Barium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
 Barium is a member of the alkaline-earth metals. It has technical applications in glass, electronics and medicine. It is also used in paints and colorants. Barium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Electronic coatings based on barium titanate are essential to cell phones and other microelectroinics. It has long been used in medical diagnostic techniques because it makes a good x-ray contrast medium. Barium is a dopant in various fluorescent lamp coating formulas.
Barium facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are
available for many specific states, forms and shapes on the product pages listed to the left. Elemental or metallic forms include pellets, rod, wire and granules for evaporation source material purposes. Nanoparticles and nanopowders provide ultra high surface area which nanotechnology research and recent experiments demonstrate function to create new and unique properties and benefits.
Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications.Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Barium is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries.
Barium is a Block S, Group 2, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Barium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 6s2. In its elemental form barium's CAS number is 7440-39-3. The barium atom has a radius of 217.4.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm.
 All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, thin fillm deposition using sputtering targets andevaporation materials, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology applications. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic Barium compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis.
Barium was first discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1808.
 Barium |
 Barium |
 bario |
 Bário |
 bario |
 Barium |
Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of barium and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.
| Isotope |
Atomic Mass |
% Abundance on Earth |
| Ba-130 |
129.906310 |
0.106 |
| Ba-132 |
131.905056 |
0.101 |
| Ba-134 |
133.904503 |
2.417 |
| Ba-135 |
134.905683 |
6.592 |
| Ba-136 |
135.904570 |
7.854 |
| Ba-137 |
136.905821 |
11.23 |
| Ba-138 |
137.905241 |
71.70 |
The following table shows the abundance of Barium present in the human body and in the universe scaled to parts per billion (ppb) by weight and by atom:
| |
Typical Human Body |
Universe |
| by Weight |
300 ppb |
10 ppb |
| by Atom |
14 ppb |
0.09 ppb |
Safety Data and Biological Role. The safety data for barium metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin. Barium compounds have no biological role, but have been used in the past as a depilatory agent and a muscle stimulant.
Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for barium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:
| 1st Ionization Energy |
502.86 kJ mol-1 |
| 2nd Ionization Energy |
965.24 kJ mol-1 |
| 3rd Ionization Energy |
- kJ mol-1 |
Conductivity. As to barium's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured as to electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 50 μΩcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 0.89. The thermal conductivity of barium is 18.4 W m-1 K-1.
Thermal Properties. The melting point and boiling point for barium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.
| Heat of Fusion |
7.66 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat of Vaporization |
150.9 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat of Atomization |
180.7 kJ mol-1 |
Recent Research & Development for Barium
The effect of frequency of calcium hydroxide dressing change and various pre- and inter-operative factors on the endodontic treatment of traumatized immature permanent incisors.
Yassen GH, Chin J, Mohammedsharif AG, Alsoufy SS, Othman SS, Eckert G.
Dent Traumatol. 2011 Nov 16. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2011.01089.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22136164
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Thirteen Years' Experience of Diaphragmatic Injury in Children from the Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS), Rohtak, India.
Rattan KN, Narang R, Rohilla S, Maggu S, Dhaulakhandi DB.
Malays J Med Sci. 2011 Jan;18(1):45-51.
PMID:
22135573
[PubMed - in process]
Requirement of Potassium for the Action of Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH) on Frog Skin.
Jared SR, Rao JP.
Zoolog Sci. 2011 Dec;28(12):916-21.
PMID:
22132789
[PubMed - in process]
Removal efficiency of water purifier and adsorbent for iodine, cesium, strontium, barium and zirconium in drinking water.
Sato I, Kudo H, Tsuda S.
J Toxicol Sci. 2011;36(6):829-34.
PMID:
22129747
[PubMed - in process]
Compact pulse forming line using barium titanate ceramic material.
Kumar Sharma S, Deb P, Shukla R, Prabaharan T, Shyam A.
Rev Sci Instrum. 2011 Nov;82(11):115102.
PMID:
22129008
[PubMed - in process]
Barium enema and diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
Claridge LC.
