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  Zirconium
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Bis(butylcyclopentadienyl) zirconium(IV) Dichloride
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Bis(cyclopentadienyl) zirconium(IV) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate) tetrahydrofuran complex
Bis(cyclopentadienyl) zirconium(IV) Chloride Hydride
Bis(cyclopentadienyl) zirconium(IV) Dichloride
Bis(cyclopentadienyl) zirconium(IV) Dihydride
Bis(isopropylcyclopentadienyl) zirconium(IV) Dichloride
Bis(methylcyclopentadienyl) zirconium(IV) dichloride
Bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl )zirconium(IV) Dichloride
Cerium Zirconium Oxide
Cerium Zirconium Oxide Nanopowder
Cobalt Iron Zirconium
Cobalt Niobium Zirconium Alloy
Cobalt Niobium Zirconium
Cobalt Rhodium Zirconium
Cobalt Tantalum Zirconium
Cobalt Zirconium Sputtering Target
Copper Chromium Zirconium Alloy
Copper Chromium Zirconium Alloy Particles
Copper Chromium Zirconium Alloy Powder
Copper Zirconium Pieces
Cyclopentadienylzirconium(IV) Trichloride
Dichlorobis(indenyl)zirconium(IV)
Dichloro[rac-ethylenebis(4,5,6,7 -tetrahydro-1-indenyl)]zirconium(IV)
Dichloro[rac-ethylenebis(indenyl)] zirconium(IV)
Dimethylbis (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl )zirconium(IV)
Indenylzirconium(IV) Trichloride
Indium Zirconium Sputtering Target
Iron Nickel Zirconium
Lanthanum Strontium Manganite - Yttrium Stabilized Zirconia (LSM-YSZ)
Lead Zirconate
Lead Zirconium Oxide
Magnesia Stabilized Zirconia (3 Mol. %)
Magnesia Stabilized Zirconia (4.5 Mol. %)
Magnesia Stabilized Zirconia (5 Mol. %)
Magnesium Aluminum Zirconium Oxide
Magnesium Neodymium Zirconium Yttrium Sputtering Target
Magnesium Zirconium Sputtering Target
Nickel Vanadium Zirconium Sputtering Target
Nickel Zirconium Sputtering Target
Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl zirconium(IV) Trichloride
Samarium Zirconium Sputtering Target
Scandium Zirconium Sputtering Target
Silica doped Zirconia
Tantalum Zirconium Oxide
Tetrakis(dimethylamino)zirconium(IV)
Tetrakis(ethylmethylamino)zirconium(IV)
Titanium Based Aluminum Molybdenum Zirconium Alloy
Titanium based Niobium Zirconium Alloy
Titanium based Niobium Zirconium Tantalum Alloy
Titanium Based Molybdenum Zirconium Iron Alloy
Titanium Based Molybdenum Zirconium Tin Alloy
Titanium Zirconium Oxide
Titanium Zirconium Sputtering Target
Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (12 Mol. %)
Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (8 Mol %)
Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (6 Mol. %)
Yttrium Stabilized Zirconia Grinding Beads
Yttrium Zirconium Magnesium Sputtering Target
Yttrium Zirconium Oxide
Yttrium Zirconium Sputtering Target
Zirconium Acetate
Zirconium Acetate Solution
Zirconium Acetylacetonate
Zirconium Aluminide
Zirconium Aluminum Sputtering Target
Zirconium Arsenide
Zirconium Balls
Zirconium Bands
Zirconium Bars
Zirconium Bits
Zirconium Board
Zirconium Boride ZrB2
Zirconium Boride ZrB12
Zirconium Briquette
Zirconium Bromide (ZrBr3)
Zirconium Bromide (ZrBr4)
Zirconium Capsules
Zirconium Carbide
Zirconium Carbide Honeycomb
