Neodymium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
 Neodymium is the most abundant of the rare earths after cerium and lanthanum. Neodymium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Primary applications include lasers, glass coloring and tinting, dielectrics and, most importantly, as the fundamental basis for neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnets. Neodymium has a strong absorption band centered at 580 nm, which is very close to the human eye's maximum level of sensitivity making it useful in protective lenses for welding goggles. It is also used in CRT displays to enhance contrast between reds and greens and highly valued in glass manufacturing for its attractive purple coloring. Neodymium is included in many formulations of barium titanate, used as dielectric coatings and in multi-layer capacitors essential to electronic equipment.
Neodymium facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are
available for many specific states, forms and shapes on the product pages listed to the left. Elemental or metallic forms include pellets, rod, wire and granules for evaporation source material purposes. Nanoparticles and nanopowders provide ultra high surface area which nanotechnology research and recent experiments demonstrate function to create new and unique properties and benefits.
Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Neodymium is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries.
Neodymium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Neodymium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f4 6s2. In its elemental form neodymium's CAS number is 7440-00-8. The neodymium atom has a radius of 181.4.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 181.pm.
 All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, thin fillm deposition using sputtering targets and evaporation materials, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology applications. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic Neodymium compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis.
Neodymium was first discovered by Carl Aer von Welsbach in 1885.
The name originates from the Greek words ‘neos didymos’, meaning new twin.
 néodyme |
 Neodym |
 neodimio |
 Neodímio |
 neodimio |
 Neodym |
Neodymium Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of Neodymium and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.
| Isotope |
Atomic Mass |
% Abundance on Earth |
| Nd-142 |
141.908 |
27.13 |
| Nd-143 |
142.910 |
12.18 |
| Nd-144 |
143.910 |
23.80 |
| Nd-144 |
144.913 |
8.30 |
| Nd-146 |
145.913 |
17.19 |
| Nd-148 |
147.917 |
5.76 |
| Nd-150 |
149.921 |
5.64 |
The following table shows the abundance of Neodymium present in the human body and in the universe scaled to parts per billion (ppb) by weight and by atom:
| |
Typical Human Body |
Universe |
| by Weight |
no data |
10 ppb |
| by Atom |
no data |
0.09 ppb |
Neodymium Safety Data and Biological Role. The safety data for Neodymium metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin. Neodymium compounds have no biological role.
Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for Neodymium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:
| 1st Ionization Energy |
533.09 kJ mol-1 |
| 2nd Ionization Energy |
1035.30 kJ mol-1 |
| 3rd Ionization Energy |
2132.34 kJ mol-1 |
Conductivity. As to Neodymium's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured in terms of electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 64 µOcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 1.14. The thermal conductivity of Neodymium is 16.5 W m-1 K-1.
Thermal Properties of Neodymium. The melting point and boiling point for Neodymium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.
| Heat of Fusion |
7.113 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat of Vaporization |
328 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat of Atomization |
328.57 kJ mol-1 |
Recent Research & Development for NeodymiumChain-like and dinuclear coordination polymers in lanthanide (Nd, Eu) oxochloride complexes with 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine: synthesis, XRD structure and magnetic properties.
Lhoste J, Pérez-Campos A, Henry N, Loiseau T, Rabu P, Abraham F.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Aug 5. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21818485
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Influence of Crystallization State and Microstructure on the Chemical Durability of Cerium-Neodymium Mixed Oxides.
Claparede L, Clavier N, Dacheux N, Moisy P, Podor R, Ravaux J.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Aug 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21809825
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Determination of some heavy metals by flame atomic absorption spectrometry before coprecipitation with neodymium hydroxide.
Soylak M, Kizil N.
J AOAC Int. 2011 May-Jun;94(3):978-84.
PMID:
21797027
[PubMed - in process]
Laser-Assisted Facial Contouring Using a Thermally Confined 1444-nm Nd-YAG Laser: A New Paradigm for Facial Sculpting and Rejuvenation.
Holcomb JD, Turk J, Baek SJ, Rousso DE.
Facial Plast Surg. 2011 Aug;27(4):315-30. Epub 2011 Jul 26.
PMID:
21792776
[PubMed - in process]
Evaluation of mineral content of dentin treated with desensitizing agents and neodymium yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser.
Malkoç MA, Sevimay M.
