American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopeia/British Pharmacopeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.See safety data and research below and pricing/lead time above. American Elements specializes in producing high purity Ruthenium Selenide Sputtering targets with the highest possible density and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes nanoparticles. We also produce Ruthenium as disc, granules, ingot, pellets, pieces, powder, and rod. Other shapes are available by request.
Ruthenium is a Block D, Group 8, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Ruthenium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d7 5s1. In its elemental form ruthenium's CAS number is 7440-18-8. The ruthenium atom has a radius of 132.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4) is very toxic and Ruthenium in its elemental form is considered carcinogen. Ruthenium is member of the platinum group of metals. It is one of the most effective hardeners for platinum and palladium , and is alloyed with these metals to make electrical contacts for severe wear resistanant electronics and laboratory equipment. The corrosion resistance of titanium is improved a hundredfold by addition of 0.1% ruthenium. It is also a versatile catalyst. Hydrogensulfide can be split catalytically by light using an aqueous suspension of cadmiumsulfide particles loaded with ruthenium dioxide. It is also believed to have pharmacological applications. Ruthenium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Ruthenium was first discovered by Karl Klaus in 1844. The name Ruthenium, originates from the Latin word 'Ruthenia' meaning Russia. See Ruthenium research below.
Selenium is a Block P, Group 16, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Selenium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 6 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4. In its elemental form selenium's CAS number is 7782-49-2. The selenium atom has a radius of 116.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 190.pm. The EPA does not classify selenium as carcinogenic, although selenium sulfide is a probable carcinogen. Selenates and selenites which are compounds of selenium, are highly toxic. Hydrogen selenide gas (SeH2) is the most acutely toxic compound of selenium. Selenium exhibits both photovoltaic action, where light is converted directly into electricity, and photoconductive action, where the electrical resistance decreases with increased illumination. of photocells and exposure meters for photographic use, as well as solar cells. Below its melting point, selenium is a p-type semiconductor and has many uses in electronic and solid-state applications. Selenium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Selenium was first discovered by Jons Berzelius in 1817. The origin of the name Selenium comes from the Greek word "Selênê" meaning moon. See selenium research below.
Carbene-based ruthenium photosensitizers.
Chen HS, Chang WC, Su C, Li TY, Hsu NM, Tingare YS, Li CY, Shie JH, Li WR.
Dalton Trans. 2011 May 19. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21597610
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The effects of jatrorrhizine on contractile responses of rat ileum.
Yuan J, Zhou J, Hu Z, Ji G, Xie J, Wu D.
Eur J Pharmacol. 2011 May 11. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21596029
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Electron Mobility and Injection Dynamics in Mesoporous ZnO, SnO2, and TiO2 Films used in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.
Tiwana P, Docampo P, Johnston MB, Snaith HJ, Herz LM.
ACS Nano. 2011 May 19. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21595483
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Stoichiometric photoisomerization of mononuclear ruthenium(II) monoaquo complexes controlling redox properties and water oxidation catalysis.
Yamazaki H, Hakamata T, Komi M, Yagi M.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 May 19. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21595472
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Enhancements in travelling wave ion mobility resolution.
Giles K, Williams JP, Campuzano I.
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2011 Jun 15;25(11):1559-66. doi: 10.1002/rcm.5013.
PMID:
21594930
[PubMed - in process]
Design and Development of Functionalized Cyclometalated Ruthenium Chromophores for Light-Harvesting Applications.
Robson KC, Koivisto BD, Yella A, Sporinova B, Nazeeruddin MK, Baumgartner T, Gra?tzel M, Berlinguette CP.
Inorg Chem. 2011 May 19. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21591799
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Electropolymerization of a Ruthenium(II) Bis(pyrazolyl)pyridine Complex to Form a Novel Ru-Containing Conducting Metallopolymer.
Zhu XJ, Holliday BJ.
Macromol Rapid Commun. 2010 May 12;31(9-10):904-9. doi: 10.1002/marc.200900902. Epub 2010 Apr 6.
