American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopeia/British Pharmacopeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.See safety data and research below and pricing/lead time above. American Elements specializes in producing high purity Scandium Telluride Sputtering targets with the highest possible density and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes nanoparticles. We also produce Scandium as disc, granules, ingot, pellets, pieces, powder, and rod. Other shapes are available by request.
Scandium is a Block D, Group 3, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Scandium's shells is 2, 8, 9, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d1 4s2. In its elemental form scandium's CAS number is 7440-20-2. The scandium atom has a radius of 160.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Scandium is mildly toxic. Scandium is a metal that has many of the characteristics of the rare earth elements, particularly yttrium. It is a light material with a higher melting point than aluminum giving uses in aerospace and most recently, in racing bicycles and golf clubs. Doping zirconium oxide with scandium oxide produces a low temperature electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells. Scandium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purityproperties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed here. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included. Scandium was first discovered by Lars Nilson in 1879.
Tellurium is a Block P, Group 16, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Tellurium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 6 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4. In its elemental form tellurium's CAS number is 13494-80-9. The tellurium atom has a radius of 143.2.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 206.pm. Tellurium is a p-type semiconductor, and shows greater conductivity in certain directions, depending on alignment of the atoms. It is grown in crystalline form with other elements such as indium telluride. Its conductivity increases slightly with exposure to light which makes many tellurides candidates for solar energyapplications. Tellurium improves the machinability of copper and stainless steel, and its addition to lead decreases the corrosive action of sulfuric acid on lead and improves its strength and hardness. Tellurium is used as a basic ingredient in blasting caps, and is added to cast iron for chill control. Tellurium is used in ceramics. Bismuth telluride has been used in thermoelectric devices. Iron is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Tellurium was first discovered by Franz Muller von Reichenstein in 1782. The name Tellurium originates from the Greek word 'Tellus' meaning Earth. See Tellurium research below.
Scandium Ion-Enhanced Oxidative Dimerization and N-Demethylation of N,N-Dimethylanilines by a Non-Heme Iron(IV)-Oxo Complex.
Park J, Morimoto Y, Lee YM, You Y, Nam W, Fukuzumi S.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Oct 19. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22010853
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Efficacy of smear layer removal at the root tip by using ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid and erbium, chromium: yttrium, scandium, gallium garnet laser.
Peeters HH, Suardita K.
J Endod. 2011 Nov;37(11):1585-9. Epub 2011 Sep 28.
PMID:
22000469
[PubMed - in process]
Novel acridone-modified MCM-41 type silica: Synthesis, characterization and fluorescence tuning.
Hemgesberg M, Dörr G, Schmitt Y, Seifert A, Zhou Z, Klupp Taylor R, Bay S, Ernst S, Gerhards M, Müller TJ, Thiel WR.
Beilstein J Nanotechnol. 2011;2:284-92. Epub 2011 Jun 9.
PMID:
21977441
[PubMed - in process]
Apicoectomies with the Erbium Laser: A Complementary Technique for Retrograde Endodontic Treatment.
Angiero F, Benedicenti S, Signore A, Parker S, Crippa R.
Photomed Laser Surg. 2011 Oct 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21967484
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Structural Chemistry, Monoclinic-to-Orthorhombic Phase Transition, and CO(2) Adsorption Behavior of the Small Pore Scandium Terephthalate, Sc(2)(O(2)CC(6)H(4)CO(2))(3), and Its Nitro- And Amino-Functionalized Derivatives.
Mowat JP, Miller SR, Griffin JM, Seymour VR, Ashbrook SE, Thompson SP, Fairen-Jimenez D, Banu AM, Düren T, Wright PA.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21958382
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Scandium Stimulates the Production of Amylase and Bacilysin in Bacillus subtilis.
Inaoka T, Ochi K.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Sep 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21948839
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Allyl complexes of scandium: synthesis and structure of neutral, cationic and anionic derivatives.
Standfuss S, Abinet E, Spaniol TP, Okuda J.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Oct 11;47(41):11441-3. Epub 2011 Sep 23.
