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Manganese
Manganese information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.

Manganese has numerous low and high tech applications. Manganese is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Manganese metal is a key component of aluminum alloys. Manganese oxide is used in dry cell batteries. Manganese is used in steel production to remove sulfur and oxygen. Manganese is the colorant in natural amethyst stones and is used in glass and ceramics to also create the amethyst color. It is used like the element Cerium to "decolorize" glass by offsetting the green from impurities of ferric ions. Permanganate is a powerful oxidizing agent and is used in medicine. It is added as a nutritional supplement for both human and animal consumption. Recently, the oxide in the form of various perovskite structures have demonstrated applications in oxygen generation and solid oxide fuel cells.

Manganese facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are

 

  Hydrogen                                 Helium
  Lithium Beryllium                     Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
  Sodium Magnesium                     Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
  Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Hydrogen Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
  Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
  Cesium Barium Cerium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
                                     
      Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium    
      Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawerencium    


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available for many specific states, forms and shapes on the product pages listed to the left. Elemental or metallic forms include pellets, rod, wire and granules for evaporation source material purposes. Nanoparticles and nanopowders provide ultra high surface area which nanotechnology research and recent experiments demonstrate function to create new and unique properties and benefits.

Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Manganese is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries.

Manganese is a Block D, Group 7, Period 4 element. The electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d5 4s2. In its elemental form manganese's CAS number is 7439-96-5. The manganese atom has a radius of 136.7.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm.

All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology advantages. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic Manganese compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis.

Manganese was first discovered by Johann Gahn in 1774.

French manganèse German Mangan Italian manganese Portuguese Manganésio Spanish manganeso Swedish Mangan

Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of manganese and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.

Isotope
Atomic Mass
% Abundance on Earth
Mn-55
54.938050
100

Safety Data. The safety data for manganese metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin.

Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for manganese (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:

1st Ionization Energy
717.28 kJ mol-1
2nd Ionization Energy
1509.04 kJ mol-1
3rd Ionization Energy
3248.49 kJ mol-1

Conductivity. As to manganese's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured as to electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 144 μΩcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 1.55. The thermal conductivity of manganese is 7.82 W m-1 K-1.

Thermal Properties. The melting point and boiling point for manganese are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.

Heat of Fusion
14.4 kJ mol-1
Heat of Vaporization
220.5 kJ mol-1
Heat of Atomization
279.37 kJ mol-1

 
Formula Atomic Number Molecular Weight Electronegativity (Pauling) Density Melting Point
Boiling Point
Vanderwaals radius
Ionic radius Energy of first ionization
Mn 25 54.9380 g.mol -1 1.5 7.43 g.cm-3 at 20 °C 1247 °C 2061 °C 200.pm 0.008 nm (+2) ; 0.046 nm (+7) 717.28 kJ.mol-1

PRODUCT CATALOG U.S. Operations Submicron & Nanopowder Tolling Ultra High Purity Sputtering Target Crystal Growth Rod, Plate, Powder, etc. Foil
 
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Recent Research & Development for Manganese

  • Myeloperoxidase and superoxide dismutase 2 polymorphisms comodulate the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and death in alcoholic cirrhosis. Nahon P, Sutton A, Rufat P, Ziol M, Akouche H, Laguillier C, Charnaux N, Ganne-Carrié N, Grando-Lemaire V, N'kontchou G, Trinchet JC, Gattegno L, Pessayre D, Beaugrand M. Hepatology. 2009 Jul 20. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19731237 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Pulmonary effects of inhaled diesel exhaust in aged mice. Sunil VR, Patel KJ, Mainelis G, Turpin BJ, Ridgely S, Laumbach RJ, Kipen HM, Nazarenko Y, Veleeparambil M, Gow AJ, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2009 Sep 1. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19729031 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Plasma Levels of Trace Elements Have an Implication on Interferon Treatment of Children with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection. Balamtekin N, Kurekci AE, Atay A, Kalman S, Okutan V, Gokcay E, Aydin A, Sener K, Safali M, Ozcan O. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2009 Sep 2. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19727570 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Manganese(III) compounds with phenol-pyrazole based-ligands: impact of the co-ligand and the carboxylate ligand on the trinuclear core [Mn3(mu3-O)(phpzR)3(O2CR')n](1-n). Viciano-Chumillas M, Tanase S, Mutikainen I, Turpeinen U, de Jongh LJ, Reedijk J. Dalton Trans. 2009 Sep 28;(36):7445-53. Epub 2009 Jul 20. PMID: 19727466 [PubMed - in process]

  • High pressure effects on a trimetallic Mn(II/III) SMM. Prescimone A, Sanchez-Benitez J, Kamenev KV, Moggach SA, Lennie AR, Warren JE, Murrie M, Parsons S, Brechin EK. Dalton Trans. 2009 Sep 28;(36):7390-5. Epub 2009 Jul 20. PMID: 19727459 [PubMed - in process]