PMID:
21590986
[PubMed - in process]
Dual emission from highly conjugated 2,2':6':2?-terpyridine complexes-a potential route to white emitters.
Siebert R, Winter A, Dietzek B, Schubert US, Popp J.
Macromol Rapid Commun. 2010 May 12;31(9-10):883-8. doi: 10.1002/marc.200900894. Epub 2010 Mar 19.
PMID:
21590983
[PubMed - in process]
?-Conjugated Donor and Donor-Acceptor Metallo-Polymers.
Wild A, Schlütter F, Pavlov GM, Friebe C, Festag G, Winter A, Hager MD, Cimrová V, Schubert US.
Macromol Rapid Commun. 2010 May 12;31(9-10):868-74. doi: 10.1002/marc.200900889. Epub 2010 Apr 16.
PMID:
21590981
[PubMed - in process]
Shape-Persistent, Truxene-Based, Nano-Sized Bisterpyridine Ruthenium(II) Complexes: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties.
Wang JL, Chan YT, Moorefield CN, Pei J, Modarelli DA, Romano NC, Newkome GR.
Macromol Rapid Commun. 2010 May 12;31(9-10):850-5. doi: 10.1002/marc.200900874. Epub 2010 Mar 19.
PMID:
21590978
[PubMed - in process]
Preparation of hexacoordinating benzimidazole containing ligand and hexakis(benzimidazole-ruthenium(ii)) complex. Molecular structure of C(6){CH(2)-(N-benzimidazole-RuCl(2)(p-cymene))}(6).
Pozgan F, Toupet L, Dixneuf PH.
Dalton Trans. 2011 May 17. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21589963
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Preparation of secondary and tertiary amines from nitroarenes and alcohols.
Lee CC, Liu ST.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 May 17. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21589955
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Reactivity, photolability, and computational studies of the ruthenium nitrosyl complex with a substituted cyclam fac-[Ru(NO)Cl(2)(?(3)N(4),N(8),N(11)(1-carboxypropyl)cyclam)]Cl·H(2)O.
Doro FG, Pepe IM, Galembeck SE, Carlos RM, da Rocha ZN, Bertotti M, Tfouni E.
Dalton Trans. 2011 May 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21584321
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Acidosis environment promotes osteoclast formation by acting on the last phase of preosteoclast differentiation: A study to elucidate the action points of acidosis and search for putative target molecules.
Kato K, Morita I.
Eur J Pharmacol. 2011 May 8. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21575626
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Mast-cell degranulation induced by physical stimuli involves the activation of Transient-Receptor-Potential Channel TRPV2.
Zhang D, Spielmann A, Wang L, Ding G, Huang F, Gu Q, Schwarz W.
Physiol Res. 2011 May 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21574765
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Protonolysis of a Ruthenium-Carbene Bond and Applications in Olefin Metathesis.
Keitz BK, Bouffard J, Bertrand G, Grubbs RH.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 May 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21574621
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Highly Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Quinolines Using Phosphine-Free Chiral Cationic Ruthenium Catalysts: Scope, Mechanism, and Origin of Enantioselectivity.
Wang T, Zhuo LG, Li Z, Chen F, Ding Z, He Y, Fan QH, Xiang JF, Yu ZX, Chan AS.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 May 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21574550
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Synthesis of Highly Stable 1,3-Diaryl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidenes and their Applications in Ruthenium-Catalyzed Olefin Metathesis.
Bouffard J, Keitz BK, Tonner R, Lavallo V, Guisado-Barrios G, Frenking G, Grubbs RH, Bertrand G.
Organometallics. 2011 Mar 9;30(9):2617-2627.
PMID:
21572542
[PubMed]
Synthesis, cellular uptake, apopotosis, cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, interaction with DNA and antioxidant activity of ruthenium(II) complexes.
Huang HL, Li ZZ, Liang ZH, Yao JH, Liu YJ.
