American Elements specializes in producing high purity Rhodium oxide sputtering targets with the highest possible density and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes such as nanoparticles (See also application discussion at Nanotechnology Information and at Quantum Dots) and in the form of solutions and organometallics. We also produce Rhodium Oxide as pellets, pieces, powder, and tablets. Oxide compounds are not conductive to electricity. However, certain perovskite structured oxides are electronically conductive finding application in the cathode of solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen generation systems.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. See safety data and research below and pricing/lead time above. Other shapes are available by request.
Rhodium is a Block D, Group 9, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Rhodium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 16, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d8 5s1. In its elemental form rhodium's CAS number is 7440-16-6. The rhodium atom has a radius of 134.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Rhodium is not toxic. Rhodium is a member of the platinum group of metals. It has a higher melting point than platinum, but a lower density.
It is alloyed with platinum and palladium in electrodes for spark plugs, advanced laboratory equipment and in thermocouples. Rhodium compounds also have catalytic uses in automotive catalytic converters. Rhodium is used as a plating metal in jewelry production to enhance the whiteness of white gold. Rhodium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Rhodium was first discovered by William Wollaston in 1803. The name Rhodium, originates from the Greek word 'Rhodon' which means rose. See Rhodium research below.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Intramolecular Aromatic Carbenoid Insertion of Biaryldiazoacetates for the Regioselective Synthesis of Fluorenes.
Kim J, Ohk Y, Park SH, Jung Y, Chang S.
Chem Asian J. 2011 May 12. doi: 10.1002/asia.201100142. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21567971
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Rhodium-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization Involving Cyclopropenes: Efficient Stereoselective Synthesis of Medium-Sized Heterocyclic Scaffolds.
Miege F, Meyer C, Cossy J.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 May 12. doi: 10.1002/anie.201101220. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
21567678
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Allylic C-H bond activation and functionalization mediated by tris(oxazolinyl)borato rhodium(i) and iridium(i) compounds.
Ho HA, Gray TS, Baird B, Ellern A, Sadow AD.
Dalton Trans. 2011 May 12. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21566811
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Inter- and intramolecular hydroacylation of alkenes employing a bifunctional catalyst system.
Vautravers NR, Regent DD, Breit B.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 May 12. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21566809
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Carbon Chain Growth by Formyl Insertion on Rhodium and Cobalt Catalysts in Syngas Conversion.
Zhao YH, Sun K, Ma X, Liu J, Sun D, Su HY, Li WX.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 May 6. doi: 10.1002/anie.201100735. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
21557417
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Synthesis, Characterisation and Application of Iridium(III) Photosensitisers for Catalytic Water Reduction.
Gärtner F, Cozzula D, Losse S, Boddien A, Anilkumar G, Junge H, Schulz T, Marquet N, Spannenberg A, Gladiali S, Beller M.
Chemistry. 2011 May 6. doi: 10.1002/chem.201100235. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21557356
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Analysis of Tertiary Phosphanes, Arsanes, and Stibanes as Bridging Ligands in Dinuclear Group 9 Complexes.
Schinzel S, Müller R, Riedel S, Werner H, Kaupp M.
Chemistry. 2011 May 9. doi: 10.1002/chem.201003438. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21557345
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Asymmetric hydrogenation of alkenes lacking coordinating groups.
Woodmansee DH, Pfaltz A.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 May 10. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21556431
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Ionic Diamine Rhodium Complex Catalyzed Reductive N-Heterocyclization of 2-Nitrovinylarenes.
Alper H, Okuro K, Gurnham J.
J Org Chem. 2011 May 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21542601
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
trans-Carbonylchloridobis(ferrocenyldiphenylphosphane-?P)rhodium(I) dichloromethane monosolvate and trans-carbonylchloridobis(ferrocenyldiphenylphosphane-?P)iridium(I) dichloromethane monosolvate.
Muller A, Otto S.
Acta Crystallogr C. 2011 May;67(Pt 5):m165-8. Epub 2011 Apr 28.
