See research below. American Elements specializes in producing high purity Nickel Zirconium Sputtering Targets with the highest possible density and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes nanoparticles. We also produce Nickel as rods, powder and plates. Other shapes are available by request.
Nickel is a Block D, Group 4, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Nickel's shells is 2, 8, 16, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar]3d8 4s2. In its elemental form nickel's CAS number is 7440-02-0. Nickel is sometimes found free in nature but is more commonly found in ores. The nickel atom has a radius of 149.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 163.pm. Nickel and its compounds are considered to be carcinogenic. Nickel carbonyl is a very toxic gas. It is extensively alloyed with iron, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and other metals produce stainless and other anti-corrosive steel and other corrosion-resistant alloys. It is highly electronically conductive and has many applications as a result. It is the basis of the nickel hydride battery. Most recently, its conductive properties have made it an ideal component for ceramic anode formulations used in oxygen generation and solid oxide fuel cell applications. Catalytic nickel is used to hydrogenate vegetable oils. Nickel additions to glass and ceramic glazes impart a bright green. It is also used in pigments for this purpose. Nickel information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included. Nickel was first discovered by Alex Constedt in 1751. The name originates from the German word 'kupfernickel' which means false copper from the illusory copper color of the ore. See Nickel research below.
Vanadium is a Block D, Group 5, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Vanadium's shells is 2, 8, 11, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d3 4s2. In its elemental form vanadium's CAS number is 7440-62-2. The vanadium atom has a radius of 131.1.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Several vanadium compounds are toxic to some creatures despite the fact that it is an essential trace element. Vanadium is highly resistant to corrosion, so it is commonly used to alloy stainless steel grades. Vanadium compounds are used in advanced ceramics. Vanadium is a petrochemical cracking catalyst. Vanadium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Vanadium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties , research , applications and other useful facts are discussed here . Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy , abundance on Earth , conductivity and thermal properties are included. Vanadium was first discovered in Mexico City by Andres Manuel del Rio, a Spanish born and European educated Mexican mineralogist, in 1801. In honor of its beautiful multi-colored compounds, Vanadium was named after the word "Vanadis" meaning goddess of beauty in Scandinavian mythology. See Vanadium research below.
Zirconium is a Block D, Group 4, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Zirconium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 10, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d2 5s2. In its elemental form zirconium's CAS number is 7440-67-7. The zirconium atom has a radius of 159.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Zirconium is non-toxic. Zirconium’s principal mineral is zircon (Zirconium Silicate) and is primarily used in its oxide or zirconia form. Zirconium dioxide has a high melting point (2,700° C) and a low thermal conductivity. Its polymorphism, however, restricts its widespread use in ceramic industry. During a heating process, zirconia will undergo a phase transformation process. The change in volume associated with this transformation makes the usage of pure zirconia in many applications impossible. Addition of some oxides, such as CaO, MgO, and Y2O3, into the zirconia structure in a certain degree results in a solid solution, which is a cubic form and has no phase transformation during heating and cooling. This solid solution material is termed as stabilized zirconia, a valuable refractory. Stabilized zirconia is used as a grinding media and engineering ceramics due to its increased hardness and high thermal shock resistivity. Stabilized zirconia is also used in applications such as oxygen sensors and solid oxide fuel cells due to its high oxygen ion conductivity.Zirconium was first discovered by William Gregor in 1791. The name Zirconium originated from the Persian word 'zargun' meaning gold color or gold-like. See Zirconium research below. Addition of some oxides, such as CaO, MgO, and Y2O3, into the zirconia structure in a certain degree results in a solid solution, which is a cubic form and has no phase transformation during heating and cooling. This solid solution material is termed as stabilized zirconia, a valuable refractory. Stabilized zirconia is used as a grinding media and engineering ceramics due to its increased hardness and high thermal shock resistivity. Stabilized zirconia is also used in applications such as oxygen sensors and solid oxide fuel cells due to its high oxygen ion conductivity.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Regioselective Cycloaddition of 3-Azetidinones and 3-Oxetanones with Alkynes through Nickel-Catalysed Carbon-Carbon Bond Activation.
