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Lanthanum
Lanthanum information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.

Lanthanum is the first element in the rare earth or lanthanide series. It is the model for all the other trivalent rare earths. After cerium, it is the second most abundant of the rare earths. Lanthanum is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Lanthanum-rich lanthanide compositions have been used extensively for cracking reactions in FCC catalysts, especially to manufacture low-octane fuel for heavy crude oil. It is utilized in green phosphors based on the aluminate (La0.4Ce0.45Tb0.15)PO4. Lanthanide zirconates and lanthanum strontium manganites are used for their catalytic and conductivity properties and lanthanum stabilized zirconia has useful electrical and mechanical properties. Lanthanum's ability to bind with phosphates in water creates numerous uses in water treatment. It is utilized in laser crystals based on the yttrium-lanthanum-fluoride (YLF) composition.

Lanthanum facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are

 

  Hydrogen                                 Helium
  Lithium Beryllium                     Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
  Sodium Magnesium                     Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
  Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Hydrogen Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
  Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
  Cesium Barium Cerium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
                                     
      Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium    
      Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawerencium    


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available for many specific states, forms and shapes on the product pages listed to the left. Elemental or metallic forms include pellets, rod, wire and granules for evaporation source material purposes. Nanoparticles and nanopowders provide ultra high surface area which nanotechnology research and recent experiments demonstrate function to create new and unique properties and benefits.

Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Lanthanum is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries.

Lanthanum is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The electronic configuration is [Xe] 5d1 6s2. In its elemental form lanthanum 's CAS number is 7439-91-0. The lanthanum atom has a radius of 187.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm.

All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology advantages. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic Lanthanum compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis.

Lanthanum was first discovered by Carl Mosander in 1839.

French lanthane German Lanthan Italian lantanio Portuguese Lantânio Spanish lantano Swedish Lantan

Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of lanthanum and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.

Isotope
Atomic Mass
% Abundance on Earth
La-138
137.907107
0.09
La-139
138.906348
99.91

Safety Data. The safety data for lanthanum metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin.

Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for lanthanum (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:

1st Ionization Energy
538.10 kJ mol-1
2nd Ionization Energy
1067.14 kJ mol-1
3rd Ionization Energy
1850.34 kJ mol-1

Conductivity. As to lanthanum 's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured as to electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 57 μΩcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 1.1. The thermal conductivity of lanthanum is 13.5 W m-1 K-1.

Thermal Properties. The melting point and boiling point for lanthanum are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.

Heat of Fusion
10.04 kJ mol-1
Heat of Vaporization
402.1 kJ mol-1
Heat of Atomization
431.29 kJ mol-1

 
Formula Atomic Number Molecular Weight Electronegativity (Pauling) Density Melting Point
Boiling Point
Vanderwaals radius
Ionic radius Energy of first ionization
La 57 138.91 g.mol -1 1.1 6.18 g.cm-3 at 20 °C 826 °C Unknown °C 200.pm 0.104 nm (+3) 538.10 kJ.mol-1

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Recent Research & Development for Lanthanum

  • ZO-2 Is Critical for Blood-Testis Barrier Integrity and Male Fertility. Xu J, Anuar FB, Ali SM, Ng MY, Phua DC, Hunziker W. Mol Biol Cell. 2009 Aug 19. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19692573 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Benefits and Harms of Phosphate Binders in CKD: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Navaneethan SD, Palmer SC, Craig JC, Elder GJ, Strippoli GF. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009 Aug 17. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19692157 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Modeling, Structural, and Spectroscopic Studies of Lanthanide-Organic Frameworks. Rodrigues MO, Paz FA, Freire RO, de Sa´ GF, Galembeck A, Montenegro MC, Arau´jo AN, Alves S. J Phys Chem B. 2009 Aug 18. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19689107 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Biological Activation of Heteropoly Complex of Molybdotungstosilicate Containing Lanthanum K(10)H (3)La(SiMo (6)W (5)O (39)) (2)[Symbol: see text]26H (2)O: Spectroscopic Approach and Microcalorimetry. Hu YJ, Ou-Yang Y, Zhao RM, Liu Y. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2009 Aug 13. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19680606 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Impact of anode microstructure on solid oxide fuel cells. Suzuki T, Hasan Z, Funahashi Y, Yamaguchi T, Fujishiro Y, Awano M. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):852-5. PMID: 19679808 [PubMed - in process]