Zirconium Carbide Powder
Zirconium Carbide Sponge
Zirconium Carbide Wool
Zirconium Carbonate
Zirconium Carboxyethyl Acrylate
Zirconium Cerium Sputtering Target
Zirconium Chloride
Zirconium Chloride Solution
Zirconium Circle
Zirconium Coil
Zirconium Coins
Zirconium Concentrate
Zirconium Copper Sputtering Target
Zirconium Crucibles
Zirconium Cylinder
Zirconium Dichloride Oxide Hydrate
Zirconium Diisopropoxidebis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate)
Zirconium Disc
Zirconium Dust
Zirconium Flake
Zirconium Flanges
Zirconium Fluoride
Zirconium Foam
Zirconium Foil
Zirconium Fragments
Zirconium Gadolinium Sputtering Target
Zirconium Grain
Zirconium Granules
Zirconium Honeycomb
Zirconium Hydride
Zirconium Hydroxide
Zirconium Ingot
Zirconium(II) Iodide
Zirconium(III) Iodide
Zirconium(IV) Iodide
Zirconium Lump
Zirconium Mesh
Zirconium Metal
Zirconium Microfoil
Zirconium Microleaf
Zirconium Nanoparticles
Zirconium Nanoprisms
Zirconium Nanorods
Zirconium Nickel Hydride
Zirconium Nickel Hydride/Zirconium Nickel Deuteride
Zirconium Nitrate Solution
Zirconium Nitride
Zirconium Nugget
Zirconium Octoate
Zirconium Oxalate
Zirconium Oxide
Zirconium Oxide Nanopowder
Zirconium Oxide Particles
Zirconium Oxide Pellets
Zirconium Oxide Pieces
Zirconium Oxide Powder
Zirconium Oxide Rotatable Sputtering Target
Zirconium Oxide Shot
Zirconium Oxide Spheres
Zirconium Oxide Sputtering Target
Zirconium Oxide Tablets
Zirconium(IV) Oxide, Yttria stabilized Nanopowder
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Zirconium(IV) Oxide, Yttria stabilized Submicron Powder
Zirconium Particles
Zirconium Parts
Zirconium Pebbles
Zirconium Pellets
Zirconium Phosphide
Zirconium Phosphide Sputtering Target
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Zirconium Pills
Zirconium Powder
Zirconium Precipitate
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Zirconium Rod
Zirconium Rotatable Sputtering Target
Zirconium Samples
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Zirconium Scandium Iron Alloy
Zirconium Selenide
Zirconium Selenide Sputtering Target
Zirconium Shaving
Zirconium Sheet
Zirconium Shot
Zirconium(IV) Silicate
Zirconium(IV) Silicate Nanopowder
Zirconium (IV) Silicide
Zirconium Silicon Sputtering Target
Zirconium Sleeves
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Zirconium Spring
Zirconium Sputtering Target
Zirconium Strip
Zirconium Sulfate
Zirconium Sulfate Solution
Zirconium Sulfide
Zirconium Tape
Zirconium Telluride
Zirconium Telluride Sputtering Target
Zirconium Titanium Sputtering Target
Zirconium Trifluoromethanesulfonate
Zirconium Tube
Zirconium Tungstate
Zirconium Wafer
Zirconium Wire
Zirconium Wool
Zirconium Yttrium Sputtering Target
Zirconium(IV) Oxychloride Octahydrate
Zirconium(IV) Trifluoroacetylacetonate
Zirconium-90 Isotope
Zirconium-91 Oxide Isotope
Zirconium Iron Alloy
Zirconyl Chloride
Zirconium Nickel Hydride
Zirconyl Nitrate
[(R,R)-(-)-Ethylenebis(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-indenyl)]zirconium(IV)-(R)-1,1\'-bi-2-naphtholate
[(S,S)-Ethylenebis(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-indenyl)] zirconium(IV)-(R)-1, 1'-bi-2-naphtholate

