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  Cobalt
Products
(Carbomethoxycyclopentadiene)(tetra phenylcyclobutadiene)cobalt(I)
5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)-21H,23H-porphine cobalt(II)
5,10,15,20-Tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphine Cobalt(II)
Aluminum Cobalt Alloy
Aluminum Cobalt Yttrium Alloy
Aluminum Nickel Cobalt Alloy
Aluminum Nickel Cobalt Alloy Particles
Ammonium cobalt(II) sulfate hexahydrate
Bis(cyclopentadienyl)cobalt(II)
Bis(cyclopentadienyl)cobalt(III) hexafluorophosphate
Bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)cobalt(II)
Bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)cobalt(III) hexafluorophosphate
Bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)cobalt(II)
Bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)cobalt(III) hexafluorophosphate
Bis(salicylaldehyde)cobalt(II) dihydrate
Bis(salicylideniminato-3-propyl)methylaminocobalt(II)
Bismuth Cobalt Zinc Oxide
Bismuth Cobalt Zinc Oxide Nanopowder
Boron Cobalt Iron Alloy
Chloro(pyridine)bis(dimethylglyoximato) cobalt(III)
Chlorotris(triphenylphosphine)cobalt(I)
Chromium Cobalt Metal
Chromium Cobalt Alloy
Chromium Cobalt Iron
Chromium Cobalt Iron Nanoparticles
Chromium Cobalt Nickel
Chromium Cobalt Platinum
Chromium Cobalt Platinum Tantalum
Chromium Cobalt Tantalum
Cobalt 2-Ethylhexanoate
Cobalt Acetate
Cobalt Acetate Solution
Cobalt Acetylacetonate
Cobalt(II) Aluminate
Cobalt Aluminide
Cobalt Aluminum Alloy
Cobalt Aluminum Oxide Nanopowder
Cobalt Aluminum Sputtering Target
Cobalt Arsenide CoAs
Cobalt Arsenide CoAs2
Cobalt Arsenide CoAs3
Cobalt Balls
Cobalt Bands
Cobalt Bar
Cobalt Bits
Cobalt Board
Cobalt Boride (CoB)
Cobalt Boride (Co2B)
Cobalt Boride (Co3B)
Cobalt Boron Sputtering Target
Cobalt Bromate
Cobalt Bromide
Cobalt Bromide, Ultra Dry
Cobalt Capsules
Cobalt Carbide
Cobalt Carbonate
Cobalt Carbonate Hydrate
Cobalt Chloride
Cobalt(II) Chloride Hydrate
Cobalt(II) Chloride Hexahydrate
Cobalt Chloride, Ultra Dry
Cobalt Chloride Solution
Cobalt(III) Chloropentammine Chloride
Cobalt Chromate
Cobalt Chromium Alloy
Cobalt Chromium Metals Alloy Particles
Cobalt Chromium Nickel Iron Molybdenum Manganese
Cobalt Chromium Foam
Cobalt Chromium Aluminum Alloy
Cobalt Chromium Aluminum Sputtering Target
Cobalt Chromium Honeycomb
Cobalt Chromium Molybdenum Alloy
Cobalt Chromium Iron Sputtering Target
Cobalt Chromium Sponge
Cobalt Chromium SputteringTarget
Cobalt Chromium Transition Metals Alloy Powder
Cobalt Chromium Tungsten Nickel Manganese
Cobalt Chromium Wool
Cobalt Chunk
Cobalt Coil
Cobalt Coin
Cobalt Concentrate
Cobalt Crucibles
Cobalt(II) Cyanide Dihydrate
Cobalt Disc
Cobalt Dust
Cobalt Ferrite
Cobalt Flake
Cobalt Flanges
Cobalt Fluoride CoF2
Cobalt Fluoride CoF3
Cobalt(II) Fluoride Tetrahydrate
Cobalt Foam
Cobalt Foil
Cobalt Fragments
Cobalt Gadolinium Sputtering Target
Cobalt Grain
Cobalt Granules
Cobalt Hafnium Niobium
Cobalt Honeycomb
Cobalt Hydroxide
Cobalt Ingot
Cobalt Iodate
Cobalt Iodide
Cobalt Iodide, Ultra Dry
Cobalt Iron
Cobalt Iron Boron
Cobalt Iron Boron Sputtering Target
Cobalt Iron Gadolinium Sputtering Target
Cobalt Iron Oxide
Cobalt Iron Oxide Nanopowder
Cobalt Iron Nanopowder
Cobalt Iron Nickel
Cobalt Iron Nickel Oxide
Cobalt Iron Niobium
Cobalt Iron Sputtering Target
Cobalt Iron Zirconium
Cobalt Lump
Cobalt Magnesium Alloy
Cobalt Mesh
Cobalt Metal
Cobalt Microfoil
Cobalt Microleaf
Cobalt Molybdate
Cobalt Molybdenum Alloy
Cobalt Nanofoil
Cobalt Nanoparticles
Cobalt Nanorods
Cobalt Naphthenate
Cobalt Nickel Sputtering Target
Cobalt Nickel
Cobalt Nickel Chromium Alloy
Cobalt Nickel Chromium Iron Molybdenum Tungsten Titanium
Cobalt Nickel Chromium Molybdenum Alloy
Cobalt Nickel Chromium Sputtering Target
Cobalt Niobium Titanium Alloy
Cobalt Niobium Titanium Metal
Cobalt Niobium Zirconium Alloy
Cobalt Niobium Zirconium Metal
Cobalt Nitrate
Cobalt Nitrate Hexahydrate
Cobalt Nitrate Solution