PMID:
21946865
[PubMed - in process]
Model for the evaluation of root wear by histometric analysis.
José Pimentel Lopes de Oliveira G, Silveira Faeda R, Marcantonio E Jr, Chiérici Marcantonio RA.
Microsc Res Tech. 2011 Oct;74(10):920-4. doi: 10.1002/jemt.20976. Epub 2010 Dec 30.
PMID:
21936025
[PubMed - in process]
Scandium-Catalyzed Silylation of Aromatic C?H Bonds.
Oyamada J, Nishiura M, Hou Z.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 Sep 20. doi: 10.1002/anie.201105636. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
21932221
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Lewis acid-catalyzed propargylic etherification and sulfanylation from alcohols in MeNO?-H?O.
Ohta K, Koketsu E, Nagase Y, Takahashi N, Watanabe H, Yoshimatsu M.
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2011;59(9):1133-40.
PMID:
21881257
[PubMed - in process]
Matrix infrared spectroscopic and theoretical studies on the reactions of scandium, yttrium, and lanthanide metal atoms with dimethyl ether.
Gong Y, Andrews L.
J Phys Chem A. 2011 Oct 27;115(42):11624-31. Epub 2011 Oct 3.
PMID:
21870806
[PubMed - in process]
Neutron activation analysis of a particle returned from asteroid Itokawa.
Ebihara M, Sekimoto S, Shirai N, Hamajima Y, Yamamoto M, Kumagai K, Oura Y, Ireland TR, Kitajima F, Nagao K, Nakamura T, Naraoka H, Noguchi T, Okazaki R, Tsuchiyama A, Uesugi M, Yurimoto H, Zolensky ME, Abe M, Fujimura A, Mukai T, Yada Y.
Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1119-21.
PMID:
21868669
[PubMed]
Lanthanide Complexes of Substituted ?-Diketone Hydrazone Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activities.
Hegazy WH, Al-Motawaa IH.
Bioinorg Chem Appl. 2011;2011:531946. Epub 2011 Jun 22.
PMID:
21799665
[PubMed - in process]
Electronic states and spin-orbit splitting of lanthanum dimer.
Liu Y, Wu L, Zhang CH, Krasnokutski SA, Yang DS.
J Chem Phys. 2011 Jul 21;135(3):034309.
PMID:
21787005
[PubMed - in process]
Asymmetric bromoamination of chalcones with a privileged N,N'-dioxide/scandium(III) catalyst.
Huang SX, Ding K.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 Aug 16;50(34):7734-6. doi: 10.1002/anie.201101076. Epub 2011 Jul 15. No abstract available.
PMID:
21766400
[PubMed - in process]
Isocyanide insertion and cyclization reactions to form indolines using pincer-type complexes of scandium.
Wicker BF, Pink M, Mindiola DJ.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Sep 21;40(35):9020-5. Epub 2011 Jul 8.
PMID:
21743908
[PubMed - in process]
Technologic advances in endodontics.
Mortman RE.
Dent Clin North Am. 2011 Jul;55(3):461-80, vii-viii.
PMID:
21726684
[PubMed - in process]
Elemental analysis of lung tissue particles and intracellular iron content of alveolar macrophages in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.
Shimizu Y, Matsuzaki S, Dobashi K, Yanagitani N, Satoh T, Koka M, Yokoyama A, Ohkubo T, Ishii Y, Kamiya T, Mori M.
Respir Res. 2011 Jun 30;12:88.
PMID:
21718529
[PubMed - in process]
Reactivity of a scandium terminal imido complex towards unsaturated substrates.
Chu J, Lu E, Liu Z, Chen Y, Leng X, Song H.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 Aug 8;50(33):7677-80. doi: 10.1002/anie.201102267. Epub 2011 Jun 29. No abstract available.
PMID:
21717544
[PubMed - in process]
Highly enantioselective synthesis of ?-substituted butenolides via the vinylogous Mukaiyama-Michael reaction catalyzed by a chiral scandium(III)-N,N'-dioxide complex.
Zhang Q, Xiao X, Lin L, Liu X, Feng X.