Zirconium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.

Zirconium Bohr ModelZirconium’s principal mineral is zircon (Zirconium Silicate) and is primarily used in its oxide or zirconia form. Zirconium dioxide has a high melting point (2,700° C) and a low thermal conductivity. Its polymorphism, however, restricts its widespread use in ceramic industry. During a heating process, zirconia will undergo a phase transformation process. The change in volume associated with this transformation makes the usage of pure zirconia in many applications impossible. Addition of some oxides, such as CaO, MgO, and Y2O3, into the zirconia structure in a certain degree results in a solid solution, which is a cubic form and has no phase transformation during heating and cooling. This solid solution material is termed as stabilized zirconia, a valuable refractory. Stabilized zirconia is used as a grinding media and engineering ceramics due to its increased hardness and high thermal shock resistivity. Stabilized zirconia is also used in applications such as oxygen sensors and solid oxide fuel cells due to its high oxygen ion conductivity.

  Hydrogen                                 Helium
  Lithium Beryllium                     Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
  Sodium Magnesium                     Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
  Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Hydrogen Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
  Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
  Cesium Barium Cerium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
  Francium Radium Actinium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Ununquadium Ununpentium Ununhexium Ununseptium Ununoctium
                                     
      Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium    
      Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawerencium    


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Zirconium facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are available for many specific states, forms and shapes on the product pages listed to the left. Elemental or metallic forms include pellets, rod, wire and granules for evaporation source material purposes. Nanoparticles and nanopowders provide ultra high surface area which nanotechnology research and recent experiments demonstrate function to create new and unique properties and benefits.

Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses High Purity (99.999%) Zirconium Oxide (ZrO2) Powderas optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Zirconium is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries.

Zirconium is a Block D, Group 4, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Zirconium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 10, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d2 5s2. In its elemental form zirconium's CAS number is 7440-67-7. The zirconium atom has a radius of 159.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Zirconium is non-toxic.

High Purity (99.999%) Zirconium (Zr) Sputtering TargetAll elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, thin fillm deposition using sputtering targets and evaporation materials, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology applications. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic Zirconium compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis.

Zirconium is produced as a by-product of titanium and tin mining. It is not found in nature as a native metal. Zirconium was first discovered by William Gregor in 1791. The name Zirconium originated from the Persian word 'zargun' meaning gold color or gold-like. See Zirconium research below.

French zirconium German Zirconium Italian zirconio Portuguese Zircônio Spanish circonio Swedish Zirkonium


Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of zirconium and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.
Isotope Atomic Mass % Abundance on Earth
Zr-90 89.904704 51.45
Zr-91 90.905645 11.22
Zr-92 91.905040 17.15
Zr-94 93.906316 17.38
Zr-96 95.908276 2.80


The following table shows the abundance of Zirconium present in the human body and in the universe scaled to parts per billion (ppb) by weight and by atom:
  Typical Human Body Universe
by Weight 50 ppb 50 ppb
by Atom 3 ppb 0.7 ppb


Safety Data and Biological Role . The safety data for zirconium metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin. Zirconium compounds have little effect on human tissue making them suitable for artifical joints and limbs.

Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for zirconium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:
1st Ionization Energy 640.08 kJ mol-1
2nd Ionization Energy 1266.86 kJ mol-1
3rd Ionization Energy 2218.21 kJ mol-1


Conductivity. As to zirconium's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured as to electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 42.1 μΩcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 1.33. The thermal conductivity of zirconium is 22.7 W m-1 K-1.

Thermal Properties. The melting point and boiling point for zirconium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.
Heat of Fusion 23 kJ mol-1
Heat of Vaporization 566.7 kJ mol-1
Heat of Atomization 607.47 kJ mol-1


Recent Research & Development for Zirconium
  • Zirconium arsenate-modified silica nanoparticles for specific capture of phosphopeptides and direct analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Zhao PX, Guo XF, Wang H, Qi CB, Xia HS, Zhang HS. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2011 Nov 22. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22105300 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • A surface derivatization strategy for combinatorial analysis of cell response to mixtures of protein domains. Chiang C, Karuri SW, Kshatriya PP, Schwartz J, Schwarzbauer JE, Karuri NW. Langmuir. 2011 Nov 21. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22103809 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Environmentally stable flexible metal-insulator-metal capacitors using zirconium-silicate and hafnium-silicate thin film composite materials as gate dielectrics. Meena JS, Chu MC, Wu CS, Ravipati S, Ko FH. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2011 Aug;11(8):6858-67. PMID: 22103091 [PubMed - in process]

  • Highly sensitive protein kinase activity assay based on electrochemiluminescence nanoprobes. Zhao Z, Zhou X, Xing D. Biosens Bioelectron. 2011 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22100765 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Corrosion fatigue behavior of a biocompatible ultrafine-grained niobium alloy in simulated body fluid. Rubitschek F, Niendorf T, Karaman I, Maier HJ. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2012 Jan;5(1):181-92. Epub 2011 Sep 8. PMID: 22100093 [PubMed - in process]

