Strontium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
 Strontium has low tech applications as an additive to flares and pyrotechnics because of the bright crimson flame produced by its salts. Strontium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It also has many high technology applications because of its high refractive index as a titanate in glass, as a "getter" in electron tubes and as a dopant for numerous perovskite formulations to produce cathodes for oxygen generation or solid oxide fuel cells. Historically the primary use of strontium was to produce CRT glass for color television and computer tubes.
Strontium facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are
available for many specific states, forms and shapes on the product pages listed to the left. Elemental or metallic forms include pellets, rod, wire and granules for evaporation source material purposes. Nanoparticles and nanopowders provide ultra high surface area which nanotechnology research and recent experiments demonstrate function to create new and unique properties and benefits.
Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses  as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Strontium is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries.
Strontium is a Block S, Group 2, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Strontium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 5s2. In its elemental form strontium's CAS number is 7440-24-6. The strontium atom has a radius of 215.1.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm.
The non-radioactive isotopes of Strontium are not toxic.
 All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, thin fillm deposition using sputtering targets and evaporation materials, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology applications. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic Strontium compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis.
Strontium was first discovered by A. Crawford in 1790. Strontium was named after the Scottish town it was discovered in, Strontian.
 Strontium |
 Strontium |
 stronzio |
 Estrôncio |
 estroncio |
 Strontium
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Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of strontium and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.
| Isotope |
Atomic Mass |
% Abundance on Earth |
| Sr-84 |
83.913425 |
0.56 |
| Sr-86 |
85.909262 |
9.86 |
| Sr-87 |
86.908879 |
7.00 |
| Sr-88 |
87.905614 |
82.58 |
The following table shows the abundance of Strontium present in the human body and in the universe scaled to parts per billion (ppb) by weight and by atom:
| |
Typical Human Body |
Universe |
| by Weight |
4600 ppb |
40 ppb |
| by Atom |
330 ppb |
0.06 ppb |
Safety Data and Biological Role. The safety data for strontium metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin. Strontium compounds have no biological role.
Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for strontium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:
| 1st Ionization Energy |
549.48 kJ mol-1 |
| 2nd Ionization Energy |
1064.25 kJ mol-1 |
| 3rd Ionization Energy |
4138.29 kJ mol-1 |
Conductivity. As to strontium's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured as to electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 23 μΩcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 0.95. The thermal conductivity of strontium is 49 W m-1 K-1.
Thermal Properties. The melting point and boiling point for strontium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.
| Heat of Fusion |
9.16 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat of Vaporization |
154.4 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat of Atomization |
164.4 kJ mol-1 |
Recent Research & Development for StrontiumGraphitic carbon growth on crystalline and amorphous oxide substrates using molecular beam epitaxy.
Jerng SK, Yu DS, Lee JH, Kim C, Yoon S, Chun SH.
Nanoscale Res Lett. 2011 Oct 26;6(1):565. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22029707
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Femtosecond laser ablation ICP-MS measurement of otolith Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca composition reveal differential use of freshwater habitats for three amphidromous Sicyopterus (Teleostei: Gobioidei: Sicydiinae) species.
Lord C, Tabouret H, Claverie F, Pécheyran C, Keith P.
J Fish Biol. 2011 Nov;79(5):1304-1321. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03112.x.
PMID:
22026607
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Interfacial Complexation Reactions of Sr(2+) with Octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine Oxide for Understanding Its Extraction in Reprocessing Spent Nuclear Fuels.
Stockmann TJ, Lu Y, Zhang J, Girault HH, Ding Z.
Chemistry. 2011 Oct 24. doi: 10.1002/chem.201102491. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22025385
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Metallo-responsive switching between hexadecameric and octameric supramolecular G-quadruplexes.
Martín-Hidalgo M, Rivera JM.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Oct 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22022705
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Potential antiosteoporosis effect of biodegradable magnesium implanted in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Yang W, Zhang Y, Yang J, Tan L, Yang K.
J Biomed Mater Res A. 2011 Dec;99(3):386-94. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.33201. Epub 2011 Aug 23.
PMID:
22021186
[PubMed - in process]
Synthesis and characterisation of alkaline earth bis(diphenylphosphano)metallocene complexes and heterobimetallic alkaline earth metal/platinum(ii) complexes [Ae(thf)(x)(?(5)-C(5)H(4)PPh(2))(2)Pt(Me)(2)] (Ae = Ca, Sr, Ba).
