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  Zinc
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2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-Octaethyl-21H,23H-porphine Zinc(II)
4-Diethylamino-2-Methylbenzenediazonium
Chloride, Zinc Chloride Double Salt
5,10,15,20-Tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphine Zinc
8-Hydroxyquinoline Zinc
Aluminum Zinc Oxide
Aluminum-doped Zinc Oxide Nanopowder
Antimony Zinc Oxide
Barium Zirconate
Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)zinc(II)
Bis(2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinolinato)zinc
Bis(pentafluorophenyl)zinc
Bismuth Cobalt Zinc Oxide
Bismuth Cobalt Zinc Oxide Nanopowder
Brass Electrodes
Cadmium Selenide/Zinc Sulfide Quantum Dots
Cadmium Zinc
Copper Aluminum Zinc Alloy
Copper Zinc Alloy Flakes
Copper Zinc Alloy Particles
Copper Zinc Alloy Powder
Copper-Zinc Prisms
Copper Zinc Nanoparticles
Copper Zinc Iron Oxide Nanopowder
Copper Zinc Silver Alloy
Copper Zinc Sputtering Target
Copper-Zinc Alloy Nanoprisms
Copper-Zinc Alloy Nanopowder
Dichloro(N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine)zinc
Diisopropyl Zinc Solution
Fumaric Acid Monoethyl Ester Zinc Salt
GZO (Gadolinium Oxide doped Zinc Oxide)
Gallium-doped Zinc Oxide Nanopowder
Indium Zinc Oxide
Magnesium Zinc Oxide Sputtering Target
Nickel Zinc Iron Oxide Nanopowder
p-Diazo-N,N-diethyl-m-toluidine hemi(zinc chloride) salt
Silver Cadmium Zinc Copper Alloy Particles
Silver Cadmium Zinc Copper Alloy Powder
Silver Copper Zinc Alloy
Silver Copper Zinc Manganese Nickel Alloy
Silver Copper Zinc Nickel Alloy
Silver Copper Zinc Tin Alloy
Tin Bismuth Zinc Alloy
Tin Silver Zinc Alloy
Tin Zinc Alloy
Ultra Thin Zinc Foil
Zinc 1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,15,16,17,18,22,23,24,25-hexadecafluoro-29H,31H-phthalocyanine
Zinc 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octabutoxy-29H,31H-phthalocyanine
Zinc 2,11,20,29-tetra-tert-butyl-2,3-naphthalocyanine
Zinc 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis(octyloxy)-29H,31H-phthalocyanine
Zinc 2,9,16,23-tetra-tert-butyl-29H,31H-phthalocyanine
Zinc 2,9,16,23-tetrakis(phenylthio)-29H,31H-phthalocyanine
Zinc 2-Ethylhexanoate
Zinc 29H,31H-tetrabenzo[b,g,l,q]porphine
Zinc 3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylate
Zinc 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine
Zinc 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine Tetrakis(methochloride)
Zinc Acetate
Zinc Acetate Solution
Zinc Acetylacetonate
Zinc Acrylate
Zinc Aluminium Rotatable Sputtering Target
Zinc Aluminum Oxide Rotatable Sputtering Target
Zinc Aluminum Oxide Sputtering Target
Zinc Aluminum Sputtering Target
Zinc Antimonide
Zinc Antimonide Concentrate
Zinc Antimonide Dust
Zinc Antimonide Grain
Zinc Antimonide Granules
Zinc Antimonide Powder
Zinc Antimonide Precipitate
Zinc Antimonide Residue
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Zinc Antimonide Sputtering Target
Zinc Arsenate
Zinc Arsenide
Zinc Arsenide Sputtering Target
Zinc Balls
Zinc Bands
Zinc Bars
Zinc Benzenesulfinate Dihydrate
Zinc Bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amide]
Zinc bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide
Zinc Bits
Zinc Board
Zinc Borate Pentahydrate
Zinc Borohydride
Zinc Briquette
Zinc Bromate
Zinc Bromide