  • Fabrication and characterization of biocompatible nacre-like structures from a-zirconium hydrogen phosphate hydrate and chitosan. Waraich SM, Hering B, Burghard Z, Bill J, Behrens P, Menzel H. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2011 Oct 29. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22099057 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Wear resistance of experimental titanium alloys for dental applications. Faria AC, Rodrigues RC, Claro AP, de Mattos Mda G, Ribeiro RF. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2011 Nov;4(8):1873-9. Epub 2011 Jun 15. PMID: 22098886 [PubMed - in process]

  • Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Cyanate Ester/Nano-ZrW(2)O(8) Composites with Tailored Thermal Expansion. Badrinarayanan P, Rogalski MK, Kessler MR. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2011 Nov 18. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22098430 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Single-step fabrication of nanolamellar structured oxide ceramic coatings by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Eils NK, Mechnich P, Keune H, Wahl G, Klages CP. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2011 Sep;11(9):8396-402. PMID: 22097592 [PubMed - in process]

  • Metalcones: hybrid organic-inorganic films fabricated using atomic and molecular layer deposition techniques. George SM, Lee BH, Yoon B, Abdulagatov AI, Hall RA. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2011 Sep;11(9):7948-55. PMID: 22097511 [PubMed - in process]

  • Reliability and fatigue failure modes of implant-supported aluminum-oxide fixed dental prostheses. Stappert CF, Baldassarri M, Zhang Y, Hänssler F, Rekow ED, Van P Thompson. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011 Sep 5. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02281.x. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22093019 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Titanium-zirconium alloy narrow-diameter implants (Straumann Roxolid(®) ) for the rehabilitation of horizontally deficient edentulous ridges: prospective study on 18 consecutive patients. Chiapasco M, Casentini P, Zaniboni M, Corsi E, Anello T. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011 Aug 18. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02296.x. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22092806 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Retention of implant-supported zirconium oxide ceramic restorations using different luting agents. Nejatidanesh F, Savabi O, Shahtoosi M. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011 Nov 14. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02358.x. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22092303 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Tetra-kis(picolinato-?N,O)zirconium(IV) dihydrate. Steyn M, Visser HG, Roodt A, Muller TJ. Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Sep 1;67(Pt 9):m1240-1. Epub 2011 Aug 17. PMID: 22065566 [PubMed]

  • 2,4-Pentanediolate as an Alkoxide/Diketonate "Hybrid" Ligand and the Formation of Aluminum and Zirconium Derivatives. Bierschenk EJ, Wilk NR, Hanusa TP. Inorg Chem. 2011 Nov 4. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22053749 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of mesoporous zirconia-hydroxyapatite nanocomposites and their dual surface affinity for Cr3+/Cr2O72- ions. Achelhi K, Masse S, Laurent GP, Roux C, Laghzizil A, Saoiabi A, Coradin T. Langmuir. 2011 Nov 4. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22053732 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Synthesis, Characterization, and Materials Chemistry of Group 4 Silylimides. Cosham SD, Johnson AL, Molloy KC, Kingsley AJ. Inorg Chem. 2011 Nov 4. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22053704 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Influence of cement thickness on resin-zirconia microtensile bond strength. Lee TH, Ahn JS, Shim JS, Han CH, Kim SJ. J Adv Prosthodont. 2011 Sep;3(3):119-25. Epub 2011 Sep 25. PMID: 22053241 [PubMed]

  • Reliability of a new biokinetic model of zirconium in internal dosimetry: part ii, parameter sensitivity analysis. Li WB, Greiter M, Oeh U, Hoeschen C. Health Phys. 2011 Dec;101(6):677-92. PMID: 22048486 [PubMed - in process]

  • Reliability of a new biokinetic model of zirconium in internal dosimetry: part I, parameter uncertainty analysis. Li WB, Greiter M, Oeh U, Hoeschen C. Health Phys. 2011 Dec;101(6):660-76. PMID: 22048485 [PubMed - in process]




  • Formula Atomic Number Molecular Weight Electronegativity (Pauling) Density Melting Point Boiling Point Vanderwaals radius Ionic radius Energy of first ionization
    Zr 40 91.22 g.mol -1 1.2 6.49 g.cm-3 at 20 °C 1852 °C 4400 °C 200.pm 0.08 nm (+4) 640.08 kJ.mol-1

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