Cobalt Octoate
Cobalt Oxalate
Cobalt(II) Oxalate Dihydrate
Cobalt(II) Oxide (CoO)
Cobalt(II) Oxide Nanopowder
Cobalt(II,III) Oxide (Co3O4)
Cobalt(II,III) Oxide Nanopowder
Cobalt(III) Oxide (Co2O3)
Cobalt(III) Oxide Nanopowder
Cobalt Oxide Particles
Cobalt Oxide Pellets
Cobalt Oxide Pieces
Cobalt Oxide Powder
Cobalt Oxide Rotatable Sputtering Target
Cobalt Oxide Shot
Cobalt Oxide Sputtering Target
Cobalt Oxide Tablets
Cobalt Palladium Alloy
Cobalt Particles
Cobalt Parts
Cobalt Pebbles
Cobalt Pellets
Cobalt Perchlorate
Cobalt Perchlorate Hexahydrate
Cobalt Phosphate Hydrate
Cobalt Phosphide
Cobalt Phosphide Sputtering Target
Cobalt Pieces
Cobalt Pills
Cobalt Plate
Cobalt Platinum Metal
Cobalt Platinum Alloy
Cobalt Powder
Cobalt Precipitate
Cobalt Puck
Cobalt Rhodium Zirconium
Cobalt Residue
Cobalt Ribbon
Cobalt Rings
Cobalt Rocks
Cobalt Rod
Cobalt Rotatable Sputtering Target
Cobalt Samples
Cobalt Scraps
Cobalt Segments
Cobalt Selenate
Cobalt Selenide
Cobalt Selenide Sputtering Target
Cobalt Selenite
Cobalt Shaving
Cobalt Sheet
Cobalt Shot
Cobalt Silicide
Cobalt Silicide Sputtering Target
Cobalt Sleeves
Cobalt Slug
Cobalt Specimens
Cobalt Spheres
Cobalt Sponge
Cobalt Spring
Cobalt Sputtering Target
Cobalt Strip
Cobalt Sulfate
Cobalt(II) Sulfate Hydrate
Cobalt Sulfate Solution
Cobalt Sulfide (CoS)
Cobalt Sulfide (CoS2)
Cobalt Tantalum Zirconium
Cobalt Tape
Cobalt Telluride
Cobalt Terbium Sputtering Target
Cobalt(II) Titanate
Cobalt(III) Titanate
Cobalt Titanium Alloy
Cobalt Tetrafluoroborate Hexahydrate
Cobalt Trifluoromethanesulfonate
Cobalt Tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate)
Cobalt Tube
Cobalt Tungstate
Cobalt Tungsten Alloy
Cobalt Vanadium Sputtering Target
Cobalt Wafer
Cobalt Wire
Cobalt Wool
Cobalt Zirconate
Cobalt Zirconium SputteringTarget
Cobalt(II) 1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,15,16,17,18,22,23,24,25-hexadecafluoro-29H,31H-phthalocyanine
Cobalt(II) 2-ethylhexanoate Solution
Cobalt(II) Benzoylacetonate
Cobalt(II) Bromide Hydrate
Cobalt(II) Thiocyanate
Cobalt(III) Sepulchrate Trichloride
Cobaltous Sulfate Heptahydrate
Copper Cobalt Alloy
Dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)cobalt(II)
Dysprosium Cobalt Sputtering Target
Dysprosium Iron Cobalt Sputtering Target
Gadolinium Iron Cobalt Sputtering Target
Hexaminecobalt (III) Chloride
Hexammine Cobalt(III) Chloride
Iron Cobalt Nanopowder
Iron Cobalt Sputtering Target
Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferrite
Lanthanum Strontium Cobaltite Ferrite Sputtering Target (LSCF)
Lanthanum-Nickel-Cobalt Alloy
Lithium Cobalt Oxide
Lithium Cobalt Phosphate
Manganese Cobalt Oxide
N,N'-Bis[3-tert-butyl-5-(heptadecafluorooctyl)salicylidene
Nickel Chromium Aluminum Cobalt Alloy
Nickel Chromium Cobalt Alloy
Nickel Chromium Cobalt Molybdenum Titanium Aluminum Alloy
Nickel Chromium Cobalt Molybdenum Titanium Aluminum Iron Alloy
Nickel Cobalt Chromium Alloy
Nickel Cobalt Chromium Nanoparticles
Nickel Cobalt Oxide Nanopowder
Nickel Cobalt Sputtering Target
Potassium Hexacyanocobaltate(III)
Samarium Cobalt
Samarium Cobalt Powder
Samarium Cobalt Sputtering Target
Samarium Strontium Cobalt Oxide
Samarium Strontium Cobalt Oxide Nanopowder
Sodium Hexanitritocobaltate(III)
Terbium Gadolinium Iron Cobalt Sputtering Target
Terbium Iron Cobalt Sputtering Target
Titanium Cobalt Alloy
Titanium Cobalt Sputtering Target
trans-Dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) Chloride
trans-Dinitrobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) Nitrate
Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) Chloride Dihydrate
Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) Nitrate
Vanadium Cobalt Sputtering Target
[N,N'-Bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene) -1,2-phenylenediaminochromium-di-THF]tetracarbonylcobaltate
Cobalt information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.

