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Tin information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
Tin compounds sprayed onto glass are used to produce electrically conductive coatings. These have been used for panel lighting and for frost-free windshields. Most window glass is now made by floating molten glass on molten tin (float glass) to produce a flat surface. Crystalline tin-niobium alloy is superconductive at very low temperatures. This promises to be important in the construction of superconductive magnets that generate enormous field strengths but use practically no power. Arsenic is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. An important tin compound is the chloride, which is used as a reducing agent and as a mordant in calico printing. Tin is also used in various metal alloys (See AE Alloys). Tin facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are
Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Tin is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries. Tin is a Block P, Group 14, Period 5 element. The electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2. In its elemental form tin's CAS number is 7440-31-5. The tin atom has a radius of 140.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 217.pm.All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology advantages. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic Tin compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis. Tin was first discovered by Early Man..
Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of tin and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope. |
Étain 
Zinn 
Stagno 
Estanho
Estaño 
Tenn Isotope |
Atomic Mass |
% Abundance on Earth |
Sn-112 |
111.904821 |
0.97 |
Sn-114 |
113.902782 |
0.65 |
Sn-115 |
114.903346 |
0.34 |
Sn-116 |
115.901744 |
14.53 |
Sn-117 |
116.902954 |
7.68 |
Sn-118 |
117.901606 |
24.23 |
Sn-119 |
118.903309 |
8.59 |
Sn-120 |
119.902197 |
32.59 |
Sn-122 |
121.903440 |
4.63 |
Sn-124 |
123.905275 |
5.79 |
Safety Data. The safety data for tin metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin.
Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for tin (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table: |
1st Ionization Energy |
708.58 kJ mol-1 |
2nd Ionization Energy |
1411.81 kJ mol-1 |
3rd Ionization Energy |
2943.07 kJ mol-1 |
Conductivity. As to tin's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured as to electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 11 μΩcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 1.96. The thermal conductivity of tin is 66.6 W m-1 K-1.
Thermal Properties. The melting point and boiling point for tin are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization. |
Heat of Fusion |
7.2 kJ mol-1 |
Heat of Vaporization |
296.2 kJ mol-1 |
Heat of Atomization |
302 kJ mol-1 |
| Formula | Atomic Number | Molecular Weight | Electronegativity (Pauling) | Density | Melting Point | Boiling Point |
Vanderwaals radius |
Ionic radius | Energy of first ionization |
| Sn | 50 | 118.69 g.mol -1 | 1.8 | 5.77 g.cm-3 at 20 °C | 232 °C | 2270 °C | 217.pm | 0.112 nm (+2) ; 0.070 (+4) | 708.58 kJ.mol-1 |
| PRODUCT CATALOG | U.S. Operations | Submicron & Nanopowder | Tolling | Ultra High Purity | Sputtering Target | Crystal Growth | Rod, Plate, Powder, etc. | Foil |
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