BMJ. 2011 Nov 29;343:d7704. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d7704. No abstract available.
PMID:
22127450
[PubMed - in process]
Preparation methods and thermal stability of Ba-Mn-Ce oxide catalyst for NO(x)-assisted soot oxidation.
Wu X, Lin F, Wang L, Weng D, Zhou Z.
J Environ Sci (China). 2011;23(7):1205-10.
PMID:
22125916
[PubMed - in process]
Mechanisms of the cerebral vasodilator actions of isoflavonoids of Gegen on rat isolated basilar artery.
Deng Y, Ng ES, Yeung JH, Kwan YW, Lau CB, Koon JC, Zhou L, Zuo Z, Leung PC, Fung KP, Lam FF.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2011 Nov 20. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22120017
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
[A new retrievable nitinol alloy stents for treatment of refractory benign esophageal strictures].
Li XH, Hu Y, Yang H, Bella AE, Fu JH.
Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2011 Nov;14(11):875-8. Chinese.
PMID:
22116724
[PubMed - in process]
Long-term follow-up of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe refractory Crohn's disease.
Hommes DW, Duijvestein M, Zelinkova Z, Stokkers PC, Ley MH, Stoker J, Voermans C, van Oers MH, Kersten MJ.
J Crohns Colitis. 2011 Dec;5(6):543-9. Epub 2011 Jun 12.
PMID:
22115372
[PubMed - in process]
A novel multipass scheme for enhancement of second harmonic generation.
Harimoto T, Yo B, Uchida K.
Opt Express. 2011 Nov 7;19(23):22692-7. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.022692.
PMID:
22109150
[PubMed - in process]
Insight into the local structure of barium indate oxide-ion conductors: An X-ray total scattering study.
Mancini A, Shin JF, Orera A, Slater PR, Tealdi C, Ren Y, Page KL, Malavasi L.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Nov 22. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22105971
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Hiatal hernias.
Dean C, Etienne D, Carpentier B, Gielecki J, Tubbs RS, Loukas M.
Surg Radiol Anat. 2011 Nov 22. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22105688
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
New Volatile Strontium and Barium Imidazolate Complexes for the Deposition of Group 2 Metal Oxides.
Norman JA, Perez M, Kim MS, Lei X, Ivanov S, Derecskei-Kovacs A, Matz L, Buchanan I, Rheingold AL.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Nov 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22103761
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
INDIVIDUAL-SPECIFIC TRANSGENERATIONAL MARKING OF FISH POPULATIONS BASED ON A BARIUM DUAL-ISOTOPE PROCEDURE.
Huelga-Suarez G, Moldovan M, Garcia-Valiente A, Garcia-Vazquez E, Alonso JI.
Anal Chem. 2011 Nov 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22103693
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Ileorectal fistula due to a rectal cancer-A case report.
Takahashi M, Fukuda T.
Int J Surg Case Rep. 2011;2(2):20-1. Epub 2010 Nov 27.
PMID:
22096678
[PubMed - in process]
Pilot study: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial of pancrealipase for the treatment of postprandial irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhoea.
Money ME, Walkowiak J, Virgilio C, Talley NJ.
Frontline Gastroenterol. 2011 Jan;2(1):48-56. Epub 2010 Nov 3.
PMID:
22095308
[PubMed]
Functional antagonism of amphetamine versus ethanol on adrenergic neurotransmission in vas deferens of adolescent rats.
Silva Júnior ED, Caricati-Neto A, Jurkiewicz NH, Jurkiewicz A.
Eur J Pharmacol. 2011 Nov 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22094068
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Esophageal inlet patch.
Behrens C, Yen PP.
Radiol Res Pract. 2011;2011:460890. Epub 2011 Mar 30.
PMID:
22091379
[PubMed - in process]
C-A5-02: Is Tailored Screening for Colorectal Cancer based on Gender and Race Cost-Effective?
Flottemesch T; the Prevention Priorities Study Team.
Clin Med Res. 2011 Nov;9(3-4):174.
PMID:
22090618
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher] |
