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Praseodymium
Praseodymium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.

Praseodymium resembles the typical trivalent rare earths, however, it will exhibit a +4 state when stabilized in a zirconia host. Praseodymium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. The element is found in most all light rare earth derivatives. It is highly valued in glass and ceramic production as a bright yellow pigment because of its optimum reflectance at 560 nm. Much research is being done on its optical properties for use in amplification of telecommunication systems, including as a doping agent in fluoride fibers. Praseodymium doped zirconia is a potential cathode for low temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell applications. It is also used in the scintillator for medical CAT scans.

Praseodymium facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are

 

  Hydrogen                                 Helium
  Lithium Beryllium                     Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
  Sodium Magnesium                     Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
  Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Hydrogen Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
  Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
  Cesium Barium Cerium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
                                     
      Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium    
      Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawerencium    


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available for many specific states, forms and shapes on the product pages listed to the left. Elemental or metallic forms include pellets, rod, wire and granules for evaporation source material purposes. Nanoparticles and nanopowders provide ultra high surface area which nanotechnology research and recent experiments demonstrate function to create new and unique properties and benefits.

Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Praseodymium is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries.

Praseodymium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The electronic configuration is [Xe]4f36s2. In its elemental form praseodymium's CAS number is 7440-10-0. The praseodymium atom has a radius of 182.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is is unknown.

All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology advantages. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic Praseodymium compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis.

Praseodymium was first discovered by von Welsbach in 1885.

Frenchpraséodyme German Praseodym Italianpraseodimio Portuguese Prosedímio Spanishpraseodimio Swedish Praseodym

Praseodymium Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of Praseodymium and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.

Isotope
Atomic Mass
% Abundance on Earth
Pr-141
140.908
100

Praseodymium Safety Data. The safety data for Praseodymium metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin.

Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for Praseodymium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:

1st Ionization Energy
527.20 kJ mol-1
2nd Ionization Energy
1017.93 kJ mol-1
3rd Ionization Energy
2086.41 kJ mol-1

Conductivity. As to Praseodymium's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured in terms of electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 68 µOcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 1.13. The thermal conductivity of Praseodymium is 12.5 W m-1 K-1.

Thermal Properties of Praseodymium. The melting point and boiling point for Praseodymium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.

Heat of Fusion
11.3 kJ mol-1
Heat of Vaporization
357 kJ mol-1
Heat of Atomization
356.69 kJ mol-1



 
Formula Atomic Number Molecular Weight Electronegativity (Pauling) Density Melting Point
Boiling Point
Vanderwaals radius
Ionic radius Energy of first ionization
Pr 59 140.91 g.mol -1 1.1 6.8 g.cm-3 at 20 °C 931 °C 3512 °C unknown 0.101 nm (+3) 522 kJ.mol-1

PRODUCT CATALOG U.S. Operations Submicron & Nanopowder Tolling Ultra High Purity Sputtering Target Crystal Growth Rod, Plate, Powder, etc. Foil
 
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Recent Research & Development for Praseodymium

  • New M(3)N@C(2n) Endohedral Metallofullerene Families (M=Nd, Pr, Ce; n=40-53): Expanding the Preferential Templating of the C(88) Cage and Approaching the C(96) Cage. Chemistry. 2008 Apr 9;14(15):4594-4599. [Epub ahead of print]

  • Tuning the self-assembly of lanthanide triple stranded heterobimetallic helicates by ligand design. Dalton Trans. 2008 Feb 28;(8):1027-36. Epub 2007 Dec 4.

  • Luminescence properties of praseodymium- and erbium-doped silver bromide crystals. Appl Opt. 1997 Oct 20;36(30):7708-11.

  • Orthogonal sample design scheme for two-dimensional synchronous spectroscopy and its application in probing intermolecular interactions. Appl Spectrosc. 2007 Dec;61(12):1359-65.

  • Photorefractive two-step recording in a piezoelectric La(3)Ga(5)SiO(14) crystal doped with praseodymium. Opt Lett. 1998 Aug 1;23(15):1164-6.

  • Praseodymium methanesulfonate catalyzed one-pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones. Prep Biochem Biotechnol. 2008;38(1):105-14.

  • Doping of an absorbent into a Raman crystal for suppression of higher-order Stokes generation. Opt Lett. 2000 May 15;25(10):752-4.

  • Structural basis for the biological effects of Pr(III) ions: alteration of cell membrane permeability. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2007 Winter;120(1-3):141-7.

  • Structural varieties in heterobimetallic lanthanide disiloxanediolates: "inorganic metallocenes" versus in-plane metallacrowns. Inorg Chem. 2007 Nov 26;46(24):10383-9. Epub 2007 Oct 2.

  • High-power GaN diode-pumped continuous wave Pr3+-doped LiYF4 laser. Opt Lett. 2007 Sep 1;32(17):2493-5.

  • Cross-sensitive rare-earth metal sensors based on bidentate neutral organophosphorus compounds and chlorinated cobalt dicarbollide. Anal Chim Acta. 2006 Jul 21;572(2):243-7. Epub 2006 May 27.

  • Crystallographic and vibrational spectroscopic studies of octakis(DMSO)lanthanoid(III) iodides. Inorg Chem. 2007 Sep 17;46(19):7731-41. Epub 2007 Aug 24.

  • Homoleptic rare-earth metal(III) tetramethylaluminates: structural chemistry, reactivity, and performance in isoprene polymerization. Chemistry. 2007;13(31):8784-800.

  • Photocatalytic degradation of phenol in aqueous solutions by Pr-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. J Hazard Mater. 2007 Oct 1;149(1):1-7. Epub 2007 Mar 16.

  • Chemically immobilized single-stranded oligonucleotides on praseodymium oxide nanoparticles as an unlabeled DNA sensor probe using impedance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2007;46(21):3855-9. No abstract available.

  • Frequency upconversion in Pr3+-Li2O-TeO2 binary glass by decay curve analysis. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2007 Nov;68(3):460-2. Epub 2006 Dec 15.

  • Nuclear magnetic resonance and optical absorption spectroscopic studies on paramagnetic praseodymium(III) complexes with beta-diketone and heterocyclic amines. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2007 Sep;68(1):176-83. Epub 2006 Nov 21.

  • Modified rare earth semiconductor oxide as a new nucleotide probe. J Phys Chem B. 2006 Dec 28;110(51):25633-7.

  • Feasibility and safety of intra-coronary Beta irradiation with 144Ce/Pr for prevention of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of in-stent restenotic lesions. Acute Card Care. 2006;8(4):217-23.

  • Studies on the sorption of praseodymium (III), holmium (III) and cobalt (II) from nitrate medium using TVEX-PHOR resin. J Hazard Mater. 2007 May 8;143(1-2):17-23. Epub 2006 Sep 1.

 

 

 

 

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