Magnesium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
 Magnesium the eighth most abundant element in the earth's crust. It is one third lighter than aluminum, and because of this is used in alloys that are essential for aerospace, satellite and missile construction. The metal improves the mechanical, fabrication, and welding characteristics of aluminum when used as an alloying agent. Uses also include flares and pyrotechnics due to its pyrophoric properties. Magnesium compounds, primarily magnesium oxide, are used mainly as refractory material in furnace linings for producing iron and steel, nonferrous metals, glass, and cement. High purity magnesium is found in dietary supplements. Magnesium oxide and its other compounds are used in numerous other agricultural, chemical, and construction applications. Dead-burned magnesite is used in refractory materials.
 Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Magnesium is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries.
Magnesium is a Block S, Group 2, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Magnesium's shells is 2, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2. In its elemental form magnesium's CAS number is 7439-95-4. The magnesium atom has a radius of 159.9.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 173.pm. Magnesium the eighth most abundant element in the earth's crust. It is one third lighter than aluminum, and because of this is used in alloys that are essential for aerospace, satellite and missile construction. The metal improves the mechanical, fabrication, and welding characteristics of aluminum when used as an alloying agent. Uses also include flares and pyrotechnics due to its pyrophoric properties. Magnesium compounds, primarily magnesium oxide, are used mainly as refractory material in furnace linings for producing iron and steel, nonferrous metals, glass, and cement. High purity magnesium is found in dietary supplements. All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, thin fillm deposition using sputtering targets  and evaporation materials, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology applications. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic Magnesium compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis.
Magnesium was first discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1808. The name Magnesium originates from a Greek district in Thessaly called Magnesia.
Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of magnesium and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.
The following table shows the abundance of Magnesium present in the human body and in the universe scaled to parts per billion (ppb) by weight and by atom:
Safety Data and Biological Role. The safety data for magnesium metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin. Magnesium compounds are an important part of chlorophylls and are required in some enzymes. Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for magnesium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:
Conductivity. As to magnesium's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured as to electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 4.45 μΩcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 1.31. The thermal conductivity of magnesium is 156 W m-1 K-1. Thermal Properties. The melting point and boiling point for magnesium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.
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Magnesium| Formula | Atomic Number | Molecular Weight | Electronegativity (Pauling) | Density | Melting Point | Boiling Point | Vanderwaals radius | Ionic radius | Energy of first ionization |
| Mg | 12 | 24.305 g.mol -1 | 1.2 | 1.74 g.cm-3 at 20 °C | 650 °C | 1107°C | 173.pm | 0.065 | 737.76 kJ.mol-1 |
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