Zinc Bromide, Ultra Dry
Zinc Cadmium Selenide/Zinc Sulfide Quantum Dots
Zinc Cadmium Tellurium Granule
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Zinc Capsules
Zinc Carbide
Zinc Carbide Foam
Zinc Carbonate
Zinc Chloride
Zinc Chloride, Ultra Dry
Zinc Chloride Solution
Zinc Chlorothiophenolate
Zinc Chromate
Zinc Chunk
Zinc Circle
Zinc Citrate Dihydrate
Zinc Coil
Zinc Coins
Zinc Concentrate
Zinc Crucibles
Zinc Cylinder
Zinc Diethyldithiocarbamate
Zinc Dimethyldithiocarbamate
Zinc Disc
Zinc Dust
Zinc Electrodes
Zinc Flanges
Zinc Fluoride
Zinc Fluoride Sputtering Target
Zinc Fluoroborate
Zinc Foam
Zinc Foil
Zinc Fragments
Zinc Gallium Oxide Sputtering Target
Zinc Grain
Zinc Granules
Zinc Germanium Phosphorus Granules
Zinc Germanium Phosphorus Powder
Zinc Germanium Phosphorus Lump
Zinc Hexafluoroacetylacetonate Dihydrate
Zinc Hexafluorosilicate Hydrate
Zinc Honeycomb
Zinc Hydroxide
Zinc Indium Tellurium Granules
Zinc Indium Tellurium Lump
Zinc Indium Tellurium Powder
Zinc Ingot
Zinc Iodate
Zinc Iodide
Zinc Iodide, Ultra Dry
Zinc Iron Oxide
Zinc Iron Oxide Nanopowder
Zinc Lump
Zinc Manganese Oxide Sputtering Target
Zinc Manganese Telluride
Zinc Mesh
Zinc Metal
Zinc Methacrylate
Zinc Molybdate
Zinc Mossy
Zinc Nanoparticles
Zinc Nanorods
Zinc Naphthenate
Zinc Niobate
Zinc Nitrate
Zinc Nitrate Solution
Zinc Nitride
Zinc Nugget
Zinc Octoate
Zinc Oxalate
Zinc Oxide
Zinc Oxide (Gallium Doped) - Ga:ZnO
Zinc Oxide Nanopowder
Zinc Oxide Nanowire
Zinc Oxide Particles
Zinc Oxide Pellets
Zinc Oxide/Phosphorus Oxide Sputtering Target
Zinc Oxide Pieces
Zinc Oxide Powder
Zinc Oxide Rotatable Sputtering Target
Zinc Oxide Shot
Zinc Oxide Sputtering Target
Zinc Oxide Tablets
Zinc p-toluenesulfonate Hydrate
Zinc Particles
Zinc Parts
Zinc Pebbles
Zinc Pellets
Zinc Perchlorate Hexahydrate
Zinc Phosphate
Zinc Phosphate Dihydrate
Zinc Phosphide
Zinc Phosphide Sputtering Target
Zinc Phthalocyanine
Zinc Pieces
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Zinc Residue
Zinc Ribbon
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Zinc Rocks
Zinc Rod
Zinc Rotatable Sputtering Target
Zinc Samples
Zinc Scraps
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Zinc Selenide
Zinc Selenide Sputtering Target
Zinc Selenide Windows
Zinc Selenite
Zinc Shaving
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Zinc Stearate
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Zinc Sulfate
Zinc Sulfate Heptahydrate
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Zinc Sulfate Solution
Zinc Sulfide
Zinc Sulfide Sputtering Target
Zinc Sulfide Windows
Zinc Tape
Zinc Telluride
Zinc Telluride Sputtering Target
Zinc Tetrafluoroborate Hydrate
Zinc Tin Oxide Sputtering Target
Zinc Tin Phosphorus Granules
Zinc Tin Phosphorus Lump
Zinc Tin Phosphorus Powder
Zinc Titanate (ZnTiO3)
Zinc Titanate (Zn2TiO4)
Zinc Titanate Nanopowder
Zinc Trifluoroacetate Hydrate
Zinc Trifluoromethanesulfonate
Zinc Tubes
Zinc Tungstate
Zinc Undecylenate
Zinc Wafer
Zinc Wire
Zinc Wool
Zinc(II) Arsenide
Zinc(II) Tetranitrophthalocyanine
Zinc-64 Oxide Isotope
Zinc-66 Isotope
Zinc-66 Oxide Isotope
Zinc-67 Isotope
Zinc-67 Oxide Isotope
Zinc-68 Isotope
Zinc-68 Oxide Isotope
Zinc-70 Isotope
Zinc-70 Oxide Isotope
Zn Cd Se
Zn Cd Te
Zn Mg SSe
ZnSSe
[3,4-Toluenedithiolato(2-)]zinc Hydrate
Zinc information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.

