Cadmium
About Cadmium

In nature, cadmium is most commonly found as a minor component of zinc ores. This fact led to its discovery in 1817 by both Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer, who was examining impurities in a sample of the zinc carbonate mineral calamine (or cadmia in Latin), from which the name of the element was subsequently derived.
Cadmium found a variety of applications soon after its discovery. The first notable use of cadmium was in red, orange, and yellow pigments based on cadmium sulfides and selenides, which started on a small scale as early as the 1840’s. Cadmium pigments are valued for their vividness and permanence, and at the time of their introduction there were few options for stable pigments in this color range. As industrial scale production of cadmium metal started in the earlier twentieth century, cadmium pigments gained in popularity and other applications followed. Since cadmium is resistant to corrosion, it can be deposited by an electroplating process to serve as a protective coating on more easily corroded metals such as steel. Nickel-cadmium (NiCd) batteries were first invented in 1899, but became commonly produced starting in the mid-1940’s. For the next fifty years, they were the primary rechargeable batteries available for consumer electronics. Cadmium can also be a component of silver-based solder alloys that are versatile and have high strength along with a uniquely low melting point, and cadmium compounds can be used to stabilize PVC plastics, greatly increasing their resistance to heat and general wear.
Unfortunately, using cadmium for all of these applications had one major downside: cadmium and many of its compounds are extremely toxic. Poisoning by the metal’s fumes or cadmium-laden dust is often acute, producing severe flu-like symptoms, respiratory problems, and damage to the liver and kidneys within hours of exposure. Acute organ damage can also result from ingestion of large amounts of cadmium compounds, but long term low-level exposure can also lead to insidious damage, producing progressive kidney disease, gout, and dangerously weak bones which lead to severe pain and fractures. Cadmium in industrial waste, landfills, and mines easily leaches into groundwater, and from there can be consumed in drinking water or accumulate in crops. All plants can absorb some cadmium from the soil, but some are particularly prone to concentrating the metal, which sometimes leads to tragic mass poisonings.
Cadmium's toxicity concerns have led to workplace safety regulations, battery recycling programs, and a substantial decline in traditional uses of the metal. Alternative pigments such as cerium sulfide and azo pigments are now available for many applications, though some fine artist's paints still include cadmium. In most applications of corrosion-resistant thin films, zinc or aluminum plating can serve the same purpose as cadmium. Few solder formulas still include cadmium, and alternative stabilizers have been developed for the manufacture of PVC products. Finally, nickel metal hydride(NiMH) and lithium ion batteries are now becoming economically viable and functionally comparable alternatives to Ni-Cd for rechargeable batteries in consumer electronics, though Ni-Cd batteries still have advantages to recommend them for some specialized applications.
A relatively new application for cadmium in compound semiconductors is becoming increasingly relevant. Cadmium can form II-VI class semiconducting compounds with selenium, tellurium, and sulfur, and can also be a component of several ternary semiconductors. The largest current use of cadmium semiconductors is in cadmium telluride thin-film photovoltaics, but they are also used in radiation detectors, electro-optic modulators, optical windows and lenses, photoresistors, and lasers. Additionally, ongoing research into nanoscale cadmium semiconductor crystals such as cadmium selenide quantum dots has shown promise for a variety of applications, including higher-efficiency LED-type lighting.
Cadmium is relatively rare and there are no common cadmium ores, so today the element is still obtained commercially as a byproduct of zinc mining. Cadmium sulfide is the compound most commonly found in zinc ores, and as it is easy to isolate and purify, it is the primary source of cadmium for industrial applications.
