American Elements specializes in producing Thulium Bromide in an ultra dry form for use as a compound in semiconductors and other high purity applications. Ultra Dry Thulium Bromide is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Thulium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Thulium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe]4f136s2. In its elemental form thulium's CAS number is 7440-30-4. The thulium atom has a radius of 172.4.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Thulium is not toxic. Thulium is representative of the other lanthanides (rare earths) similar in chemistry to Yttrium. Thulium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Thulium emits blue upon excitation. Flat panel screens depend critically on bright blue emitters. Also, under X-ray bombardment emissions are in both the 375 nm (ultra violet) and 465 (visible blue) wave lengths. This gives the material useful applications in low radiation detection for detection badges and similar uses. It is also used in other luminescence applications, such as halide discharge lamps. Thulium was first discovered by Theodore Cleve in 1879. Thulium is named after "Thule", which is the ancient name of Scandinavia. See Thulium research below.
How do traces of thulium explain photodarkening in Yb doped fibers?
Peretti R, Jurdyc AM, Jacquier B, Gonnet C, Pastouret A, Burov E, Cavani O.
Opt Express. 2010 Sep 13;18(19):20455-60. doi: 10.1364/OE.18.020455.PMID: 20940938 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Pulse characteristics of a passively mode-locked thulium fiber laser with positive and negative cavity dispersion.
Haxsen F, Wandt D, Morgner U, Neumann J, Kracht D.
Opt Express. 2010 Aug 30;18(18):18981-8. doi: 10.1364/OE.18.018981.PMID: 20940792 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Tm3+-doped tellurite glasses for fiber amplifiers in broadband optical communication at 1.20 µm wavelength region.
Zhou B, Lin H, Pun EY.
Opt Express. 2010 Aug 30;18(18):18805-10. doi: 10.1364/OE.18.018805.PMID: 20940773 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Pulse energy of 151 nJ from ultrafast thulium-doped chirped-pulse fiber amplifier.
Haxsen F, Wandt D, Morgner U, Neumann J, Kracht D.
Opt Lett. 2010 Sep 1;35(17):2991-3. doi: 10.1364/OL.35.002991.PMID: 20808393 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Thulium laser urethrotomy for urethral stricture: a preliminary report.
Wang L, Wang Z, Yang B, Yang Q, Sun Y.
Lasers Surg Med. 2010 Sep;42(7):620-3.PMID: 20806387 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
A 2-microm continuous-wave laser system for safe and high-precision dissection during NOTES procedures.
Dray X, Donatelli G, Krishnamurty DM, Dubcenco E, Wroblewski RJ, Assumpcao L, Giday SA, Buscaglia JM, Shin EJ, Magno P, Pipitone LJ, Marohn MR, Kantsevoy SV, Kalloo AN.
Dig Dis Sci. 2010 Sep;55(9):2463-70.PMID: 20704034 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Non-classical divalent lanthanide complexes.
Nief F.
Dalton Trans. 2010 Aug 7;39(29):6589-98. Epub 2010 Mar 25.PMID: 20631944 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Modulated and continuous-wave operations of low-power thulium (Tm:YAP) laser in tissue welding.
Bilici T, Tabakoglu HO, Topaloglu N, Kalaycioglu H, Kurt A, Sennaroglu A, Gülsoy M.
J Biomed Opt. 2010 May-Jun;15(3):038001.PMID: 20615047 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Passively Q-switched erbium all-fiber lasers by use of thulium-doped saturable-absorber fibers.
Tsai TY, Fang YC, Hung SH.
Opt Express. 2010 May 10;18(10):10049-54. doi: 10.1364/OE.18.010049.PMID: 20588858 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of copper with a 2 microm thulium fiber laser.
Baudelet M, Willis CC, Shah L, Richardson M.
Opt Express. 2010 Apr 12;18(8):7905-10. doi: 10.1364/OE.18.007905.PMID: 20588632 [PubMed]Related citations
The impact of minimally invasive surgeries for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia on male sexual function: a systematic review.
Frieben RW, Lin HC, Hinh PP, Berardinelli F, Canfield SE, Wang R.
Asian J Androl. 2010 Jul;12(4):500-8. Epub 2010 May 17. Review.PMID: 20473318 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Study of encapsulated 170Tm sources for their potential use in brachytherapy.
Ballester F, Granero D, Perez-Calatayud J, Venselaar JL, Rivard MJ.
Med Phys. 2010 Apr;37(4):1629-37.PMID: 20443484 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Heterometallic Na-Y(Ln) trifluoroacetate diglyme complexes as novel single-source precursors for upconverting NaYF4 nanocrystals co-doped with Yb and Er/Tm ions.