Lasers Med Sci. 2011 Jul 26. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21789631
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effects of lanthanum, cerium, and neodymium on the nuclei and mitochondria of hepatocytes: Accumulation and oxidative damage.
Huang P, Li J, Zhang S, Chen C, Han Y, Liu N, Xiao Y, Wang H, Zhang M, Yu Q, Liu Y, Wang W.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2011 Jan;31(1):25-32. Epub 2010 Sep 15.
PMID:
21787666
[PubMed - in process]
Follow-up of angle closure glaucoma suspects after laser iridotomy in Caucasians with normal intraocular pressure at diagnosis.
Pierre B, Laurence J, Pierre-Christophe T.
Can J Ophthalmol. 2011 Jun;46(3):247-53. Epub 2011 May 27.
PMID:
21784210
[PubMed - in process]
Highly efficient extraction of phenolic compounds by use of magnetic room temperature ionic liquids for environmental remediation.
Deng N, Li M, Zhao L, Lu C, de Rooy SL, Warner IM.
J Hazard Mater. 2011 Jun 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21783320
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Primary leiomyoma of the trachea, bronchus, and pulmonary parenchyma - a single-institutional experience.
Park JS, Lee M, Kim HK, Choi YS, Kim K, Kim J, Kim H, Shim YM.
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2011 Jul 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21767960
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Morphological changes in human skin melanoma treated by high-energy pulsed neodymium laser radiation.
Moskalik KG, Alexeeva LN, Novik VI, Demin EV, Kozlov AP.
J BUON. 2011 Apr-Jun;16(2):341-4.
PMID:
21766508
[PubMed - in process]
Stabilization of neodymium oxide nanoparticles via soft polymer adsorption.
Dorris AC, Sicard C, Chen M, McDonald A, Barrett CJ.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2011 Jul 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21761884
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Aqua-trinitrato[2,4,6-tris-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine]neodymium(III) dihydrate.
Zhou J, Lu GX, Zhang YG, Wei DY.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Jun 1;67(Pt 6):m699. Epub 2011 May 7.
PMID:
21754603
[PubMed]
Tetra-kis(µ-4-tert-butyl-benzoato)-?O:O';?O,O':O';?O:O,O'-bis-[aqua-(4-tert-butyl-benzoato-?O,O')(4-tert-butyl-benzoic acid-?O)neodymium(III)].
Yang J, Dai J.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Jun 1;67(Pt 6):m666-7. Epub 2011 May 7.
PMID:
21754578
[PubMed]
Neodymium(III) molybdenum(VI) borate, NdBO(2)MoO(4).
Held P, van der Wolf B, Bohatý L, Becker P.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Jun 1;67(Pt 6):i36. Epub 2011 May 20.
PMID:
21754565
[PubMed]
Tetra-kis(µ-3-aza-niumylbenzoato)-?O:O,O';?O,O':O;?O:O'-bis-[tetra-aqua-neodymium(III)] hexa-chloride tetra-hydrate.
Benslimane M, Merazig H, Daran JC.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 May 1;67(Pt 5):m584-5. Epub 2011 Apr 13.
PMID:
21754308
[PubMed]
Technologic advances in endodontics.
Mortman RE.
Dent Clin North Am. 2011 Jul;55(3):461-80.
PMID:
21726684
[PubMed - in process]
Upgraded multipulse laser and multipoint Thomson scattering diagnostics on EAST.
Zang Q, Zhao J, Yang L, Hu Q, Xi X, Dai X, Yang J, Han X, Li M, Hsieh CL.
Rev Sci Instrum. 2011 Jun;82(6):063502.
PMID:
21721686
[PubMed - in process]
Synthesis of magnetic nanofibers using femtosecond laser material processing in air.
Alubaidy MA, Venkatakrishnan K, Tan B.
Nanoscale Res Lett. 2011 May 6;6(1):375.
PMID:
21711890
[PubMed - in process]
Long-Pulse Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser Treatment Improves Amiodarone-Induced Hyperpigmentation.
Bagheri S, Eisen D.
Dermatol Surg. 2011 Jun 24. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02083.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21707831
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Successful Treatment of Recurrent Digital Mucoid Cysts Using a 1,444-nm Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser.
Kim JH, Park JH, Jee H, Oh SH.
Dermatol Surg. 2011 Jun 24. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02085.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21707830
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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