Products
Featured High Purity Products
Compounds
- Cadmium Acetate
- Cadmium Acetate Dihydrate
- Cadmium Acetate Hydrate
- Cadmium Acetate Solution
- Cadmium Borate
- Cadmium Borate Hydrate
- Cadmium Borotungstate
- Cadmium Bromide
- Cadmium Bromide Hydrate
- Cadmium Bromide Tetrahydrate
- Cadmium Bromide, Ultra Dry
- Cadmium Carbide
- Cadmium Carbonate
- Cadmium Chloride
- Cadmium Chloride Dihydrate
- Cadmium Chloride Hemi(pentahydrate)
- Cadmium Chloride Monohydrate
- Cadmium Chloride Hydrate
- Cadmium Chloride Solution
- Cadmium Chloride, Ultra Dry
- Cadmium Chromate
- Cadmium Diphosphide
- Cadmium Fluoride
- Cadmium Hydroxide
- Cadmium Iodate
- Cadmium Iodide
- Cadmium Iodide, Ultra Dry
- Cadmium Molybdate
- Cadmium Nitrate
- Cadmium Nitrate Solution
- Cadmium Nitride
- Cadmium Oxide
- Cadmium Oxalate
- Cadmium Perchlorate Hexahydrate
- Cadmium Perchlorate Hydrate
- Cadmium Phosphate
- Cadmium Selenate
- Cadmium Selenite
- Cadmium Stannate
- Cadmium Stearate
- Cadmium Sulfate Hydrate
- Cadmium Sulfate Octahydrate
- Cadmium Sulfate Solution
- Cadmium Sulfate, Anhydrous
- Cadmium Tantalate CdTa2O6
- Cadmium Tantalate Cd2Ta2O7
- Cadmium Tellurite
- Cadmium Tetrafluoroborate Solution
- Cadmium Tungstate
- Cadmium Vanadate
- Silver Cadmium Oxide
Metallic Forms
- Cadmium Balls
- Cadmium Bands
- Cadmium Bars
- Cadmium Chunk
- Cadmium Coil
- Cadmium Concentrate
- Cadmium Crucibles
- Cadmium Cubes
- Cadmium Cylinder
- Cadmium Disc
- Cadmium Flake
- Cadmium Flanges
- Cadmium Foam
- Cadmium Foil
- Cadmium Granules
- Cadmium Honeycomb
- Cadmium Ingot
- Cadmium Lump
- Cadmium Mesh
- Cadmium Metal
- Cadmium Microfoil
- Cadmium Microleaf
- Cadmium Pellets
- Cadmium Particles
- Cadmium Parts
- Cadmium Pieces
- Cadmium Plates
- Cadmium Powder
- Cadmium Puck
- Cadmium Ribbon
- Cadmium Rings
- Cadmium Rod
- Cadmium Samples
- Cadmium Shaving
- Cadmium Sheets
- Cadmium Shot
- Cadmium Single Crystal
- Cadmium Sleeve
- Cadmium Slugs
- Cadmium Specimens
- Cadmium Spheres
- Cadmium Sponge
- Cadmium Spring
- Cadmium Sticks
- Cadmium Strip
- Cadmium Tape
- Cadmium Tube
- Cadmium Wafer
- Cadmium Wire
- Cadmium Wool
- Ultra Thin Cadmium Foil
Alloys
- Bismuth Indium Cadmium Alloy
- Bismuth Lead Cadmium Alloy
- Bismuth Lead Cadmium Indium Alloy
- Bismuth Lead Cadmium Indium Tin Alloy
- Bismuth Lead Cadmium Tin Alloy
- Bismuth Lead Indium Tin Cadmium Alloy
- Bismuth Lead Tin Cadmium Alloy
- Bismuth Lead Tin Cadmium Indium Alloy
- Bismuth Lead Tin Cadmium Ingot
- Bismuth Cadmium
- Bismuth Tin Cadmium
- Cadmium Zinc Alloy
- Copper Cadmium Alloy
- Copper Cadmium Tin Alloy
- Indium Bismuth Cadmium Alloy
- Indium Cadmium Alloy
- Indium Tin Cadmium Alloy
- Indium Tin Lead Cadmium Alloy
- Lead Cadmium Alloy
- Mercury Cadmium Telluride Granules
- Mercury Cadmium Telluride Powder
- Mercury Cadmium Telluride Lump
- Silver Cadmium Alloy
- Silver Cadmium Zinc Copper Alloy Particles
- Silver Cadmium Zinc Copper Alloy Powder
- Tin Cadmium Alloy
- Tin Lead Cadmium
- Woods Metal Stick
Oxide Forms
Organometallics
Nanomaterials
- Cadmium Nanoparticles
- Cadmium Nanoprisms
- Cadmium Nanorods
- Cadmium Oxide Nanoparticle Dispersion
- Cadmium Oxide Nanoparticles
- Cadmium Selenide/Cadmium Sulfide Quantum Dots
- Cadmium Selenide Hollow Nanospheres
- Cadmium Selenide Nanotubes
- Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles
- Cadmium Sulfide Quantum Dots
- CdSe/CdS Quantum Rods
- CdSe Quantum Dots
- CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots
- CdSeTe/ZnS Quantum Dots
- CdTe Quantum Dots
- ZnCdSeS alloyed Quantum Dots
- ZnCdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots
Semiconductor & Optical
- Cadmium Antimonide CdSb
- Cadmium Antimonide Cd3Sb2
- Cadmium Arsenide Cd3As2
- Cadmium(IV) Arsenide CdAs2
- Cadmium Indium Tellurium Granules
- Cadmium Indium Tellurium Powder
- Cadmium Indium Tellurium Lump
- Cadmium Magnesium Telluride
- Cadmium Manganese Telluride
- Cadmium Phosphide CdP2
- Cadmium Phosphide Cd3P2
- Cadmium Selenide
- Cadmium Selenide Hollow Spheres
- Cadmium Selenide Sulfide
- Cadmium Selenide Tube
- Cadmium Sulfide
- Cadmium Telluride
- Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT)
- CdPS3 Crystal
- Zinc Cadmium Telluride Granule
- Zinc Cadmium Telluride Lump
- Zinc Cadmium Telluride Powder
Sputtering Targets
- Cadmium Antimonide Sputtering Target
- Cadmium Arsenide Sputtering Target
- Cadmium Fluoride Sputtering Target
- Cadmium Manganese Telluride Sputtering Target
- Cadmium Oxide Rotatable Sputtering Target
- Cadmium Oxide Sputtering Target
- Cadmium Phosphide Sputtering Target
- Cadmium Rotatable Sputtering Target
- Cadmium Selenide Sputtering Target
- Cadmium Sputtering Target
- Cadmium Stannate Sputtering Target
- Cadmium Sulfide Sputtering Target
- Cadmium Telluride Sputtering Target
- Cadmium Tin Sputtering Target
- Cadmium Zinc Sulfide Sputtering Target
- Zinc Cadmium Telluride Sputtering Target
Isotopes
- Cadmium-106 Isotope
- Cadmium-106 Oxide Isotope
- Cadmium-108 Isotope
- Cadmium-108 Oxide Isotope
- Cadmium-110 Oxide Isotope
- Cadmium-111 Chloride Isotope
- Cadmium-111 Oxide Isotope
- Cadmium-112 Isotope
- Cadmium-112 Oxide Isotope
- Cadmium-113 Chloride Isotope
- Cadmium-113 Isotope
- Cadmium-113 Oxide Isotope
- Cadmium-114 Oxide Isotope
- Cadmium-116 Oxide Isotope
Cadmium is a key component in battery production, certain pigments and coatings, and is commonly used in electroplating. Cadmium oxide is used in phosphors for television picture tubes. Cadmium sulfide (CdS) is used as a photoconductive surface coating for photocopier drums. Cadmium is also used to absorb neutrons in nuclear reactors. Cadmium in glass and ceramic glazes create a distinctive cadmium yellow.
Cadmium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity). Elemental or metallic forms include pellets, rod, wire and granules for evaporation source material purposes. Cadmium oxide is available in powder and dense pellet form for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Cadmium is also available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds can be manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries.
Cadmium Properties
Cadmium is a Block D, Group 12, Period 5 element.
The number of electrons in each of Cadmium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2.
The cadmium atom has a radius of 148.9.pm and its Van der Waals radius is 158.pm. In its elemental form, CAS 7440-43-9, cadmium has a silvery bluish gray metallic appearance. Cadmium makes up about 0.1 ppm of the earth's crust. No significant deposits of cadmium containing ores are known, however, it is sometimes found in its metallic form. It is a common impurity in zinc ores and is isolated during the production of zinc. Cadmium was first discovered by Friedrich Stromeyer in 1817. The name cadmium originates from the Latin word 'cadmia' and the Greek word 'kadmeia'.