Cobalt Bohr ModelCobalt has a metallic permeability two thirds that of iron. It exists as a mixture of two allotropes over a wide temperature range. The transformation is slow and accounts in part for the wide variation in the physical properties of cobalt. It is alloyed with iron, nickel and other metals to make Alnico, an alloy of unusual magnetic strength with many important uses. Samarium-cobalt is one of the highest strength magnet alloys known. Cobalt compounds produce a brilliant and permanent blue color in ceramic glazes, glass, pottery, tiles, and enamels. Co-60 is useful as a gamma ray source. Toxicity of cobalt and its compounds are mild by skin contact and moderate by ingestion. Cobalt is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder.

  Hydrogen                                 Helium
  Lithium Beryllium                     Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
  Sodium Magnesium                     Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
  Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Hydrogen Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
  Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
  Cesium Barium Cerium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
  Francium Radium Actinium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Ununquadium Ununpentium Ununhexium Ununseptium Ununoctium
                                     
      Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium    
      Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawerencium    


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Cobalt facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are available for many specific states, forms and shapes on the product pages listed to the left. Elemental or metallic forms include pellets, rod, wire and granules for evaporation source material purposes. Nanoparticles and nanopowders provide ultra high surface area which nanotechnology research and recent experiments demonstrate function to create new and unique properties and benefits.

Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses High Purity (99.999%) Cobalt Oxide (Co3O4) Powderas optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Cobalt is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries.