  • Lanthanum citrate induces anoikis of Hela cells. Su X, Zheng X, Ni J. Cancer Lett. 2009 Aug 11. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19679391 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • On-line solid phase extraction CZE for the simultaneous determination of lanthanum and gadolinium at picogram per liter levels. Vizioli N, Gil R, Martínez LD, Silva MF. Electrophoresis. 2009 Aug;30(15):2681-7. PMID: 19670234 [PubMed - in process]

  • Strategies to manage low-bone turnover. Spasovski G. Nefrologia. 2009 Aug;29(4):295-297. doi: 10.3265/Nefrologia.2009.29.4.5399.en.full. Spanish, English. PMID: 19668299 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • The Coordination of the Tetraselenidoantimonate [SbSe(4)](3-) Anion with Trivalent Lanthanide Ions Tuned by Ethylene Polyamines. Jia D, Jin Q, Chen J, Pan Y, Zhang Y. Inorg Chem. 2009 Aug 7. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19663409 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Lanthanum Tricyanide-Catalyzed Acyl Silane-Ketone Benzoin Additions. Tarr JC, Johnson JS. Org Lett. 2009 Aug 5. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19655731 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Analysis of trace elements in chinese therapeutic foods and herbs. Xu H, Xu HE. Am J Chin Med. 2009;37(4):625-38. PMID: 19655402 [PubMed - in process]

  • Remarkable stability of ionic gold supported on sulfated lanthanum oxide. Goguet A, Ace M, Saih Y, Sa J, Kavanagh J, Hardacre C. Chem Commun (Camb). 2009 Aug 28;(32):4889-91. Epub 2009 Jul 6. PMID: 19652815 [PubMed - in process]

  • Synthesis, characterization and photoluminescence of lanthanum hydroxide nanorods by a simple route at room temperature. Mu Q, Chen T, Wang Y. Nanotechnology. 2009 Aug 26;20(34):345602. Epub 2009 Aug 4. PMID: 19652269 [PubMed - in process]

  • Facile fabrication of pomponlike microarchitectures of lanthanum molybdate via an ultrasound route. Ding Y, Li C, Guo R. Ultrason Sonochem. 2009 Mar 6. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19646910 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Lanthanum chloride impairs memory, decreases pCaMK IV, pMAPK and pCREB expression of hippocampus in rats. Yang J, Liu Q, Zhang L, Wu S, Qi M, Lu S, Xi Q, Cai Y. Toxicol Lett. 2009 Jul 28. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19643171 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Quaternary Tin(IV) Antimony(III) Sulfide Decorated with Lanthanum(III) Ethylenediamine Complexes: [La(en)(4)SbSnS(5)](2).0.5H(2)O. Feng ML, Ye D, Huang XY. Inorg Chem. 2009 Jul 30. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19642620 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Effects of Diagnostic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound on Permeability of Placental Barrier: A Primary Study. Hua X, Zhu LP, Li R, Zhong H, Xue YF, Chen ZH. Placenta. 2009 Jul 27. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19640583 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Electrochemical Fluorination of La(2)CuO(4): A Mild "Chimie Douce" Route to Superconducting Oxyfluoride Materials. Delville MH, Barbut D, Wattiaux A, Bassat JM, Me´ne´trier M, Labruge`re C, Grenier JC, Etourneau J. Inorg Chem. 2009 Jul 23. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19627136 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Lanthanum deposition in a dialysis patient. Davis RL, Abraham JL. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009 Jul 22. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19625369 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Electron diffraction of ABX3 perovskites with both layered ordering of A cations and tilting of BX6 octahedra. Kishida K, Goto K, Inui H. Acta Crystallogr B. 2009 Aug;65(Pt 4):405-15. Epub 2009 Jun 13. PMID: 19617675 [PubMed - in process]

 

 

 

 

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