General Properties
Symbol: | Cd |
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Atomic Number: | 48 |
Atomic Weight: | 112.411 |
Element Category: | transition metal |
Group, Period, Block: | 12, 5, d |
Color: | bluish-white/ silvery gray metallic |
Other Names: | Cadmio, Cádmio, Kadmium, |
Physical Properties
Melting Point: | 321.07 °C, 609.93 °F, 594.22 K |
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Boiling Point: | 767 °C, 1413 °F, 1040 K |
Density: | 8.65 g/cm3 |
Liquid Density @ Melting Point: | 7.996 g/cm3 |
Density @ 20°C: | 8.65 g/cm3 |
Density of Solid: | 8650 kg·m3 |
Specific Heat: | 0.23 (kJ/kg K) |
Superconductivity Temperature: | 0.517 [or -272.633 °C (-458.74 °F)] K |
Triple Point: | N/A |
Critical Point: | N/A |
Heat of Fusion (kJ·mol-1): | 6.11 |
Heat of Vaporization (kJ·mol-1): | 100 |
Heat of Atomization (kJ·mol-1): | 112.05 |
Thermal Conductivity: | 96.6 W·m-1·K-1 |
Thermal Expansion: | (25 °C) 30.8 µm·m-1·K-1 |
Electrical Resistivity: | (22 °C) 72.7 nΩ·m |
Tensile Strength: | N/A |
Molar Heat Capacity: | 26.020 J·mol-1·K-1 |
Young's Modulus: | 50 GPa |
Shear Modulus: | 19 GPa |
Bulk Modulus: | 42 GPa |
Poisson Ratio: | 0.3 |
Mohs Hardness: | 2 |
Vickers Hardness: | N/A |
Brinell Hardness: | 203 MPa |
Speed of Sound: | (20 °C) 2310 m·s-1 |
Pauling Electronegativity: | 1.69 |
Sanderson Electronegativity: | 1.98 |
Allred Rochow Electronegativity: | 1.46 |
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity: | 1.53 (sp orbital) |
Allen Electronegativity: | N/A |
Pauling Electropositivity: | 2.31 |
Reflectivity (%): | 67 |
Refractive Index: | N/A |
Chemical Properties
Electrons: | 48 |
---|---|
Protons: | 48 |
Neutrons: | 64 |
Electron Configuration: | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 |
Atomic Radius: | 151 pm |
Atomic Radius, non-bonded (Å): | 2.18 |
Covalent Radius: | 144±9 pm |
Covalent Radius (Å): | 1.4 |
Van der Waals Radius: | 158 pm |
Oxidation States: | 2, 1 (mildly basic oxide) |
Phase: | Solid |
Crystal Structure: | hexagonal close-packed |
Magnetic Ordering: | diamagnetic |
Electron Affinity (kJ·mol-1) | Not stable |
1st Ionization Energy: | 867.78 kJ·mol-1 |
2nd Ionization Energy: | 1631.42 kJ·mol-1 |
3rd Ionization Energy: | 3616.30 kJ·mol-1 |
Identifiers
CAS Number: | 7440-43-9 |
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EC Number: | 231-152-8 |
MDL Number: | MFCD00010914 |
Beilstein Number: | 8137359 |
SMILES Identifier: | [Cd] |
InChI Identifier: | InChI=1S/Cd |
InChI Key: | BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
PubChem CID: | 23973 |
ChemSpider ID: | 22410 |
Abundance
Earth - Total: | 16.4 ppb |
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Mercury - Total: | 0.19 ppb |
Venus - Total: | 17.2 ppb |
Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by weight: | 0.05 |
Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by atoms: | 0.0028 |
Earth - Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by weight: | 150 |
Earth - Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by atoms: | 30 |
Sun - Total, ppb by weight: | 6 |
Sun - Total, ppb by atoms: | 0.07 |
Stream, ppb by weight: | N/A |
Stream, ppb by atoms: | N/A |
Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by weight: | 450 |
Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by atoms: | 60 |
Typical Human Body, ppb by weight: | 700 |
Typical Human Body, ppb by atom: | 39 |
Universe, ppb by weight: | 2 |
Universe, ppb by atom: | 0.02 |
History
Discovered By: | Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer |
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Discovery Date: | 1817 |
First Isolation: | Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer (1817) |
Health, Safety & Transportation Information for Cadmium
Cadmium and its compounds are toxic. Safety data for Cadmium and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the Products tab. The below information applies to elemental (metallic) Cadmium.
Safety Data | |
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Signal Word | Danger |
Hazard Statements | H330-H341-H350-H361fd-H372-H410 |
Hazard Codes | T+,N |
Risk Codes | 45-26-48/23/25-50/53-62-63-68 |
Safety Precautions | 53-45-60-61 |
RTECS Number | EU9800000 |
Transport Information | UN 2570 6.1/PG 1 |
WGK Germany | 3 |
Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling (GHS) | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Review and Print SDS for Cadmium Metal
SAFETY DATA SHEET
SECTION 1. IDENTIFICATION
Product Name: Cadmium Metal
Product Number: All applicable American Elements product codes, e.g. CD-M-02, CD-M-03, CD-M-04, CD-M-05, CD-M-06, CD-M-07
CAS #: 7440-43-9
Relevant identified uses of the substance: Scientific research and development
Supplier details:
American Elements
1093 Broxton Ave. Suite 2000
Los Angeles, CA 90024
Tel: +1 310-208-0551
Fax: +1 310-208-0351
Emergency telephone number:
Domestic, North America +1 800-424-9300
International +1 703-527-3887
SECTION 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
Classification of the substance or mixture
Classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008
GHS06 Skull and crossbones
Acute Tox. 2 H330 Fatal if inhaled.