Org Biomol Chem. 2011 Aug 21;9(16):5748-54. Epub 2011 Jun 30.
PMID:
21717015
[PubMed - in process]
Recent Research & Development for Tellurium
Immunocompetence and alterations in hepatic gene expression in rainbow trout exposed to CdS/CdTe quantum dots.
Gagné F, Fortier M, Yu L, Osachoff HL, Skirrow RC, van Aggelen G, Gagnon C, Fournier M.
J Environ Monit. 2010 Jul 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 20596552 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Related citations
Chalcogen chemistry of group(iv) closo-dodecaborates, synthesis, theory and coordination chemistry.
Dimmer JA, Hornung M, Weigend F, Wesemann L.
Dalton Trans. 2010 Jul 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 20593101 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Related citations
New Noncentrosymmetric Tellurite Phosphate Material: Synthesis, Characterization, and Calculations of Te(2)O(PO(4))(2).
Kim MK, Kim SH, Chang HY, Halasyamani PS, Ok KM.
Inorg Chem. 2010 Jun 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 20586470 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Related citations
An Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of Symmetrical Diselenides or Ditellurides from Halides with CuO Nanopowder/Se(0) or Te(0)/Base.
Singh D, Deobald AM, Camargo LR, Tabarelli G, Rodrigues OE, Braga AL.
Org Lett. 2010 Jun 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 20586442 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Related citations
Simultaneously Discrete Biomineralization of Magnetite and Tellurium Nanocrystals in Magnetotactic Bacteria.
Tanaka M, Arakaki A, Staniland SS, Matsunaga T.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010 Jun 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 20581185 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Related citations
Anionic templating in a new layered bismuth tellurium oxychloride, Bi3Te4O10Cl5.
Kim MK, Jo V, Lee DW, Ok KM.
Dalton Trans. 2010 Jul 14;39(26):6037-42. Epub 2010 Mar 18.
PMID: 20571646 [PubMed - in process]
Related citations
Mesostructured assemblies of ultrathin superlong tellurium nanowires and their photoconductivity.
Liu JW, Zhu JH, Zhang CL, Liang HW, Yu SH.
J Am Chem Soc. 2010 Jul 7;132(26):8945-52.
PMID: 20545345 [PubMed - in process]
Related citations
Simultaneous speciation and preconcentration of ultra traces of inorganic tellurium and selenium in environmental samples by hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction prior to electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy determination.
Ghasemi E, Najafi NM, Raofie F, Ghassempour A.
J Hazard Mater. 2010 May 13. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 20542634 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Related citations
A simple, fast, sensitive and quantitative test for tellurite in culture media.
Molina RC, Burra R, Pérez JM, Elías AO, Muñoz C, Montes RA, Chasteen TG, Vásquez CC.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010 Jun 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 20525868 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Related citations
Experimental and theoretical investigations of the contact ion pairs formed by reactions of the anions [(EPR2)2N]- (R = (i)Pr, (t)Bu; E = S, Se) with the cations [(TePR2)2N]+ (R = (i)Pr, (t)Bu).
Robertson SD, Chivers T, Tuononen HM.
Inorg Chem. 2009 Jul 20;48(14):6755-62.
PMID: 20507112 [PubMed - in process]
Related citations
[Spectral analysis of the effect of annealing on CdTe polycrystalline film]
Wang WW, Zheng JG, Feng LH, Cai YP, Lei Z, Zhang JQ, Li B, Li W, Wu LL.
Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi. 2010 Mar;30(3):753-6. Chinese.
PMID: 20496702 [PubMed - in process]
Related citations
Recovery of (131)I from alkaline solution of n-irradiated tellurium target using a tiny Dowex-1 column.
Chattopadhyay S, Saha Das S.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2010 May 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 20471848 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Related citations
Novel condensation of Au-centered trigonal prisms in rare-earth-metal-rich tellurides: Er7Au2Te2 and Lu7Au2Te2.
Gupta S, Corbett JD.
Dalton Trans. 2010 Jul 14;39(26):6074-9. Epub 2010 May 12.
