SECTION 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
Classification of the substance or mixture
Classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008:
GHS08 health hazard
Repr. 2 - H361 Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child.
GHS09 environment
Aquatic Acute 1 H400 Very toxic to aquatic life.
GHS07
Acute Tox. 4 H302 Harmful if swallowed.
Acute Tox. 4 H332 Harmful if inhaled.
Skin Irrit. 2
H315 Causes skin irritation.
Eye Irrit. 2
H319 Causes serious eye irritation.
Skin Sens. 1 H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction.
STOT SE 3
H335 May cause respiratory irritation.
Classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC or Directive 1999/45/EC:
Xn; Harmful
R20/22-62: Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. Possible risk of impaired fertility.
Xi; Irritant
R36/37/38: Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.
Sensitising
R43: May cause sensitisation by skin contact.
Dangerous for the environment
R50: Very toxic to aquatic organisms.
Label elements
Labelling according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008:
The product is classified and labelled according to the CLP regulation.
Hazard pictograms:
Signal word: Warning
Hazard-determining components of labelling:
cesium iodide
thallium iodide
Hazard statements:
H302+H332 Harmful if swallowed or if inhaled.
H315
Causes skin irritation.
H319
Causes serious eye irritation.
H317
May cause an allergic skin reaction.
H361
Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child.
H335
May cause respiratory irritation.
H400
Very toxic to aquatic life.
Precautionary statements:
P261
Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P280
Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P273
Avoid release to the environment.
P264
Wash thoroughly after handling.
P270
Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P271
Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P272
Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
P201
Obtain special instructions before use.
P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P362
Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
P304+P340
IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P363
Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
P332+P313
If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P333+P313
If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P337+P313
If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.
P330
Rinse mouth.
P391
Collect spillage.
P405
Store locked up.
P403+P233
Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P501
Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/national/international regulations.
Other hazards
Results of PBT and vPvB assessment:
The components do not meet the criteria for classification as PBT or vPvB.
SECTION 3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
Substances
CAS No. Description
7789-17-5 Cesium iodide
Identification number(s):
EC number: 232-145-2
Description: White crystal, doped with thallium
SECTION 4. FIRST AID MEASURES
Description of first aid measures
After inhalation:
Take affected persons into fresh air and keep quiet.
Seek immediate medical advice.
In case of unconsciousness place patient stably in side position for transportation.
In case of breathing difficulties administer oxygen.
In case of irregular breathing or respiratory arrest provide artificial respiration.
In case of allergic symptoms in the breathing area, seek medical advice immediately.
Do not use mouth to mouth or mouth to nose resuscitation.
After skin contact:
Take off all contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash with water and soap and rinse thoroughly.
If skin irritation continues, consult a doctor.
After eye contact:
Protect unharmed eye.
Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
Call a doctor immediately.
After swallowing:
Rinse mouth.
Do not induce vomiting; call for medical help immediately.
Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed:
Allergic reactions
Irritating effect
Headache
Fever
Erythema (reddening)
Inflammation of the skin
Prolonged/repetitive skin contact may cause skin defattening or dermatitis.
Hazards:
Harmful if swallowed.
Harmful if inhaled.
Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
First Aid, decontamination, treatment of symptoms.
SECTION 5. FIREFIGHTING MEASURES
Extinguishing media
Suitable extinguishing agents: Use fire extinguishing methods suitable to surrounding conditions.
For safety reasons unsuitable extinguishing agents: Water with full jet
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
The product is non flammable.
In certain fire conditions, traces of other toxic gases cannot be excluded, e.g.:
Hydrogen iodide (HI)
Metal oxide fume
Advice for firefighters
Protective equipment:
Do not inhale explosion gases or combustion gases.
Wear self-contained respiratory protective device.
Wear fully protective suit.
Additional information:
Move undamaged containers from immediate hazard area if it can be done safely.
Dispose of fire debris and contaminated fire fighting water in accordance with official regulations.
Collect contaminated fire fighting water separately. It must not enter the sewage system.
SECTION 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Wear protective equipment. Keep unprotected persons away.
Avoid formation of dust.
Avoid any contact with eyes or skin.
Do not inhale dust / smoke / mist.
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Remove persons from danger area.
Environmental precautions:
Dumping into the environment must be prevented.
Do not allow to penetrate the ground/soil.
Do not allow product to reach sewage system or any water course.
Methods and material for containment and cleaning up
Remove mechanically, placing in appropriate containers for disposal.
Use approved industrial vacuum cleaner for removal.