GHS08 Health hazard
Muta. 2 H341 Suspected of causing genetic defects.
Carc. 1B H350 May cause cancer.
Repr. 2 H361 Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child.
STOT RE 1 H372 Causes damage to the lung, the kidneys, the reproductive system and the blood through prolonged or repeated exposure. Route of exposure: Oral.
Classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC or Directive 1999/45/EC
T+; Very toxic
R26: Very toxic by inhalation.
T; Toxic
Carc. Cat. 2
R45-48/23/25: May cause cancer. Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and if swallowed.
Xn; Harmful
R62-68-63: Possible risk of impaired fertility. Possible risk of irreversible effects. Possible risk of harm to the unborn child.
N; Dangerous for the environment
R50/53: Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
Muta. Cat. 3, Repr. Cat. 3
Information concerning particular hazards for human and environment:
Not applicable
Hazards not otherwise classified
No information known.
Label elements
Labelling according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008
The substance is classified and labeled according to the CLP regulation.
Hazard pictograms


GHS06 GHS08
Signal word: Danger
Hazard statements
H330 Fatal if inhaled.
H341 Suspected of causing genetic defects.
H350 May cause cancer.
H361 Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child.
H372 Causes damage to the lung, the kidneys, the reproductive system and the blood through prolonged or repeated exposure. Route of exposure: Oral.
Precautionary statements
P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P284 [In case of inadequate ventilation] wear respiratory protection.
P281 Use personal protective equipment as required.
P320 Specific treatment is urgent (see on this label).
P405 Store locked up.
P501 Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/national/international regulations.
WHMIS classification
D1A - Very toxic material causing immediate and serious toxic effects
D2A - Very toxic material causing other toxic effects
Classification system
HMIS ratings (scale 0-4)
(Hazardous Materials Identification System)
HEALTH
FIRE
REACTIVITY
1
0
0
Health (acute effects) = 1
Flammability = 0
Physical Hazard = 0
Other hazards
Results of PBT and vPvB assessment
PBT: Not applicable.
vPvB: Not applicable.
Chemical characterization: Substances
CAS# Description:
7440-43-9 Cadmium
Identification number(s):
EC number: 231-152-8
Index number: 048-002-00-0
SECTION 4. FIRST AID MEASURES
Description of first aid measures
General information
Immediately remove any clothing soiled by the product.
Remove breathing apparatus only after contaminated clothing has been completely removed.
In case of irregular breathing or respiratory arrest provide artificial respiration.
After inhalation
Supply fresh air. If required, provide artificial respiration. Keep patient warm.
Seek immediate medical advice.
After skin contact
Immediately wash with water and soap and rinse thoroughly.
Seek immediate medical advice.
After eye contact
Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water. Then consult a doctor.
After swallowing
Seek medical treatment.
Information for doctor
Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed
No further relevant information available.
Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
No further relevant information available
SECTION 5. FIREFIGHTING MEASURES
Extinguishing media
Suitable extinguishing agents
Special powder for metal fires. Do not use water.
For safety reasons unsuitable extinguishing agents
Water
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
If this product is involved in a fire, the following can be released:
Cadmium oxide
Advice for firefighters
Protective equipment:
Wear self-contained respirator.
Wear fully protective impervious suit.
SECTION 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Wear protective equipment. Keep unprotected persons away.
Ensure adequate ventilation
Environmental precautions:
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
Do not allow product to reach sewage system or any water course.
Do not allow to penetrate the ground/soil.
Methods and material for containment and cleaning up:
Dispose of contaminated material as waste according to section 13.
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Prevention of secondary hazards:
No special measures required.
Reference to other sections
See Section 7 for information on safe handling
See Section 8 for information on personal protection equipment.
See Section 13 for disposal information.
SECTION 7. HANDLING AND STORAGE
Handling
Precautions for safe handling
Keep container tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry place in tightly closed containers.
Ensure good ventilation at the workplace.
Open and handle container with care.
Information about protection against explosions and fires:
No information known.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
Storage
Requirements to be met by storerooms and receptacles:
No special requirements.
Information about storage in one common storage facility:
No information known.
Further information about storage conditions:
Keep container tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry conditions in well sealed containers.
Specific end use(s)
No further relevant information available.