Zinc Bohr ModelZinc is a bluish-white, lustrous metal. It is brittle at ordinary temperatures but malleable at 100 to 150 o C. It is a fair conductor of electricity, and burns in air at high red heat with evolution of white clouds of the oxide. Combined with other elements as ores, Zinc is found in nature.It has unusual electrical, thermal, optical, and solid-state properties that have not been fully investigated. The metal is employed to form numerous alloys with other metals. Brass, nickel silver, commercial bronze, soft solder, and aluminum solder are some of the more important alloys. Large quantities of zinc are used to produce die castings, which are used extensively by the automotive, electrical, and hardware industries. Zinc is also used extensively to galvanize other metals such as iron to prevent corrosion. Zinc oxide is widely used in the manufacture of paints, rubber products, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, floor coverings, plastics, printing inks, soap, storage batteries, textiles, electrical equipment, and other products. Zinc sulfide is used in making luminous dials, X-ray and TV screens, and fluorescent lights The chloride and chromate are also important compounds. Zinc is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. The element name Zinc originates from the German word 'zin" meaning tin.

  Hydrogen                                 Helium
  Lithium Beryllium                     Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
  Sodium Magnesium                     Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
  Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Hydrogen Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
  Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
  Cesium Barium Cerium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
  Francium Radium Actinium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Ununquadium Ununpentium Ununhexium Ununseptium Ununoctium
                                     
      Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium    
      Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawerencium    


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Zinc facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are available for many specific states, forms and shapes on the product pages listed to the left. Elemental or metallic forms include pellets, rod, wire and granules for evaporation source material purposes. Nanoparticles and nanopowders provide ultra high surface area which nanotechnology research and recent experiments demonstrate function to create new and unique properties and benefits.

Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such usesHigh Purity (99.999%) Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Powder as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Zinc is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries.

Zinc is a Block D, Group 12, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Zinc's shells is 2, 8, 18, 2, and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2. In its elemental form zinc's CAS number is 7440-66-6. The zinc atom has a radius of 133.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 139.pm.

High Purity (99.9999%) Zinc (Zn) Sputtering TargetAll elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, thin fillm deposition using sputtering targets and evaporation materials, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology applications. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic Zinc compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis.

Zinc was first discovered by Andreas Marggraf in 1746.
French Zinc German Zink Italian Zinco Portuguese Zinco Spanish Cinc Swedish Zink


Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of zinc and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.
Isotope Atomic Mass % Abundance on Earth
Zn-64 63.929147 48.6
Zn-66 65.926037 27.9
Zn-67 66.927131 4.1
Zn-68 67.924848 18.8
Zn-70 69.925325 0.6


The following table shows the abundance of Zinc present in the human body and in the universe scaled to parts per billion (ppb) by weight and by atom:
  Typical Human Body Universe
by Weight 33000 ppb 300 ppb
by Atom 3200 ppb 6 ppb


Safety Data and Biological Role. The safety data for zinc metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin. Zinc compounds have several important biological roles. Zinc is a key element of many enzymes and the hormone insulin also contains zinc. Zinc also plays an essential role in sexual maturation and reproduction. A deficiency of zinc can result in stunted growth and male sexual immaturity.

Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for zinc (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:
1st Ionization Energy 906.41 kJ mol-1
2nd Ionization Energy 1733.31 kJ mol-1
3rd Ionization Energy 3832.71 kJ mol-1


Conductivity. As to zinc's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured as to electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 5.96 μΩcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 1.65. The thermal conductivity of zinc is 116 W m-1 K-1.

Thermal Properties. The melting point and boiling point for zinc are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.
Heat of Fusion 6.67 kJ mol-1
Heat of Vaporization 114.2 kJ mol-1
Heat of Atomization 130.181 kJ mol-1


Recent Research & Development for Zinc
  • Loss of BRCA1-A Complex Function in RAP80 Null Tumor Cells. Bian C, Wu R, Cho K, Yu X. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e40406. Epub 2012 Jul 6. PMID: 22792303 [PubMed - in process] Free Article

  • CCCH-Type Zinc Finger Family in Maize: Genome-Wide Identification, Classification and Expression Profiling under Abscisic Acid and Drought Treatments. Peng X, Zhao Y, Cao J, Zhang W, Jiang H, Li X, Ma Q, Zhu S, Cheng B. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e40120. Epub 2012 Jul 6. PMID: 22792223 [PubMed - in process] Free Article

  • IL-1beta Signals through the EGF Receptor and Activates Egr-1 through MMP-ADAM. Sanchez-Guerrero E, Chen E, Kockx M, An SW, Chong BH, Khachigian LM. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e39811. Epub 2012 Jul 6. PMID: 22792188 [PubMed - in process] Free Article

  • Suppression of Bmp4 signaling by the zinc-finger repressors Osr1 and Osr2 is required for Wnt/ß-catenin-mediated lung specification in Xenopus. Rankin SA, Gallas AL, Neto A, Gómez-Skarmeta JL, Zorn AM. Development. 2012 Jul 12. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22791896 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • A SHORT INTERNODES (SHI) family transcription factor gene regulates awn elongation and pistil morphology in barley. Yuo T, Yamashita Y, Kanamori H, Matsumoto T, Lundqvist U, Sato K, Ichii M, Jobling SA, Taketa S. J Exp Bot. 2012 Jul 12. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22791834 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Free Article

  • Protein Kinase D1 mediates anchorage-dependent and independent growth of tumor cells via the zinc-finger transcription factor Snail1. Eiseler T, Koehler C, Nimmagadda SC, Jamali A, Funk N, Joodi G, Storz P, Seufferlein T. J Biol Chem. 2012 Jul 12. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22791710 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Free Article

  • Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Porphyrin Conjugates as Broadly Absorbing Sensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Warnan J, Favereau L, Meslin F, Severac M, Blart E, Pellegrin Y, Jacquemin D, Odobel F. ChemSusChem. 2012 Jul 12. doi: 10.1002/cssc.201100764. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22791585 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Toward Ultralow-Bandgap Liquid Crystalline Semiconductors: Use of Triply Fused Metalloporphyrin Trimer-Pentamer as Extra-large p-Extended Mesogenic Motifs. Tanaka S, Sakurai T, Honsho Y, Saeki A, Seki S, Kato K, Takata M, Osuka A, Aida T. Chemistry. 2012 Jul 12. doi: 10.1002/chem.201201101. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22791554 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Insights into the Temperature-Dependent "Breathing" of a Flexible Fluorinated Metal-Organic Framework. Fernandez CA, Thallapally PK, Liu J, Exarhos GJ. Chemphyschem. 2012 Jul 12. doi: 10.1002/cphc.201200243. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22791542 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Complexation of divalent metal ions with diols in the presence of anion auxiliary ligands: zinc-induced oxidation of ethylene glycol to glycolaldehyde by consecutive hydride ion and proton shifts. Ruttink PJ, Dekker LJ, Luider TM, Burgers PC. J Mass Spectrom. 2012 Jul;47(7):869-74. doi: 10.1002/jms.3039. PMID: 22791254 [PubMed - in process]