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Dispose of the material collected according to regulations.
Reference to other sections
See section 1 for emergency contact details.
See Section 7 for information on safe handling.
See Section 8 for information on personal protection equipment.
See Section 13 for disposal information.
SECTION 7. HANDLING AND STORAGE
Precautions for safe handling
Avoid any contact with eyes or skin. Wear personal protective equipment.
Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
Provide for sufficient ventilation and punctiform suction at critical points.
Prevent formation of dust.
Information about fire - and explosion protection:
No special measures required.
Usual measures for fire prevention.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
Requirements to be met by storerooms and receptacles:
Store only in the original container.
Access is only to be granted to authorised personal.
Information about storage in one common storage facility:
Keep away from food, drink and animal feeding stuffs.
Do not store together with oxidizing and acidic materials.
Store away from water.
Further information about storage conditions:
Store in cool, dry conditions in well sealed containers.
Protect from humidity and water.
Protect from heat and direct sunlight.
This product is hygroscopic.
Store under lock and key and with access restricted to technical experts or their assistants only.
Storage class: 13 Incombustible solids
Specific end use(s): See section 1
SECTION 8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION
Exposure controls
Personal protective equipment:
General protective and hygienic measures:
Avoid contact with the eyes and skin.
Do not inhale dust / smoke / mist.
Ensure that washing facilities are available at the work place.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of work.
Do not eat, drink, smoke or sniff while working.
Immediately remove all soiled and contaminated clothing
Store protective clothing separately.
The usual precautionary measures are to be adhered to when handling chemicals.
Respiratory protection:
If technical suction or ventilation measures are not possible or are insufficient, protective breathing apparatus must be worn.
The filter class must be suitable for the maximum contaminant concentration (gas/vapour/aerosol/particulates) that may arise when handling the product. If the concentration is exceeded, closed-circuit breathing apparatus must be used!
Suitable respiratory protective equipment:
Half-mask (EN 140) with filter FFP1 or P2 (EN 149)
Protection of hands:
Tested protective gloves are to be worn. When handling chemical substances, chemical protective gloves must be worn with CE label including a four digit code. Type of chemical protective gloves to choose depends on the concentration and quantity of dangerous substances as well as on work place specifications. In the cases of special applications, it is recommended to check the chemical resistance with the manufacturer of the gloves.
The glove material has to be impermeable and resistant to the product/ the substance/ the preparation.
Selection of the glove material on consideration of the penetration times, rates of diffusion and the degradation.
Material of gloves:
Recommendation:
Nitrile rubber, NBR
Butyl rubber, BR
Recommended thickness of the material: ≥ 0.35 mm
Penetration time:
> 480 min (EN 374)
Penetration time of glove material:
The exact break through time has to be found out by the manufacturer of the protective gloves and has to be observed.
Eye protection:
Tightly sealed goggles
Body protection:
Only wear fitting, comfortable and clean protective clothing.
Recommendation:
Protective work clothing
Boots
Limitation and supervision of exposure into the environment: Dumping into the environment must be prevented.
SECTION 9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Information on basic physical and chemical properties
General Information
Appearance:
Form: Solid Crystalline
Colour: White
Odour: Odourless
Odour threshold: Not determined.
pH-value: Not applicable.
Change in condition
Melting point/Melting range: 621 °C
Boiling point/Boiling range: 1280 °C
Flash point: Not applicable.
Flammability (solid, gaseous): Product is not flammable.
Ignition temperature: Not determined.
Decomposition temperature: Not determined.
Self-igniting: Product is not selfigniting.
Danger of explosion: Not explosive.
Vapour pressure: Not applicable.
Density at 25 °C: 4.5 g/cm³
Vapour density: Not applicable.
Evaporation rate: Not applicable.
Solubility in / Miscibility with water at 20 °C: ~670 g/l
Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): Not determined.
Viscosity:
Dynamic: Not applicable.
Kinematic: Not applicable.
Other information
Hygroscopic crystal.
SECTION 10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Reactivity: The product is stable under standard conditions (temperature, pressure) of storage and handling.
Chemical stability: The product is hygroscopic.
Possibility of hazardous reactions: No dangerous reactions known.
Conditions to avoid:
Avoid generation of dust.
Protect from direct sunlight.
