Praseodymium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
 Praseodymium resembles the typical trivalent rare earths, however, it will exhibit a +4 state when stabilized in a zirconia host. Praseodymium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. The element is found in most all light rare earth derivatives. It is highly valued in glass and ceramic production as a bright yellow pigment because of its optimum reflectance at 560 nm. Much research is being done on its optical properties for use in amplification of telecommunication systems, including as a doping agent in fluoride fibers. Praseodymium doped zirconia is a potential cathode for low temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell applications. It is also used in the scintillator for medical CAT scans.
Praseodymium facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are
available for many specific states, forms and shapes on the product pages listed to the left. Elemental or metallic forms include pellets, rod, wire and granules for evaporation source material purposes. Nanoparticles and nanopowders provide ultra high surface area which nanotechnology research and recent experiments demonstrate function to create new and unique properties and benefits. Praseodymium is somewhat toxic.
Oxides are availablein forms including powders and dense pellets for such  usesas optical coating and thin film applications.
Praseodymium is found in the minerals monazite and bastnasite. The origin of the element name comes from the Greek words 'prasios didymos' meaning green twin.
All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, thin fillm deposition using sputtering targets and evaporation materials, metallurgy and  optical materials and other high technology applications. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic platinum compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis.
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Praseodymium Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of Praseodymium and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.
| Isotope |
Atomic Mass |
% Abundance on Earth |
| Pr-141 |
140.907648 |
100 |
The following table shows the abundance of Praseodymium present in the human body and in the universe scaled to parts per billion (ppb) by weight and by atom:
| |
Typical Human Body |
Universe |
| by Weight |
no data |
2 ppb |
| by Atom |
no data |
0.02 ppb |
Praseodymium Safety Data and Biological Role. The safety data for Praseodymium metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin. Praseodymium compounds have no biological role.
Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for Praseodymium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:
| 1st Ionization Energy |
527.20 kJ mol-1 |
| 2nd Ionization Energy |
1017.93 kJ mol-1 |
| 3rd Ionization Energy |
2086.41 kJ mol-1 |
Conductivity. As to Praseodymium's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured in terms of electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 68 µOcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 1.13. The thermal conductivity of Praseodymium is 12.5 W m-1 K-1.
Thermal Properties of Praseodymium. The melting point and boiling point for Praseodymium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.
| Heat of Fusion |
11.3 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat of Vaporization |
357 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat of Atomization |
356.69 kJ mol-1 |
Recent Research & Development for Praseodymium
[Preparation and performance of through-hole AAO film].
Liu XZ, Liu ZX, Chen J, Wang G, Song LL, Wang C.
Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi. 2012 Sep;32(9):2515-8. Chinese.
PMID:
23240429
[PubMed - in process]
Optical amplification of Pr3+-doped ZBLA channel waveguides for visible Laser emission.
Olivier M, Doualan JL, Camy P, Lhermite H, Pirasteh P, Coulon JN, Braud A, Adam JL, Nazabal V.
Opt Express. 2012 Oct 22;20(22):25064-70. doi: 10.1364/OE.20.025064.
PMID:
23187272
[PubMed - in process]
Synthesis of praseodymium hydroxide (Pr(OH)(3)) and praseodymium oxide (Pr(6)O(11)) nanorods via room temperature aging.
Dodd A.
J Colloid Interface Sci. 2012 Oct 12. doi:pii: S0021-9797(12)01145-9. 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.10.001. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
23137901
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Preparation of radioactive praseodymium oxide as a multifunctional agent in nuclear medicine: expanding the horizons of cancer therapy using nanosized neodymium oxide.
Bakht MK, Sadeghi M, Ahmadi SJ, Sadjadi SS, Tenreiro C.
Nucl Med Commun. 2013 Jan;34(1):5-12. doi: 10.1097/MNM.0b013e32835aa7bd.
PMID:
23104000
Synthesis, crystal structures, and luminescence properties of carboxylate based rare-earth coordination polymers.
Decadt R, Van Hecke K, Depla D, Leus K, Weinberger D, Van Driessche I, Van Der Voort P, Van Deun R.
Inorg Chem. 2012 Nov 5;51(21):11623-34. doi: 10.1021/ic301544q. Epub 2012 Oct 18.
PMID:
23078525
[PubMed - in process]
Quantum storage of a photonic polarization qubit in a solid.
Gündogan M, Ledingham PM, Almasi A, Cristiani M, de Riedmatten H.
Phys Rev Lett. 2012 May 11;108(19):190504. Epub 2012 May 10.
PMID:
23003015
[PubMed]
catena-Poly[[[(1,10-phenanthroline-?(2)N,N')praseodymium(III)]-di-µ-4-hydroxy-benzoato-?(4)O(1):O(1')-µ-nitrato-?(3)O,O':O] bis-(1,10-phenanthroline)].