SECTION 8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION
Additional information about design of technical systems:
Properly operating chemical fume hood designed for hazardous chemicals and having an average face velocity of at least 100 feet per minute.
Control parameters
Components with limit values that require monitoring at the workplace: 7440-43-9 Cadmium (100.0%)
PEL (USA) Long-term value: 0.005 mg/m³ as Cd; see 29 CFR 1910.1027
REL (USA) See Pocket Guide App. A
TLV (USA) Long-term value: 0.01 0.002* mg/m³ as Cd; *respirable fraction; BEI
EL (Canada) Long-term value: 0.01 mg/m³ as Cd; ACIGH A1, IARC 1
EV (Canada) Long-term value: 0.01 0.002* mg/m³ *respirable
Ingredients with biological limit values: 7440-43-9 Cadmium (100.0%)
BEI (USA) 5 μg/g creatinine
Medium: urine
Time: not critical
Parameter: Cadmium (background)
5 μg/L
Medium: blood
Time: not critical
Parameter: Cadmium (background)
Additional information: No data
Exposure controls
Personal protective equipment
General protective and hygienic measures
The usual precautionary measures for handling chemicals should be followed.
Keep away from foodstuffs, beverages and feed.
Remove all soiled and contaminated clothing immediately.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of work.
Store protective clothing separately.
Maintain an ergonomically appropriate working environment.
Breathing equipment:
Use self-contained respiratory protective device in emergency situations.
Protection of hands:
Impervious gloves
Check protective gloves prior to each use for their proper condition.
The selection of suitable gloves not only depends on the material, but also on quality. Quality will vary from manufacturer to manufacturer.
Material of gloves
Nitrile rubber, NBR
Penetration time of glove material (in minutes)
Not determined
Eye protection: Safety glasses
Body protection: Protective work clothing.
SECTION 9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Information on basic physical and chemical properties
General Information
Appearance:
Form: Solid in various forms
Color: Silvery-white
Odor: Not determined
Odor threshold: Not determined.
pH-value: Not applicable.
Change in condition
Melting point/Melting range: 321 °C (610 °F)
Boiling point/Boiling range: 765 °C (1409 °F)
Sublimation temperature / start: Not determined
Flammability (solid, gaseous): Not determined.
Ignition temperature: Not determined
Decomposition temperature: Not determined
Auto igniting: Not determined.
Danger of explosion: Not determined.
Explosion limits:
Lower: Not determined
Upper: Not determined
Vapor pressure at 180 °C (356 °F): 0.00013 hPa
Density at 20 °C (68 °F): 8.65 g/cm³ (72.184 lbs/gal)
Bulk density at 20 °C (68 °F): 2700 kg/m³
Relative density: Not determined.
Vapor density: Not applicable.
Evaporation rate: Not applicable.
Solubility in / Miscibility with Water: Not determined
Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): Not determined.
Viscosity:
dynamic: Not applicable.
kinematic: Not applicable.
Other information
No further relevant information available.
SECTION 10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Reactivity
No information known.
Chemical stability
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided:
Decomposition will not occur if used and stored according to specifications.
Possibility of hazardous reactions
No dangerous reactions known
Conditions to avoid
No further relevant information available.
Incompatible materials:
No information known.
Hazardous decomposition products:
Cadmium oxide
SECTION 11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Information on toxicological effects
Acute toxicity:
Fatal if inhaled.
The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains acute toxicity data for this substance.
LD/LC50 values that are relevant for classification: No data
Skin irritation or corrosion:
Powder: irritant effect
Eye irritation or corrosion:
Powder: irritant effect
Sensitization: No sensitizing effects known.
Germ cell mutagenicity:
Suspected of causing genetic defects.
The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains mutation data for this substance.
Carcinogenicity:
May cause cancer.
IARC-1: Carcinogenic to humans: sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity.
EPA-B1: Probable human carcinogen, limited evidence of carcinogenicity from epidemiologic studies.
Carcinogen as defined by OSHA.
ACGIH A2: Suspected human carcinogen: Agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at dose levels, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) considered relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies are conflicting or insufficient to confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans.
NTP-K: Known to be carcinogenic: sufficient evidence from human studies.
The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains tumorigenic and/or carcinogenic and/or neoplastic data for this substance.
Reproductive toxicity:
Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child.
The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains reproductive data for this substance.
Specific target organ system toxicity - repeated exposure:
Causes damage to the lung, the kidneys, the reproductive system and the blood through prolonged or repeated exposure. Route of exposure: Oral.