Heat
Water / moisture
Incompatible materials:
Acids
Oxidizing agents
Hazardous decomposition products:
In case of fire, the following products can be released:
Iodine compounds
Hydrogen iodide (HI)
Metal oxid fume
SECTION 11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Primary irritant effect:
on the skin: Irritating to skin.
on the eye: Irritating effect.
on the respiratory tract:
May cause respiratory irritation.
Sensitization: Sensitization possible through skin contact.
Additional toxicological information: Harmful
CMR effects (carcinogenity, mutagenicity and toxicity for reproduction):
Carcinogenicity: No indications of human carcinogenicity exist.
Mutagenicity: No indications of human germ cell mutagenicity exist.
Reproductive toxicity: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child.
Repr. 2
SECTION 12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Persistence and degradability: No further relevant information available.
Bioaccumulative potential: No indication of bio-accumulation potential.
Mobility in soil: No further relevant information available.
General notes:
Water hazard class 2 (German Regulation) (Self-assessment): hazardous for water
The material is harmful to the environment.
Avoid transfer into the environment.
Results of PBT and vPvB assessment
PBT: Not applicable.
vPvB: Not applicable.
Other adverse effects: No further relevant information available.
SECTION 13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Waste treatment methods
Recommendation:
Must be specially treated adhering to official regulations.
Must not be disposed together with household garbage. Do not allow product to reach sewage system.
Hand over to officially registered waste disposal company.
Waste disposal according to official state regulations.
Uncleaned packaging:
Recommendation:
Empty contaminated packagings thoroughly. They may be recycled after thorough and proper cleaning.
Packagings that may not be cleansed are to be disposed of in the same manner as the product.
Disposal must be made according to official regulations.
SECTION 14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION
UN-Number
ADR, IMDG, IATA
UN3077
UN proper shipping name
ADR
3077 ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, SOLID, N.O.S. (cesium iodide, thallium iodide)
IMDG
ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, SOLID, N.O.S. (cesium iodide, thallium iodide), MARINE POLLUTANT
IATA
ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, SOLID, N.O.S. (cesium iodide, thallium iodide)
Transport hazard class(es)
ADR, IMDG, IATA
Class
9 Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles.
Label
9
Packing group
ADR, IMDG, IATA
III
Environmental hazards:
Product contains environmentally hazardous substances: caesium iodide
Marine pollutant:
Yes
Symbol (fish and tree)
Special marking (ADR):
Symbol (fish and tree)
Special marking (IATA):
Symbol (fish and tree)
Special precautions for user
Warning: Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles.
Danger code (Kemler):
90
EMS Number:
F-A,S-F
14.7. Transport in bulk according to Annex II of
MARPOL73/78 and the IBC Code
Not applicable.
Transport/Additional information:
ADR
Limited quantities (LQ)
5 kg
Transport category
3
Tunnel restriction code
E
UN "Model Regulation":
UN3077, ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, SOLID, N.O.S. (cesium iodide, thallium iodide), 9, III
SECTION 15. REGULATORY INFORMATION
Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture
EU-Regulations
Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH)
Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)
Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC
Directive 89/656/EEC
Labelling according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008: GHS label elements
National regulations:
Information about limitation of use:
Employment restrictions concerning juveniles must be observed.
Employment restrictions concerning pregnant and lactating women must be observed.
Employment restrictions concerning women of child-bearing age must be observed.
Other regulations, limitations and prohibitive regulations: National legislation has to be observed!
Chemical safety assessment: A Chemical Safety Assessment has not been carried out.
The cesium atom has a radius of 265 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 343 pm. Cesium is a member of the alkali group of 
Cesium's main commercial source is pollucite ore; however, it is also found in beryl, avogadrite, pezzottaite, and londonite. Cesium was discovered by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff in 1860 and first isolated by Carl Setterberg in 1882. In its elemental form, cesium has a silvery gold appearance. The word Cesium originates from the Latin word "caesius," meaning "sky blue," which refers to the vibrant blue lines in its spectrum.
Iodine forms compounds with many elements, but is less active than the other halogens. It dissolves readily in chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, or carbon disulfide. Iodine compounds are important in organic chemistry and very useful in the field of 
The number of electrons in each of thallium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3 and its electron configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1. The thallium atom has a radius of 170 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 196 pm. Thallium was discovered by Sir William Crookes in 1861 and first isolated by Claude-Auguste Lamy in 1862. Thallium is a post-transition metal that is not found free in nature. Thallium is primarily used for its electrical conductivity as thallium sulfide, which changes with exposure to infrared light. This ability makes the compound useful in photocells. 
Thallium bromide-iodide crystals have been used as 