Wang P, Xu D, Wang X.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2012 Sep 1;68(Pt 9):m1148. doi: 10.1107/S1600536812029911. Epub 2012 Aug 4.
PMID:
22969450
[PubMed]
Free PMC Article
Optical detection of a single rare-earth ion in a crystal.
Kolesov R, Xia K, Reuter R, Stöhr R, Zappe A, Meijer J, Hemmer PR, Wrachtrup J.
Nat Commun. 2012;3:1029. doi: 10.1038/ncomms2034.
PMID:
22929786
[PubMed - in process]
Anomalous reversal of C-H and C-D quenching efficiencies in luminescent praseodymium cryptates.
Scholten J, Rosser GA, Wahsner J, Alzakhem N, Bischof C, Stog F, Beeby A, Seitz M.
J Am Chem Soc. 2012 Aug 29;134(34):13915-7. doi: 10.1021/ja306052u. Epub 2012 Aug 17.
PMID:
22900480
[PubMed - in process]
Redetermination of [Pr(NO3)3(H2O)4]·2H2O.
Decadt R, Van Der Voort P, Van Driessche I, Van Deun R, Van Hecke K.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2012 Jul 1;68(Pt 7):i59-i60. doi: 10.1107/S1600536812028024. Epub 2012 Jun 27.
PMID:
22807700
[PubMed]
Superbroadband near-infrared emission and energy transfer in Pr3+-Er3+ codoped fluorotellurite glasses.
Zhou B, Tao L, Tsang YH, Jin W, Pun EY.
Opt Express. 2012 May 21;20(11):12205-11. doi: 10.1364/OE.20.012205.
PMID:
22714209
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Molecular cable-like 1-D iodic spiral chains covered with triple helices stabilized in guest-included chiral porous framework.
Tadokoro M, Tanaka Y, Noguchi K, Sugaya T, Isoda K.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2012 Jul 21;48(57):7155-7. doi: 10.1039/c2cc32289g. Epub 2012 Jun 12.
PMID:
22692569
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Lanthanide N,N-dimethylaminodiboranates as a new class of highly volatile chemical vapor deposition precursors.
Daly SR, Kim do Y, Girolami GS.
Inorg Chem. 2012 Jul 2;51(13):7050-65. doi: 10.1021/ic201852j. Epub 2012 Jun 11.
PMID:
22686567
[PubMed]
Actively Q-switched 2.9 µm Ho(3+)Pr(3+)-doped fluoride fiber laser.
Hu T, Hudson DD, Jackson SD.
Opt Lett. 2012 Jun 1;37(11):2145-7. doi: 10.1364/OL.37.002145.
PMID:
22660149
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Improvements in estimated entropies and related thermodynamic data for aqueous metal ions.
Johnson DA, Nelson PG.
Inorg Chem. 2012 Jun 4;51(11):6116-28. doi: 10.1021/ic3000334. Epub 2012 May 23.
PMID:
22621251
[PubMed]
Synthesis mechanism of low-voltage praseodymium oxide doped zinc oxide varistor ceramics prepared through modified citrate gel coating.
Abdullah WR, Zakaria A, Ghazali MS.
Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13(4):5278-89. doi: 10.3390/ijms13045278. Epub 2012 Apr 24.
PMID:
22606043
[PubMed]
Free PMC Article
Inorganic-organic hybrid compounds based on novel lanthanide-antimony oxohalide nanoclusters.
Hu B, Zou GD, Feng ML, Huang XY.
Dalton Trans. 2012 Sep 7;41(33):9879-81. doi: 10.1039/c2dt30563a. Epub 2012 May 2.
PMID:
22549083
[PubMed]
High pressure luminescence spectra of CaMoO4:Pr3+.
Mahlik S, Grinberg M, Cavalli E, Bettinelli M.
J Phys Condens Matter. 2012 May 30;24(21):215402. doi: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/21/215402. Epub 2012 Apr 27.
PMID:
22543332
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Bremsstrahlung parameters of praseodymium-142 in different human tissues: a dosimetric perspective for (142)Pr radionuclide therapy.
Bakht MK, Jabal-Ameli H, Ahmadi SJ, Sadeghi M, Sadjadi S, Tenreiro C.
Ann Nucl Med. 2012 Apr 12. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22528970
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Comparative investigation on the spectroscopic properties of Pr³?-doped boro-phosphate, boro-germo-silicate and tellurite glasses.
Zhang L, Dong G, Peng M, Qiu J.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2012 Jul;93:223-7. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.02.076. Epub 2012 Mar 2.
PMID:
22484255
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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