| Title | Determination of halides using Ag nanoparticles-modified disposable electrodes. A first approach to a wearable sensor for quantification of chloride ions. |
|---|---|
| Authors | J. Bujes-Garrido; D. Izquierdo-Bote; A. Heras; A. Colina; M.J. Arcos-Martínez |
| Journal | Anal Chim Acta |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.aca.2018.01.063 |
| Abstract |
This work reports a simple voltammetric method for the determination of chloride, bromide, and iodide ions using screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with silver nanoparticles electrochemically deposited on the working electrode surface. UV/Vis absorption spectroelectrochemistry was used to study the electrodeposition of silver nanoparticles on the working carbon electrode on PET or Gore-Tex supports, and their subsequent oxidation in the presence of halide ions. The main figures of merit of the developed sensors, such as reproducibility and detection limit, have been calculated. Reproducibility values of 2.22%, 2.83% and 3.23% were obtained for chloride, bromide and iodide determinations, respectively. Additionally, the lowest detected amount of chloride, bromide and iodide ions were 3.0·10?M, 5.0·10?M and 5.0·10?M, respectively. Taking into account the relevance of the determination of chloride ion concentration in sweat, the voltammetric method for the determination of halides has been successfully transferred to a Gore-Tex support to build a first approach to a wearable sensor that facilitates the quantification of this ion in sweat samples. The Gore-Tex sensor provides a good reproducibility (RSD?=?1.61%). |
See more Silver products. Silver (atomic symbol: Ag, atomic number: 47) is a Block D, Group 11, Period 5 element with an atomic weight of 107.8682. 
The number of electrons in each of Silver's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 1 and its electron configuration is [Kr]4d10 5s1. The silver atom has a radius of 144 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 203 pm. Silver was first discovered by Early Man prior to 5000 BC. In its elemental form, silver has a brilliant white metallic luster. 
It is a little harder than gold and is very ductile and malleable, being exceeded only by gold and perhaps palladium. Pure silver has the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of all metals and possesses the lowest contact resistance. It is stable in pure air and water, but tarnishes when exposed to ozone, hydrogen sulfide, or air containing sulfur. It is found in copper, copper-nickel, lead, and lead-zinc ores, among others. Silver was named after the Anglo-Saxon word "seolfor" or "siolfur," meaning 'silver'.
Chlorine is a Block P, Group 17, Period 3 element. Its electron configuration is [Ne]3s23p5. The chlorine atom has a covalent radius of 102±4 pm and its Van der Waals radius is 175 pm. 
In its elemental form, chlorine is a yellow-green gas. Chlorine is the second lightest halogen after fluorine. It has the third highest electronegativity and the highest electron affinity of all elements, making it a strong oxidizing agent. It is rarely found by itself in nature. Chlorine was discovered and first isolated by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1774. It was first recognized as an element by Humphry Davy in 1808.