American Elements: Neodymium Supplier & Technical Information

Neodymium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.

Neodymium is the most abundant of the rare earths after cerium and lanthanum. Neodymium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Primary applications include lasers, glass coloring and tinting, dielectrics and, most importantly, as the fundamental basis for neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnets. Neodymium has a strong absorption band centered at 580 nm, which is very close to the human eye's maximum level of sensitivity making it useful in protective lenses for welding goggles. It is also used in CRT displays to enhance contrast between reds and greens and highly valued in glass manufacturing for its attractive purple coloring. Neodymium is included in many formulations of barium titanate, used as dielectric coatings and in multi-layer capacitors essential to electronic equipment.

Neodymium facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are

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available for many specific states, forms and shapes on the product pages listed to the left. Elemental or metallic forms include pellets, rod, wire and granules for evaporation source material purposes. Nanoparticles and nanopowders provide ultra high surface area which nanotechnology research and recent experiments demonstrate function to create new and unique properties and benefits.

Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Neodymium is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries.

Neodymium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The electronic configuration is [Xe]4f⁴6s². In its elemental form neodymium's CAS number is 7440-00-8. The neodymium atom has a radius of 181.4.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 181.pm.

All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology advantages. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic Neodymium compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis.

Neodymium was first discovered by Carl Aer von Welsbach in 1885.

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Neodymium Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of Neodymium and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.

Isotope	Atomic Mass	% Abundance on Earth
Nd-142	141.908	27.13
Nd-143	142.910	12.18
Nd-144	143.910	23.80
Nd-144	144.913	8.30
Nd-146	145.913	17.19
Nd-148	147.917	5.76
Nd-150	149.921	5.64

Neodymium Safety Data. The safety data for Neodymium metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin.

Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for Neodymium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:

1^st Ionization Energy	533.09 kJ mol^-1
2nd Ionization Energy	1035.30 kJ mol^-1
3rd Ionization Energy	2132.34 kJ mol^-1

Conductivity. As to Neodymium's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured in terms of electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 64 µOcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 1.14. The thermal conductivity of Neodymium is 16.5 W m^-1 K^-1.

Thermal Properties of Neodymium. The melting point and boiling point for Neodymium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.

Heat of Fusion	7.113 kJ mol^-1
Heat of Vaporization	328 kJ mol^-1
Heat of Atomization	328.57 kJ mol^-1

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