Cobalt is a Block D, Group 9, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Cobalt's shells is 2, 8, 15, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d7 4s2. In its elemental form cobalt's CAS number is 7440-48-4. The cobalt atom has a radius of 125.3.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Cobalt and its compounds are somewhat toxic by skin contact and moderately toxic by inhalation.

High Purity (99.999%) Cobalt (Co) Sputtering TargetAll elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, thin fillm deposition using sputtering targets and evaporation materials, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology applications. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic Cobalt compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis.

Cobalt is found in cobaltite, erythrite, glaucodot and skutterudite ores. Cobalt is obtained as a by-product of nickel and copper mining. It is not found as a native metal. Cobalt was first discovered by George Brandt in 1737. The origin of the word Cobalt comes from the German word 'Kobalt or Kobold' which translates as "goblin", "elf" or "evil spirit".
French Cobalt German Cobalt Italian cobalto Portuguese Cobalto Spanish cobalto Swedish Kobolt


Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of cobalt and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.
Isotope Atomic Mass % Abundance on Earth
Co-59 58.933200 100


The following table shows the abundance of Cobalt present in the human body and in the universe scaled to parts per billion (ppb) by weight and by atom:
  Typical Human Body Universe
by Weight 20 ppb 3000 ppb
by Atom 2 ppb 60 ppb


Safety Data and Biological Role. The safety data for cobalt metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin. Cobalt compounds have an important biological role in many life forms, including humans. Cobalt forms the core of vitamin B12.

Hardness. Cobalt is a hard, brittle metal measuring 5.5 on the Mohs Scale of mineral hardness.

Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for cobalt (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:
1st Ionization Energy 760.41 kJ mol-1
2nd Ionization Energy 1648.27 kJ mol-1
3rd Ionization Energy 3232.28 kJ mol-1


Conductivity. As to cobalt's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured as to electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 6.24 μΩcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 1.88. The thermal conductivity of cobalt is 100 W m-1 K-1.

Thermal Properties. The melting point and boiling point for cobalt are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.
Heat of Fusion 15.2 kJ mol-1
Heat of Vaporization 382.4 kJ mol-1
Heat of Atomization 423.082 kJ mol-1