  • Mammalian metallothioneins: properties and functions. Babula P, Masarik M, Adam V, Eckschlager T, Stiborova M, Trnkova L, Skutkova H, Provaznik I, Hubalek J, Kizek R. Metallomics. 2012 Jul 13. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22791193 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Neurochemical Characterization of Zinc Transporter 3-Like Immunoreactive (ZnT3(+)) Neurons in the Intramural Ganglia of the Porcine Duodenum. Wojtkiewicz J, Gonkowski S, Równiak M, Crayton R, Majewski M, Jalynski M. J Mol Neurosci. 2012 Jul 12. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22791190 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Occurrence of multidrug-resistant and toxic-metal tolerant enterococci in fresh feces from urban pigeons in Brazil. da Silva VL, Caçador NC, da Silva Cdos S, Fontes CO, Garcia GD, Nicoli JR, Diniz CG. Microbes Environ. 2012;27(2):179-85. PMID: 22791051 [PubMed - in process] Free Article

  • Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Investigation of Mechanochemically Processed Silver Doped ZnO Nanoparticles. Talari MK, Abdul Majeed AB, Tripathi DK, Tripathy M. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2012;60(7):818-24. PMID: 22790812 [PubMed - in process] Free Article

  • Estimated equilibrated dietary intakes for nine minerals (na, k, ca, mg, p, fe, zn, cu, and mn) adjusted by mineral balance medians in young Japanese females. Nishimuta M, Kodama N, Shimada M, Yoshitake Y, Matsuzaki N, Morikuni E. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2012;58(2):118-28. PMID: 22790570 [PubMed - in process] Free Article

  • Influence of core-finishing intervals on tensile strength of cast posts-and-cores luted with zinc phosphate cement. Iglesias MA, Mesquita GC, Pereira AG, Dantas LC, Raposo LH, Soares CJ, Mota AS. Braz Oral Res. 2012 Aug;26(4):378-83. PMID: 22790502 [PubMed - in process] Free Article

  • Evaluation of electrochemical generation of volatile zinc hydride by heated quartz tube atomizer atomic absorption spectrometry. Arbab-Zavar MH, Chamsaz M, Youssefi A, Aliakbari M. Anal Sci. 2012;28(7):717-22. PMID: 22790376 [PubMed - in process] Free Article

  • Resolution of Cranial MRI and SPECT Abnormalities in a Patient with Wilson's Disease Following Oral Zinc Monotherapy. Ishida S, Doi Y, Yamane K, Sugino M, Kimura F, Hanafusa T, Fukui H, Tamai H. Intern Med. 2012;51(13):1759-63. Epub 2012 Jul 1. PMID: 22790141 [PubMed - in process] Free Article

  • Photoluminescence and positron annihilation spectroscopic investigation on a H(+) irradiated ZnO single crystal. Sarkar A, Chakrabarti M, Sanyal D, Bhowmick D, Dechoudhury S, Chakrabarti A, Rakshit T, Ray SK. J Phys Condens Matter. 2012 Jul 12;24(32):325503. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22790024 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Imaging of stroke: a comparison between X-ray fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging methods. Zheng W, Haacke EM, Webb SM, Nichol H. Magn Reson Imaging. 2012 Jul 10. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22789844 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]




  • Formula Atomic Number Molecular Weight Electronegativity (Pauling) Density Melting Point Boiling Point Vanderwaals radius Ionic radius Energy of first ionization
    Zn 30 65.37 g.mol -1 1.6 7.11 g.cm-3 at 20 °C 420 °C 907 °C 139.pm 0.074 nm (+2) 906.41 kJ.mol-1

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