  • 4,4'-Methylenediphenol-4,4'-bipyridine (2/3): decarboxylation of 5,5'-methylenedisalicylic acid under hydrothermal conditions. Zhang ZH, Tan X, Chen SC. Acta Crystallogr C. 2009 Sep;65(Pt 9):o457-9. Epub 2009 Aug 15. PMID: 19726861 [PubMed - in process]

  • Evaluating placental transfer and tissue concentrations of manganese in the pregnant rat and fetuses after inhalation exposures with a PBPK model. Yoon M, Nong A, Clewell HJ 3rd, Taylor MD, Dorman DC, Andersen ME. Toxicol Sci. 2009 Sep 2. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19726578 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Lactational transfer of manganese in rats: Predicting manganese tissue concentration in the dam and pups from inhalation exposure with a pharmacokinetic model. Yoon M, Nong A, Clewell HJ 3rd, Taylor MD, Dorman DC, Andersen ME. Toxicol Sci. 2009 Sep 2. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19726576 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Experimental protocol for activation-induced manganese-enhanced MRI (AIM-MRI) based on quantitative determination of Mn content in rat brain by fast T(1) mapping. Tambalo S, Daducci A, Fiorini S, Boschi F, Mariani M, Marinone M, Sbarbati A, Marzola P. Magn Reson Med. 2009 Sep 1. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19725135 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Analysis of settled dust with X-ray Fluorescence for exposure assessment of metals in the province of Brescia, Italy. Zacco A, Resola S, Lucchini R, Albini E, Zimmerman N, Guazzetti S, Bontempi E. J Environ Monit. 2009 Sep;11(9):1579-85. Epub 2009 Jul 11. PMID: 19724825 [PubMed - in process]

  • Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the small subunit (R2F) of native ribonucleotide reductase from Corynebacterium ammoniagenes. Ogata H, Stolle P, Stehr M, Auling G, Lubitz W. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2009 Sep 1;65(Pt 9):878-80. Epub 2009 Aug 20. PMID: 19724122 [PubMed - in process]

  • Magnetic and spectroscopic properties of mixed valence manganese(III,IV) dimers: a systematic study using broken symmetry density functional theory. Orio M, Pantazis DA, Petrenko T, Neese F. Inorg Chem. 2009 Aug 3;48(15):7251-60. PMID: 19722694 [PubMed - in process]

  • Syntheses, Structures, and Photochemistry of Manganese Nitrosyls Derived from Designed Schiff Base Ligands: Potential NO Donors That Can Be Activated by Near-Infrared Light. Hoffman-Luca CG, Eroy-Reveles AA, Alvarenga J, Mascharak PK. Inorg Chem. 2009 Sep 1. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19722518 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Removal of aqueous manganese using the natural zeolitic tuff from the Vranjska Banja deposit in Serbia. Rajic N, Stojakovic D, Jevtic S, Zabukovec Logar N, Kovac J, Kaucic V. J Hazard Mater. 2009 Aug 8. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19720456 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Morphological changes in the tongue as a consequence of manganese inhalation in a murine experimental model: Light and scanning electron microscopic analysis. Fortoul TI, Vélez-Cruz M, Antuna-Bizarro S, Montaño LF, Rodriguez-Lara V, Saldivar-Osorio L. J Electron Microsc (Tokyo). 2009 Aug 27. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19717389 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Effects of inoculation with Phanerochaete chrysosporium at various time points on enzyme activities during agricultural waste composting. Zeng G, Yu M, Chen Y, Huang D, Zhang J, Huang H, Jiang R, Yu Z. Bioresour Technol. 2009 Aug 28. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19717299 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Estimating the prevalence of clinical manganism using a cascaded screening process in a South African manganese smelter. Myers JE, Fine J, Ormond-Brown D, Fry J, Thomson A, Thompson ML. Neurotoxicology. 2009 Aug 28. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19716846 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Manganese corroles prevent intracellular nitration and subsequent death of insulin producing cells. Okun Z, Kupershmidt L, Amit T, Mandel S, Bar Am O, Youdim MB, Gross Z. ACS Chem Biol. 2009 Aug 28. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19715343 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Relationship between polymorphism in the manganese superoxide dismutase gene and breast cancer. Eras-Erdogan N, Akbas E, Senli H, Kul S, Colak T. Mutat Res. 2009 Aug 25. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19712751 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Removal of some heavy metals ions from wastewater by copolymer of iron and aluminum impregnated with active silica derived from rice husk ash. Abo-El-Enein SA, Eissa MA, Diafullah AA, Rizk MA, Mohamed FM. J Hazard Mater. 2009 Jul 17. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19709808 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

 

 

 

 

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