Mishra S, Daniele S, Ledoux G, Jeanneau E, Joubert MF.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2010 Jun 7;46(21):3756-8. Epub 2010 Apr 16.PMID: 20401365 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Ytterbium-sensitized Thulium-doped fiber laser in the near-IR with 980 nm pumping.
Pal A, Dhar A, Das S, Chen SY, Sun T, Sen R, Grattan KT.
Opt Express. 2010 Mar 1;18(5):5068-74. doi: 10.1364/OE.18.005068.PMID: 20389519 [PubMed]Related citations
Novel type of bicellar disks from a mixture of DMPC and DMPE-DTPA with complexed lanthanides.
Beck P, Liebi M, Kohlbrecher J, Ishikawa T, Rüegger H, Fischer P, Walde P, Windhab E.
Langmuir. 2010 Apr 20;26(8):5382-7.PMID: 20384368 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
In vivo MRI multicontrast kinetic analysis of the uptake and intracellular trafficking of paramagnetically labeled liposomes.
Delli Castelli D, Dastrù W, Terreno E, Cittadino E, Mainini F, Torres E, Spadaro M, Aime S.
J Control Release. 2010 Jun 15;144(3):271-9. Epub 2010 Mar 15.PMID: 20230865 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Thulium: YAG 2 mum cw laser prostatectomy: where do we stand?
Bach T, Xia SJ, Yang Y, Mattioli S, Watson GM, Gross AJ, Herrmann TR.
World J Urol. 2010 Apr;28(2):163-8. Epub 2010 Mar 5. Review.PMID: 20204378 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Motor cortex dysfunction in complex regional pain syndrome.
Kirveskari E, Vartiainen NV, Gockel M, Forss N.
Clin Neurophysiol. 2010 Jul;121(7):1085-91. Epub 2010 Feb 24.PMID: 20185362 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
High-power linearly-polarized single-frequency thulium-doped fiber Master-Oscillator Power-Amplifier.
Pearson L, Kim JW, Zhang Z, Ibsen M, Sahu JK, Clarkson WA.
Opt Express. 2010 Jan 18;18(2):1607-12. doi: 10.1364/OE.18.001607.PMID: 20173987 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Recent Research & Development for Bromides
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation by aminoflavone: New molecular target for renal cancer treatment.
Callero MA, Suárez GV, Luzzani G, Itkin B, Nguyen B, Loaiza-Perez AI.
Int J Oncol. 2012 Apr 5. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1427. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22485252
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Marine bromophenol bis(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl) ether, induces mitochondrial apoptosis in K562 cells and inhibits topoisomerase I in vitro.
Liu M, Zhang W, Wei J, Qiu L, Lin X.
Toxicol Lett. 2012 Mar 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22484147
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
One-pot synthesis of aptamer functionalized silver nanoclusters for cell-type specific imaging.
Li J, Zhong X, Cheng F, Zhang JR, Jiang LP, Zhu JJ.
Anal Chem. 2012 Apr 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22482827
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Metabolic Activation of Prasugrel : Nature of the two Competitive Pathways Resulting in the Opening of its Thiophene Ring.
Dansette PM, Rosi J, Debernardi J, Bertho G, Mansuy D.
Chem Res Toxicol. 2012 Apr 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22482514
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
GnRH-III based multifunctional drug delivery systems containing daunorubicin and methotrexate.
Leurs U, Lajkó E, Mezo G, Orbán E, Ohlschläger P, Marquardt A, Kohidai L, Manea M.
Eur J Med Chem. 2012 Mar 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22480495
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Hepatoprotective effects and HSV-1 activity of the hydroethanolic extract of Cecropia glaziovii (embaúba-vermelha) against acyclovir-resistant strain.
Petronilho F, Dal-Pizzol F, Costa GM, Kappel VD, de Oliveira SQ, Fortunato J, Cittadini-Zanette V, Fonseca Moreira JC, Oliveira Simões CM, Dal-Pizzol F, Reginatto FH.
Pharm Biol. 2012 Apr 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22480215
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A solution-based nano-plasmonic sensing technique by using gold nanorods.
Ho FH, Wu YH, Ujihara M, Imae T.
Analyst. 2012 Apr 5. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22479700
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
In vitro antiproliferative effects of the indole alkaloid vallesiachotamine on human melanoma cells.
Soares PR, de Oliveira PL, de Oliveira CM, Kato L, Guillo LA.