Eur J Med Chem. 2011 Apr 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21570748
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis, Cellular Uptake, Cell Cycle Arrest, Photocleavage, and Antioxidant Activity of 1, 10-Phenanthroline Ruthenium(II) Complexes.
Liu YJ, Li ZZ, Liang ZH, Yao JH, Huang HL.
DNA Cell Biol. 2011 May 13. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21568758
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Recent Research & Development for Selenium
Selenoprotein K binds multi-protein complexes and is involved in the regulation of ER homeostasis.
Shchedrina VA, Everley RA, Zhang Y, Gygi SP, Hatfield DL, Gladyshev VN.
J Biol Chem. 2011 Oct 20. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22016385
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Catalytic activity of selenomethionine in removing amino acid, peptide, and protein hydroperoxides.
Suryo Rahmanto A, Davies MJ.
Free Radic Biol Med. 2011 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22015433
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Combination of chemometrically assisted voltammetry, calorimetry, and circular dichroism as a new method for the study of bioinorganic substances: application to selenocystine metal complexes.
Gusmão R, Prohens R, Díaz-Cruz JM, Ariño C, Esteban M.
J Biol Inorg Chem. 2011 Oct 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22015398
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Marine and farmed fish on the Polish market: Comparison of the nutritive value and human exposure to PCDD/Fs and other contaminants.
Szlinder-Richert J, Usydus Z, Malesa-Ciecwierz M, Polak-Juszczak L, Ruczynska W.
Chemosphere. 2011 Oct 17. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22014661
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Dietary selenium reduces retention of methyl mercury in freshwater fish.
Bjerregaard P, Fjordside S, Hansen MG, Petrova MB.
Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Oct 20. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22014184
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Plant and fungal food components with potential activity on the development of microbial oral diseases.
Daglia M, Papetti A, Mascherpa D, Grisoli P, Giusto G, Lingström P, Pratten J, Signoretto C, Spratt DA, Wilson M, Zaura E, Gazzani G.
J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011;2011:274578. Epub 2011 Oct 17.
PMID:
22013381
[PubMed - in process]
Selenium, selenoproteins and the thyroid gland: interactions in health and disease.
Schomburg L.
Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011 Oct 18. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2011.174. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22009156
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Selenium inhibits migration of murine melanoma cells via down-modulation of IL-18 expression.
Song H, Kim J, Lee HK, Park HJ, Nam J, Park GB, Kim YS, Cho D, Hur DY.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2011 Oct 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22008306
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Detection, Identification, and Quantification of Selenoproteins in a Candidate Human Plasma Standard Reference Material.
Ballihaut G, Kilpatrick LE, Davis WC.
Anal Chem. 2011 Oct 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22007999
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Severe pre-eclampsia is associated with abnormal trace elements concentrations in maternal and fetal blood.
Katz O, Paz-Tal O, Lazer T, Aricha-Tamir B, Mazor M, Wiznitzer A, Sheiner E.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2011 Oct 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22007865
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effects of Selenium Supplements on Cancer Prevention: Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Lee EH, Myung SK, Jeon YJ, Kim Y, Chang YJ, Ju W, Seo HG, Huh BY.
Nutr Cancer. 2011 Oct 17. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22004275
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Study of the correlation of serum selenium level with Behcet's disease.
Esalatmanesh K, Jamshidi A, Shahram F, Davatchi F, Masoud SA, Soleimani Z, Salesi M, Ghaffarpasand I.
Int J Rheum Dis. 2011 Oct;14(4):375-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1756-185X.2011.01649.x. Epub 2011 Sep 5.
PMID:
22004235
[PubMed - in process]
Multi-metal(loid) methylation in methanoarchaea is linked to central intermediates of methanogenesis.
Thomas F, Diaz-Bone RA, Wuerfel O, Huber B, Weidenbach K, Schmitz RA, Hensel R.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Oct 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22003009
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The Effects of Di(2-Ethylhexyl)Phthalate Exposure and Selenium Nutrition on Sertoli Cell Vimentin Structure and Germ-Cell Apoptosis in Rat Testis.
