cloran CE, Burton GA, Hammerschmidt CR, Taulbee WK, Custer KW, Bowman KL. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2010 Aug;29(8):1781-1787. PubMed PMID: 20821632.
Mercury
contamination of the fish community of a semi-arid and arid river system: Spatial
variation and the influence of environmental gradients. Smith A, Abuzeineh AA, Chumchal MM, Bonner TH, Nowlin WH. Environ Toxicol Chem.
2010 Aug;29(8):1762-1772. PubMed PMID: 20821630.
Bioavailability of
hexabromocyclododecane to the polychaete Hediste diversicolor: Exposure through
sediment and food from a contaminated fjord. Haukås M, Ruus A, Hylland K, Berge JA, Mariussen E. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2010
Aug;29(8):1709-1715. PubMed PMID: 20821623.
Experimental characterization of the mechanism of
perfluorocarboxylic acids' liver protein bioaccumulation: The key role of the
neutral species. Woodcroft MW, Ellis DA, Rafferty SP, Burns DC, March RE, Stock NL, Trumpour
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An
evaluation of the ability of chemical measurements to predict polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon-contaminated sediment toxicity to Hyalella azteca. McDonough KM, Azzolina NA, Hawthorne SB, Nakles DV, Neuhauser EF. Environ Toxicol
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Simulating climate change-induced alterations
in bioaccumulation of organic contaminants in an Arctic marine food web. Borgå K, Saloranta TM, Ruus A. Environ
Toxicol Chem. 2010 Jun;29(6):1349-1357. PubMed PMID: 20821579.
Pesticide transport with runoff from
creeping bentgrass turf: Relationship of pesticide properties to mass transport.
Rice PJ, Horgan BP, Rittenhouse JL. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2010 Jun;29(6):1209-1214. PubMed PMID: 20821562.
Relevance of octanol-water distribution
measurements to the potential ecological uptake of multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
Petersen EJ, Huang Q, Weber WJ Jr. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2010 May;29(5):1106-1112. PubMed PMID: 20821546.
Influence of
soil type and organic matter content on the bioavailability, accumulation, and
toxicity of alpha-cypermethrin in the springtail Folsomia candida. Styrishave B, Hartnik T, Christensen P, Andersen O, Jensen J. Environ
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Efficiency of sediment quality guidelines for predicting toxicity: The case of
the St. Lawrence river. Desrosiers M, Babut MP, Pelletier M, Bélanger C, Thibodeau S, Martel L. Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2010 Apr;6(2):225-239.
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Bee Venom Inhibits Hepatic Fibrosis Through Suppression of Pro-Fibrogenic
Cytokine Expression. Kim SJ, Park JH, Kim KH, Lee WR, Chang YC, Park KK, Lee KG, Han SM, Yeo JH,
Pak SC. Am J Chin Med. 2010;38(5):921-935. PubMed PMID: 20821823.
Pinus Massoniana Bark
Extract Protects Against Oxidative Damage in L-02 Hepatic Cells and Mice. Wang M, Ma HL, Liu B, Wang HB, Xie H, Li RD, Wang JF. Am J
Chin Med. 2010;38(5):909-919. PubMed PMID: 20821822.
Hepatoprotection by Freshwater Clam Extract Against
CCl(4)-Induced Hepatic Damage in Rats. Hsu CL, Hsu CC, Yen GC. Am J Chin Med. 2010;38(5):881-894. PubMed
PMID: 20821820.
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