Daniels DP, Deacon GB, Harakat D, Jaroschik F, Junk PC.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Oct 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22020558
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
[Alopecia areata universalis due to strontium ranelate.]
García Llopis P, Vicente Valor MI, Martínez Cristóbal A.
Med Clin (Barc). 2011 Oct 17. [Epub ahead of print] Spanish. No abstract available.
PMID:
22014845
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Plant and fungal food components with potential activity on the development of microbial oral diseases.
Daglia M, Papetti A, Mascherpa D, Grisoli P, Giusto G, Lingström P, Pratten J, Signoretto C, Spratt DA, Wilson M, Zaura E, Gazzani G.
J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011;2011:274578. Epub 2011 Oct 17.
PMID:
22013381
[PubMed - in process]
Characterization of non-stoichiometric co-sputtered Ba(0.6)Sr (0.4)(Ti (1?-?x )Fe ( x )) (1?+?x )O (3?-?d ) thin films for tunable passive microwave applications.
Stemme F, Geßwein H, Drahus MD, Holländer B, Azucena C, Binder JR, Eichel RA, Haußelt J, Bruns M.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2011 Oct 20. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22012210
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Fast method and ultra fast screening for determination of (90)Sr in milk and dairy products.
Kabai E, Hornung L, Savkin BT, Poppitz-Spuhler A, Hiersche L.
Sci Total Environ. 2011 Oct 12. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22000291
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The status of strontium in biological apatites: an XANES investigation.
Bazin D, Daudon M, Chappard Ch, Rehr JJ, Thiaudière D, Reguer S.
J Synchrotron Radiat. 2011 Nov;18(Pt 6):912-8. Epub 2011 Sep 16.
PMID:
21997917
[PubMed - in process]
Increased strontium uptake in trabecular bone of ovariectomized calcium-deficient rats treated with strontium ranelate or strontium chloride.
Pemmer B, Hofstaetter JG, Meirer F, Smolek S, Wobrauschek P, Simon R, Fuchs RK, Allen MR, Condon KW, Reinwald S, Phipps RJ, Burr DB, Paschalis EP, Klaushofer K, Streli C, Roschger P.
J Synchrotron Radiat. 2011 Nov;18(Pt 6):835-41. Epub 2011 Sep 15.
PMID:
21997907
[PubMed - in process]
Influence of strontium for calcium substitution in bioactive glasses on degradation, ion release and apatite formation.
Fredholm YC, Karpukhina N, Brauer DS, Jones JR, Law RV, Hill RG.
J R Soc Interface. 2011 Oct 12. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21993007
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The fate of minor alkali elements in the chemical evolution of salt lakes.
Witherow RA, Lyons WB.
Saline Systems. 2011 Oct 12;7(1):2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21992434
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Witoto ash salts from the Amazon.
Echeverri JA, Román-Jitdutjaaño OE.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2011 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21986228
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Mapping the Density of Scattering Centers Limiting the Electron Mean Free Path in Graphene.
Giannazzo F, Sonde S, Nigro RL, Rimini E, Raineri V.
Nano Lett. 2011 Oct 12. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21981146
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
"These boots were made for walking": The isotopic analysis of a C(4) Roman inhumation from Gravesend, Kent, UK.
Pollard AM, Ditchfield P, McCullagh JS, Allen TG, Gibson M, Boston C, Clough S, Marquez-Grant N, Nicholson RA.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2011 Nov;146(3):446-56. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.21602. Epub 2011 Sep 30.
PMID:
21959970
[PubMed - in process]
Nanohyperthermia of malignant tumors. I. Lanthanum-strontium manganite magnetic fluid as potential inducer of tumor hyperthermia.
Solopan S, Belous A, Yelenich A, Bubnovskaya L, Kovelskaya A, Podoltsev A, Kondratenko I, Osinsky S.
Exp Oncol. 2011 Sep;33(3):130-5.
PMID:
21956464
[PubMed - in process]
[Radioecological investigation of the soil cover of eastern Urals State radioactive reserve and neighboring areas].
Mikhailovskaia LN, Molchanova IV, Karavaeva EN, Pozolotina VN, Tarasov OV.
Radiats Biol Radioecol. 2011 Jul-Aug;51(4):476-82. Russian.
PMID:
21950106
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
The relative efficacy of nine osteoporosis medications for reducing the rate of fractures in post-menopausal women.
Hopkins RB, Goeree R, Pullenayegum E, Adachi JD, Papaioannou A, Xie F, Thabane L.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2011 Sep 26;12:209.
PMID:
21943363
[PubMed - in process]
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