Erkekoglu P, Zeybek ND, Giray B, Asan E, Hincal F.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011 Oct 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22002783
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A superoxide anion-scavenger, 1,3-selenazolidin-4-one suppresses serum deprivation-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by activating MAP kinase.
Nishina A, Kimura H, Kozawa K, Sommen G, Nakamura T, Heimgartner H, Koketsu M, Furukawa S.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2011 Oct 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22001386
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Nutrition, dietary supplements and adenocarcinoma of the prostate.
Schultz C, Meier M, Schmid HP.
Maturitas. 2011 Oct 12. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22001108
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Interactions of Cu(I) with Selenium-Containing Amino Acids Determined by NMR, XAS, and DFT Studies.
Wang HC, Riahi M, Pothen J, Bayse CA, Riggs-Gelasco P, Brumaghim JL.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Oct 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21999616
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effects of Basal Media and Supplements on Diethylstilbestrol-Treated Immature Mouse Primary Granulosa Cell Growth and Regulation of Steroidogenesis In Vitro.
Ding T, Luo A, Yang S, Lai Z, Wang Y, Shen W, Jiang J, Lu Y, Ma D, Wang S.
Reprod Domest Anim. 2011 Oct 15. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01879.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21999365
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Demographic and lifestyle factors and selenium levels in men and women in the U.S.
Park K, Rimm E, Siscovick D, Spiegelman D, Morris JS, Mozaffarian D.
Nutr Res Pract. 2011 Aug;5(4):357-64. Epub 2011 Aug 31.
PMID:
21994531
[PubMed - in process]
New group 11 complexes with metal-selenium bonds of methyldiphenylphosphane selenide: a solid state, solution and theoretical investigation.
Pop A, Silvestru A, Gimeno MC, Laguna A, Kulcsar M, Arca M, Lippolis V, Pintus A.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Oct 13. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21993712
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Proud sponsors of Aeromat 2012. Please join us and our customers & co-sponsors Boeing and ATI on
June 18-20, 2012
in Charlotte, North Carolina
and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes nanoparticles. We also produce Ruthenium as disc, granules, ingot, pellets, pieces, powder, and rod. Other shapes are available by request.
Ruthenium is a Block D, Group 8, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Ruthenium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d7 5s1. In its elemental form ruthenium's CAS number is 7440-18-8. The ruthenium atom has a radius of 132.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4) is very toxic and Ruthenium in its elemental form is considered carcinogen. Ruthenium is member of the platinum group of metals. It is one of the most effective hardeners for platinum and palladium , and is alloyed with these metals to make electrical contacts for severe wear resistanant 
electronics and laboratory equipment. The corrosion resistance of titanium is improved a
hundredfold by addition of 0.1% ruthenium. It is also a versatile catalyst. Hydrogen sulfide can be split catalytically by light using an aqueous suspension of cadmium sulfide particles loaded with ruthenium dioxide. It is also believed to have pharmacological applications. Ruthenium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Ruthenium was first discovered by Karl Klaus in 1844. The name Ruthenium, originates from the Latin word 'Ruthenia' meaning Russia. See Ruthenium research below. 
Selenium is a Block P, Group 16, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Selenium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 6 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4. In its elemental form selenium's CAS number is 7782-49-2. The selenium atom has a radius of 116.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 190.pm. The EPA does not classify selenium as carcinogenic, although selenium sulfide 
is a probable carcinogen. Selenates and selenites which are compounds of selenium, are highly toxic. Hydrogen selenide gas (SeH2) is the most acutely toxic compound of selenium. Selenium exhibits both photovoltaic action, where light is converted directly into electricity, and photoconductive action, where the electrical resistance decreases with increased illumination. of photocells and exposure meters for photographic use, as 
well as solar cells. Below its melting point, selenium is a p-type semiconductor and has many uses in electronic and solid-state applications. Selenium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Selenium was first discovered by Jons Berzelius in 1817. The origin of the name Selenium comes from the Greek word "Selênê" meaning moon. See selenium research below. 