Arch Pharm Res. 2012 Mar;35(3):565-71. Epub 2012 Apr 5.
PMID:
22477204
[PubMed - in process]
Role of a novel pyridostigmine bromide-phospholipid nanocomplex in improving oral bioavailability.
Tan QY, Hu NN, Liu GD, Yin HF, Zhang L, Wang H, Lu LY, Zhang JQ.
Arch Pharm Res. 2012 Mar;35(3):499-508. Epub 2012 Apr 5.
PMID:
22477197
[PubMed - in process]
Alkyl-chain disorder in tetraisohexylammonium bromide.
Kelland MA, Thompson AL.
Acta Crystallogr C. 2012 Apr;68(Pt 4):o152-5. Epub 2012 Mar 7.
PMID:
22476146
[PubMed - in process]
Electrosynthesis of a Sc3N@Ih-C80 Methano Derivative from Trianionic Sc3N@Ih-C80.
Li FF, Rodriguez-Fortea A, Peng P, Campos Chavez GA, Poblet JM, Echegoyen L.
J Am Chem Soc. 2012 Apr 5. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22475512
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Adsorption of ß-Casein-Surfactant Mixed Layers at the Air-Water Interface Evaluated by Interfacial Rheology.
Maestro A, Kotsmar C, Javadi A, Miller R, Ortega F, Rubio RG.
J Phys Chem B. 2012 Apr 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22475110
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Halogen Oxidation and Halogen Photoelimination Chemistry of a Platinum-Rhodium Heterobimetallic Core.
Cook TR, McCarthy BD, Lutterman DA, Nocera DG.
Inorg Chem. 2012 Apr 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22475040
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Antimicrobial studies of unsymmetrical bis-1,2,3-Triazoles.
Banday AH, Shameem SA, Ganai BA.
Org Med Chem Lett. 2012 Apr 4;2(1):13. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22475037
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Nickel-Mediated Inter- and Intramolecular Reductive Cross-Coupling of Unactivated Alkyl Bromides and Aryl Iodides at Room Temperature.
Yan CS, Peng Y, Xu XB, Wang YW.
Chemistry. 2012 Mar 30. doi: 10.1002/chem.201200190. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22473912
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A Bulky Biaryl Phosphine Ligand Allows for Palladium-Catalyzed Amidation of Five-Membered Heterocycles as Electrophiles.
Su M, Buchwald SL.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2012 Mar 30. doi: 10.1002/anie.201201244. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22473747
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Antiproliferative Activity of Polygonaceae Species from the Carpathian Basin against Human Cancer Cell Lines.
Lajter I, Zupkó I, Molnár J, Jakab G, Balogh L, Vasas A, Hohmann J.
Phytother Res. 2012 Apr 4. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4690. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22473656
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Diastereoselective alkylation reactions of 1-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1-carboxylic acid.
Bennett NJ, Elliott MC, Hewitt NL, Kariuki BM, Morton CA, Raw SA, Tomasi S.
Org Biomol Chem. 2012 Apr 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22473327
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Phase-transfer catalytic dichlorocyclopropanation of styrene under the influence of ultrasound conditions - A kinetic study.
Wang ML, Prasad GS.
Ultrason Sonochem. 2012 Mar 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22472498
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
In vitro targeted imaging and delivery of camptothecin using cetuximab-conjugated multifunctional PLGA-ZnS nanoparticles.
Deepagan VG, Sarmento B, Menon D, Nascimento A, Jayasree A, Sreeranganathan M, Koyakutty M, Nair SV, Rangasamy J.
Nanomedicine (Lond). 2012 Apr;7(4):507-19.
PMID:
22471719
[PubMed - in process]
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in Charlotte, North Carolina
American Elements specializes in producing Thulium Bromide in an ultra dry form for use as a compound in semiconductors and other high purity applications. Ultra Dry Thulium Bromide is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Thulium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Thulium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe]4f136s2. In its elemental form thulium's CAS number is 7440-30-4. The thulium atom has a radius of 172.4.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Thulium is not toxic. Thulium is representative of the other lanthanides (rare earths) similar in chemistry to Yttrium. Thulium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Thulium 
emits blue
upon excitation. Flat panel screens depend critically on bright blue emitters. Also, under X-ray bombardment emissions are in both the 375 nm (ultra violet) and 465 (visible blue) wave lengths. This gives the material useful applications in low radiation detection for detection badges and similar uses. It is also used in other luminescence applications, such as halide discharge lamps. Thulium was first discovered by Theodore Cleve in 1879. Thulium is named after "Thule", which is the ancient name of Scandinavia. See Thulium research below.