Specific target organ system toxicity - single exposure: No effects known.
Aspiration hazard: No effects known.
Subacute to chronic toxicity:
The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains multiple dose toxicity data for this substance.
Additional toxicological information:
To the best of our knowledge the acute and chronic toxicity of this substance is not fully known.
SECTION 12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Toxicity
Aquatic toxicity: No further relevant information available.
Persistence and degradability
No further relevant information available.
Bioaccumulative potential
No further relevant information available.
Mobility in soil
No further relevant information available.
Ecotoxical effects:
Remark:
Very toxic for aquatic organisms
Additional ecological information:
General notes:
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
Do not allow product to reach ground water, water course or sewage system, even in small quantities.
Danger to drinking water if even extremely small quantities leak into the ground.
Also poisonous for fish and plankton in water bodies.
May cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life.
Avoid transfer into the environment.
Very toxic for aquatic organisms
Results of PBT and vPvB assessment
PBT: Not applicable.
vPvB: Not applicable.
Other adverse effects
No further relevant information available
SECTION 13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Waste treatment methods
Recommendation
Consult state, local or national regulations to ensure proper disposal.
Uncleaned packagings:
Recommendation:
Disposal must be made according to official regulations.
SECTION 14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION
UN-Number
DOT, ADN, IMDG, IATA
Not applicable
UN proper shipping name
DOT, ADN, IMDG, IATA
Not applicable
Transport hazard class(es)
DOT, ADR, ADN, IMDG, IATA
Class
Not applicable
Packing group
DOT, IMDG, IATA
Not applicable
Environmental hazards:
Environmentally hazardous substance, solid
Special precautions for user
Not applicable.
Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL73/78 and the IBC Code
Not applicable.
Transport/Additional information:
DOT
Marine Pollutant (DOT):
No
UN "Model Regulation":
-
SECTION 15. REGULATORY INFORMATION
Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture
National regulations
All components of this product are listed in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical substance Inventory.
All components of this product are listed on the Canadian Domestic Substances List (DSL).
SARA Section 313 (specific toxic chemical listings)
7440-43-9 Cadmium
California Proposition 65
Prop 65 - Chemicals known to cause cancer
7440-43-9 Cadmium
Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity
Substance is not listed.
Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, female
Substance is not listed.
Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, male
7440-43-9 Cadmium
Information about limitation of use:
Workers are not allowed to be exposed to this hazardous material. Exceptions can be made by the authorities in certain cases.
For use only by technically qualified individuals.
Other regulations, limitations and prohibitive regulations
Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC) according to the REACH Regulations (EC) No. 1907/2006.
This substance is included in the Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH).
The conditions of restrictions according to Article 67 and Annex XVII of the Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH) for the manufacturing, placing on the market and use must be observed.
Substance is not listed.
Annex XIV of the REACH Regulations (requiring Authorisation for use)
Substance is not listed.
REACH - Pre-registered substances
Substance is listed.
Chemical safety assessment:
A Chemical Safety Assessment has not been carried out.
16. OTHER INFORMATION
Safety Data Sheet according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH). The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive and shall be used only as a guide. The information in this document is based on the present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent any guarantee of the properties of the product. American Elements shall not be held liable for any damage resulting from handling or from contact with the above product. See reverse side of invoice or packing slip for additional terms and conditions of sale. COPYRIGHT 1997-2016 AMERICAN ELEMENTS. LICENSED GRANTED TO MAKE UNLIMITED PAPER COPIES FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY.
Cadmium Isotopes
Naturally occurring cadmium (Cd) has six stable isotopes: 106Cd, 108Cd, 110Cd, 111Cd, 112Cd, and 114Cd.