PMID: 20464015 [PubMed - in process]
Related citations
The structures of tellurium(IV) halides in the gas phase and as solvated molecules.
Shlykov SA, Giricheva NI, Titov AV, Szwak M, Lentz D, Girichev GV.
Dalton Trans. 2010 Apr 7;39(13):3245-55. Epub 2010 Feb 8.
PMID: 20449454 [PubMed - in process]
Related citations
Thallium(I) complexes of dichalcogenido imidodiphosphinates {Tl[(EP(i)Pr(2))(2)N]}(n) (E = Te, Se, S): Synthesis, NMR spectra and a structural comparison.
Ritch JS, Chivers T.
Dalton Trans. 2010 Feb 21;39(7):1745-50. Epub 2009 Dec 22.
PMID: 20449417 [PubMed - in process]
Related citations
Engineering. The impact of tellurium supply on cadmium telluride photovoltaics.
Zweibel K.
Science. 2010 May 7;328(5979):699-701. No abstract available.
PMID: 20448173 [PubMed]
Related citations
One-pot large-scale synthesis of robust ultrafine silica-hybridized CdTe quantum dots.
Zhou L, Gao C, Hu X, Xu W.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2010 Apr;2(4):1211-9.
PMID: 20423141 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related citations
Synthesis, multinuclear NMR spectra, and X-ray structures of tBu2PNP(I)tBu2 and EPR2NP(I)R2 (E = Se, Te; R = iPr, tBu).
Ritch JS, Robertson SD, Risto M, Chivers T.
Inorg Chem. 2010 May 17;49(10):4681-6.
PMID: 20402473 [PubMed - in process]
Related citations
New Insights into the Chemistry of Imidodiphosphinates from Investigations of Tellurium-Centered Systems.
Chivers T, Ritch JS, Robertson SD, Konu J, Tuononen HM.
Acc Chem Res. 2010 Apr 19. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 20402459 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Related citations
Simulation-based evaluation and optimization of a new CdZnTe gamma-camera architecture (HiSens).
Robert C, Montémont G, Rebuffel V, Buvat I, Guérin L, Verger L.
Phys Med Biol. 2010 May 7;55(9):2709-26. Epub 2010 Apr 19.
PMID: 20400808 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopeia/British Pharmacopeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.See safety data and research below and pricing/lead time above. American Elements specializes in producing high purity Scandium Telluride Sputtering targets with the highest possible density 
and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes nanoparticles. We also produce Scandium as disc, granules, ingot, pellets, pieces, powder, and rod. Other shapes are available by request.
Scandium is a Block D, Group 3, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Scandium's shells is 2, 8, 9, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d1 4s2. In its elemental form scandium's CAS number is 7440-20-2. The scandium atom has a radius of 160.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Scandium is mildly toxic. Scandium is a metal that has many of the characteristics of the rare earth elements, particularly yttrium. It is a light material with a higher melting point than aluminum giving uses in aerospace and most recently, in racing bicycles and golf clubs. Doping zirconium oxide with scandium oxide produces a low temperature electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells. Scandium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed here. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included. Scandium was first discovered by Lars Nilson in 1879. 
Tellurium is a Block P, Group 16, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Tellurium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 6 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4. In its elemental form tellurium's CAS number is 13494-80-9. The tellurium atom has a radius of 143.2.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 206.pm. Tellurium is a p-type semiconductor, and shows greater conductivity in certain directions, depending on alignment of the atoms. It is grown in crystalline form with other elements such as indium telluride. Its conductivity increases slightly with exposure to light which makes many tellurides candidates for solar energyapplications. Tellurium improves the machinability of copper and stainless steel, and its addition to lead decreases the corrosive action of sulfuric acid on lead and improves its strength and hardness. 
Tellurium is used as 
a basic ingredient in blasting caps, and is added to cast iron for chill control. Tellurium is used in ceramics. Bismuth telluride has been used in thermoelectric devices. Iron is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Tellurium was first discovered by Franz Muller von Reichenstein in 1782. The name Tellurium originates from the Greek word 'Tellus' meaning Earth. See Tellurium research below. 