PMID:
21540536
[PubMed - in process]
A Bifunctional Mechanism for Ethene Dimerization: Catalysis by Rhodium Complexes on Zeolite HY in the Absence of Halides.
Serna P, Gates BC.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 Apr 29. doi: 10.1002/anie.201008086. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
21538737
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Asymmetric polymerizations of chiral 4-benzyl-2-ethynyloxazoline with rhodium catalyst and chiroptical properties of the polymers.
Onimura K, Shintaku K, Rattanatraicharoen P, Yamabuki K, Oishi T.
Chirality. 2011 Apr 28. doi: 10.1002/chir.20959. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21538572
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Design and synthesis of new chiral phosphorus-olefin bidentate ligands and their use in the rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric addition of organoboroxines to N-sulfonyl imines.
Shintani R, Narui R, Tsutsumi Y, Hayashi S, Hayashi T.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 May 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21537505
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Synthesis and characterisation of group nine transition metal complexes containing new mesityl and naphthyl based azaindole scorpionate ligands.
Owen GR, Tsoureas N, Hope RF, Kuo YY, Haddow MF.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Apr 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21528139
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Screen-printed carbon electrodes modified by rhodium dioxide and glucose dehydrogenase.
Polan V, Soukup J, Vytras K.
Enzyme Res. 2011 Mar 3;2010:324184.
PMID:
21528113
[PubMed - in process]
Computationally Designed and Experimentally Confirmed Diastereoselective Rhodium-Catalyzed Pauson-Khand Reaction at Room Temperature.
Baik MH, Mazumder S, Ricci P, Sawyer JR, Song YG, Wang H, Evans PA.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Apr 27. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21524123
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
An Atom-Economic Synthesis of Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes by Rhodium N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Diastereoselective Tandem Hetero-[5 + 2] Cycloaddition/Claisen Rearrangement Reaction of Vinylic Oxiranes with Alkynes.
Feng JJ, Zhang J.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 May 18;133(19):7304-7. Epub 2011 Apr 27.
PMID:
21524076
[PubMed - in process]
Supported Rhodium Oxide Nanoparticles as Highly Active CO Oxidation Catalysts.
Ligthart DA, van Santen RA, Hensen EJ.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 Apr 20. doi: 10.1002/anie.201100190. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
21509919
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Thermal diffusion of (57)Co into rhodium matrix as a second step in preparing Mössbauer sources.
Cieszykowska I, Zóltowska M, Zachariasz P, Piasecki A, Janiak T, Mielcarski M.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2011 Apr 8. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21507667
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Rhodium-Catalyzed Branched-Selective Alkyne Hydroacylation: A Ligand-Controlled Regioselectivity Switch.
González-Rodríguez C, Pawley RJ, Chaplin AB, Thompson AL, Weller AS, Willis MC.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 Apr 19. doi: 10.1002/anie.201100956. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
21506226
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
American Elements specializes in producing high purity Rhodium oxide sputtering targets with the highest possible density 
and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes such as nanoparticles (See also application discussion at Nanotechnology Information and at Quantum Dots) and in the form of solutions and organometallics. We also produce Rhodium Oxide as pellets, pieces, powder, and tablets. Oxide compounds are not conductive to electricity. However, certain perovskite structured oxides are electronically conductive finding application in the cathode of solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen generation systems.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. See safety data and research below and pricing/lead time above. Other shapes are available by request.
Rhodium is a Block D, Group 9, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Rhodium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 16, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d8 5s1. In its elemental form rhodium's CAS number is 7440-16-6. The rhodium atom has a radius of 134.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Rhodium is not toxic. Rhodium is a member of the platinum group of metals. It has a higher melting point than platinum, but a lower 
density.
It is alloyed with platinum and palladium in electrodes for spark plugs, advanced laboratory equipment and in thermocouples. Rhodium compounds also have catalytic uses in automotive catalytic converters. Rhodium is used as a plating metal in jewelry production to enhance the whiteness of white gold. Rhodium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Rhodium was first discovered by William Wollaston in 1803. The name Rhodium, originates from the Greek word 'Rhodon' which means rose. See Rhodium research below.