Nuclide | Isotopic Mass | Half-Life | Mode of Decay | Nuclear Spin | Magnetic Moment | Binding Energy (MeV) | Natural Abundance (% by atom) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
95Cd | 94.94987(64)# | 5# ms | Unknown | 9/2+# | N/A | 761.13 | - |
96Cd | 95.93977(54)# | 1# s | ß+ to 96Ag | 0+ | N/A | 778.53 | - |
97Cd | 96.93494(43)# | 2.8(6) s | ß+ to 97Ag; ß+ + p to 96Ag | 9/2+# | N/A | 791.26 | - |
98Cd | 97.92740(8) | 9.2(3) s | ß+ to 98Ag; ß+ + p to 97Ag | 0+ | N/A | 805.86 | - |
99Cd | 98.92501(22)# | 16(3) s | ß+ to 99Ag; ß+ + p to 98Ag; ß+ + a to 98Ag | (5/2+) | N/A | 815.81 | - |
100Cd | 99.92029(10) | 49.1(5) s | ß+ to 100Ag | 0+ | N/A | 828.54 | - |
101Cd | 100.91868(16) | 1.36(5) min | ß+ to 101Ag | (5/2+) | N/A | 845.94 | - |
102Cd | 101.91446(3) | 5.5(5) min | ß+ to 102Ag | 0+ | N/A | 854.02 | - |
103Cd | 102.913419(17) | 7.3(1) min | ß+ to 103Ag | 5/2+ | N/A | 862.09 | - |
104Cd | 103.909849(10) | 57.7(10) min | ß+ to 104Ag | 0+ | N/A | 879.49 | - |
105Cd | 104.909468(12) | 55.5(4) min | ß+ to 105Ag | 5/2+ | N/A | 887.57 | - |
106Cd | 105.906459(6) | Observationally Stable | - | 0+ | N/A | 895.65 | 1.25 |
107Cd | 106.906618(6) | 6.50(2) h | EC to 107Ag | 5/2+ | -0.615055 | 903.73 | - |
108Cd | 107.904184(6) | Observationally Stable | - | 0+ | N/A | 911.8 | 0.89 |
109Cd | 108.904982(4) | 461.4(12) d | EC to 109Ag | 5/2+ | -0.827846 | 919.88 | - |
110Cd | 109.9030021(29) | STABLE | - | 0+ | N/A | 927.96 | 12.49 |
111Cd | 110.9041781(29) | STABLE | - | 1/2+ | -0.5948857 | 936.04 | 12.8 |
112Cd | 111.9027578(29) | STABLE | - | 0+ | N/A | 944.12 | 24.13 |
113Cd | 112.9044017(29) | 7.7(3)E+15 y | ß- to 113In | 1/2+ | -0.6223005 | 952.2 | 12.22 |
114Cd | 113.9033585(29) | Observationally Stable | - | 0+ | N/A | 960.28 | 28.73 |
115Cd | 114.9054310(29) | 53.46(5) h | ß- to 115Cd | 1/2+ | -1.087 | 968.36 | - |
116Cd | 115.904756(3) | 3.1(4)E+19 y | ß- to 116Sn | 0+ | N/A | 976.43 | 7.49 |
117Cd | 116.907219(4) | 2.49(4) h | ß- to 117Cd | 1/2+ | N/A | 984.51 | - |
118Cd | 117.906915(22) | 50.3(2) min | ß- to 118Cd | 0+ | N/A | 992.59 | - |
119Cd | 118.90992(9) | 2.69(2) min | ß- to 119Cd | (3/2+) | N/A | 1000.67 | - |
120Cd | 119.90985(2) | 50.80(21) s | ß- to 120Cd | 0+ | N/A | 1008.75 | - |
121Cd | 120.91298(9) | 13.5(3) s | ß- to 121Cd | (3/2+) | N/A | 1007.51 | - |
122Cd | 121.91333(5) | 5.24(3) s | ß- to 122Cd | 0+ | N/A | 1015.59 | - |
123Cd | 122.91700(4) | 2.10(2) s | ß- to 123Cd | (3/2)+ | N/A | 1023.67 | - |
124Cd | 123.91765(7) | 1.25(2) s | ß- to 124Cd | 0+ | N/A | 1031.75 | - |
125Cd | 124.92125(7) | 0.65(2) s | ß- to 125Cd | (3/2+)# | N/A | 1030.51 | - |
126Cd | 125.92235(6) | 0.515(17) s | ß- to 126Cd | 0+ | N/A | 1038.59 | - |
127Cd | 126.92644(8) | 0.37(7) s | ß- to 127Cd | (3/2+) | N/A | 1046.67 | - |
128Cd | 127.92776(32) | 0.28(4) s | ß- to 128Cd | 0+ | N/A | 1054.75 | - |
129Cd | 128.93215(32)# | 242(8) ms | ß- to 129Cd; IT | 3/2+# | N/A | 1053.51 | - |
130Cd | 129.9339(3) | 162(7) ms | ß- to 130Cd; ß- + n to 129Cd; | 0+ | N/A | 1061.59 | - |
131Cd | 130.94067(32)# | 68(3) ms | Unknown | 7/2-# | N/A | 1060.35 | - |
132Cd | 131.94555(54)# | 97(10) ms | Unknown | 0+ | N/A | 1068.43 | - |