Recent Research & Development for Cobalt
  • Tetra-kis(3-cyano-pyridine-?N)bis-(thio-cyanato-?N)cobalt(II) 1,4-dioxane disolvate. Diehr S, Wöhlert S, Boeckmann J, Näther C. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1898. Epub 2011 Nov 30. PMID: 22199656 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Bis(2,4-dioxo-5,5-diphenyl-imidazol-idin-ido-?N)bis-(propane-1,3-diamine-?N,N')cobalt(II). Hu X, Jiang Q, Wang D, Liu H. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1885. Epub 2011 Nov 30. PMID: 22199646 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Poly[aqua-{µ(3)-5-[(pyridin-2-ylmeth-yl)amino]-isophthalato-?N,N':O,O:O}cobalt(II)]. Zhu XH, Cheng XC. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1862. Epub 2011 Nov 30. PMID: 22199630 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • catena-Poly[[[cis-aqua-dibromido-cobalt(II)]-µ-(pyrazine-2-carb-oxy-lic acid)-?N,O:N] monohydrate]. Dares C, Fournier R, Lever AB. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1798-m1799. Epub 2011 Nov 23. PMID: 22199583 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Poly[di-µ(2)-aqua-µ(5)-(pyridine-2,6-dicarboxyl-ato)-µ(3)-(pyridine-2,6-dicarboxyl-ato)-cobalt(II)disodium]. Boyko AN, Golenya IA, Izotova YA, Haukka M, Prisyazhnaya EV. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1782-m1783. Epub 2011 Nov 19. PMID: 22199572 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Diaqua-bis-(pyridine-2-sulfonato-?N,O)cobalt(II). Li ZS, Ng SW. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1781. Epub 2011 Nov 19. PMID: 22199571 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Bis[tris-(ethyl-enediamine-?N,N')cobalt(III)] octa-kis-µ-(3)-oxido-hexa-deca-µ(2)-oxido-tetra-deca-oxido-µ(12)-tetra-oxo-silicato-octa-molybdenum(VI)hexa-vanadium(IV,V) hexa-hydrate. Lu YK, Tian MM, Xu SG, Lü RQ, Liu YQ. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1776-m1777. Epub 2011 Nov 19. PMID: 22199568 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Tetra-aqua-bis-(2-{[5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]sulfan-yl}acetato)-cobalt(II) monohydrate. Yang GR, Li GT. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1746-m1747. Epub 2011 Nov 12. PMID: 22199545 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Tetra-aqua-bis-[3-(pyridin-4-yl)benzoato-?N]cobalt(II). Wang HR, Li GT. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1743. Epub 2011 Nov 12. PMID: 22199542 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Poly[[tetra-aqua-(µ(4)-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxyl-ato)(µ(3)-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxyl-ato)-µ(3)-sulfato-µ(2)-sulfato-cobalt(II)digadolinium(III)] monohydrate]. Zhu LC. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1741-m1742. Epub 2011 Nov 12. PMID: 22199541 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Hexaaqua-cobalt(II) bis-(5-acetyl-2-hy-droxy-benzoate) dihydrate. Han LJ, Yang SP, Fu LL, Gao HL. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1733. Epub 2011 Nov 9. PMID: 22199535 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Dichlorido[(4E,11E)-5,7,12,14-tetra-benzyl-7,14-dimethyl-1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-deca-4,11-diene]cobalt(III) perchlorate. Roy TG, Hazari SK, Barua KK, Ng SW, Tiekink ER. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1722-m1723. Epub 2011 Nov 9. PMID: 22199529 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • {1,2-Bis[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl-?N)meth-yl]benzene}-dichloridozinc(II). Guzei IA, Spencer LC, Budhai A, Darkwa J. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1715-m1716. Epub 2011 Nov 9. PMID: 22199525 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • catena-Poly[[bis-(2,4-dichloro-benzoato)bis-(methanol-?O)cobalt(II)]-µ-4,4'-bipyridine-?N:N']. Hyun MY, Kim PG, Kim C, Kim Y. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1705. Epub 2011 Nov 9. PMID: 22199519 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Bis(pentane-2,4-dionato-?O,O')(1,10-phenanthroline-?N,N')cobalt(II). Perdih F. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1697. Epub 2011 Nov 5. PMID: 22199513 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Diaqua-bis-(dihydrogen 3-aza-niumyl-1-hy-droxy-propyl-idene-1,1-di-phos-phon-ato-?O,O')cobalt(II). Tsaryk NV, Dudko AV, Kozachkova AN, Pekhnyo VI. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1694. Epub 2011 Nov 5. PMID: 22199511 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Tetra-aqua-bis-{3-carb-oxy-5-[(4-carb-oxy-phen-yl)diazen-yl]benzoato-?O}cobalt(II) dihydrate. Bai L, Zhao J. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1689. Epub 2011 Nov 5. PMID: 22199506 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Tetra-aqua-bis-(2-methyl-1H-imidazole-?N)cobalt(II) naphthalene-1,5-disulfonate. Jin Y. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1686. Epub 2011 Nov 5. PMID: 22199503 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Diaqua-bis-(dimethyl sulfoxide-?O)bis(saccharinato-?N)cobalt(II). Potwana FS, Van Zyl WE. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1667-m1668. Epub 2011 Nov 5. PMID: 22199492 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Pulmonary toxicity after exposure to military-relevant heavy metal tungsten alloy particles. Roedel EQ, Cafasso DE, Lee KW, Pierce LM. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2011 Dec 16. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22198552 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
  • Formula Atomic Number Molecular Weight Electronegativity (Pauling) Density Melting Point Boiling Point Vanderwaals radius Ionic radius Energy of first ionization
    Co 27 58.9332 g.mol -1 1.8 8.9 g.cm-3 at 20 °C 1495 °C 2927 °C 200.pm 0.078 nm (+2) ; 0.063 nm (+3) 760.41 kJ.mol-1

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