Y T Ho K, Aïssa C.
Chemistry. 2012 Feb 22. doi: 10.1002/chem.201200167. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22359347
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The hydrogen evolution reaction in a room temperature ionic liquid: mechanism and electrocatalyst trends.
Meng Y, Aldous L, Belding SR, Compton RG.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2012 Feb 22. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22358388
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A cytosolic Ni(II) sensor in a cyanobacterium: Nickel-detection follows nickel-affinity across four families of metal-sensors.
Foster AW, Patterson CJ, Pernil R, Hess CR, Robinson NJ.
J Biol Chem. 2012 Feb 22. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22356910
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Incorporation of metal and color alteration of enamel in the presence of orthodontic appliances.
Gurgel Maia LH, de Lima Filho HL, Araújo MV, de Oliveira Ruellas AC, de Souza Araújo MT.
Angle Orthod. 2012 Feb 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22356704
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) Thiaethyneporphyrins. Intramolecular Metal(II)-?(2)-CC Interaction inside a Porphyrinoid Frame.
Nojman E, Berlicka A, Szterenberg L, Latos-Grazynski L.
Inorg Chem. 2012 Feb 22. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22356285
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
General preparation for Pt-based alloy nanoporous nanoparticles as potential nanocatalysts.
Wang D, Zhao P, Li Y.
Sci Rep. 2011;1:37. Epub 2011 Jul 14.
PMID:
22355556
[PubMed - in process]
Pentacoordinate Ni(II) Complexes: Preparation, Magnetic Measurements, and Ab Initio Calculations of the Magnetic Anisotropy Terms.
Costes JP, Maurice R, Vendier L.
Chemistry. 2012 Feb 22. doi: 10.1002/chem.201103641. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22354459
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
[Measurement of carbon dioxide in emergency medicine].
Timmermann A, Brokmann JC, Fitzka R, Nickel EA.
Anaesthesist. 2012 Feb;61(2):148-55. German.
PMID:
22354403
[PubMed - in process]
[Care Counselling - The Client's Expectations.]
Nickel W, Hanns S, Brähler E, Born A.
Gesundheitswesen. 2012 Feb 21. [Epub ahead of print] German.
PMID:
22354362
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Community-based partnered research: new directions in mental health services research.
Alegría M, Wong Y, Mulvaney-Day N, Nillni A, Proctor E, Nickel M, Jones L, Green B, Koegel P, Wright A, Wells KB.
Ethn Dis. 2011 Summer;21(3 Suppl 1):S1-8-16.
PMID:
22352075
[PubMed - in process]
Inverse Suspension Polymerization as a New Tool for the Synthesis of Ion-Imprinted Polymers.
Meouche W, Branger C, Beurroies I, Denoyel R, Margaillan A.
Macromol Rapid Commun. 2012 Feb 21. doi: 10.1002/marc.201200039. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22351426
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Isolation and characterization of Bacillus cereus IST105 from electroplating effluent for detoxification of hexavalent chromium.
Naik UC, Srivastava S, Thakur IS.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2012 Feb 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22351260
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Production of a his-tagged canecystatin in transgenic sugarcane.
Henrique-Silva F, Soares-Costa A.
Methods Mol Biol. 2012;847:437-50.
PMID:
22351027
[PubMed - in process]
Seasonal variation in heavy metal contamination in water and sediments of river Sabarmati and Kharicut canal at Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
Kumar RN, Solanki R, Kumar JI.
Environ Monit Assess. 2012 Feb 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22350445
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Dakin-West reaction on 1-thyminyl acetic acid for the synthesis of 1,3-bis(1-thyminyl)-2-propanone, a heteroaromatic compound with nucleopeptide-binding properties.
Roviello GN, Roviello G, Musumeci D, Bucci EM, Pedone C.
Amino Acids. 2012 Feb 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22349760
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The chain structure of [Ni(C(4)H(2)O(4))(C(12)H(8)N(2))(H(2)O)](n) with different types of fumarate bridging.
Uhrinová A, Kuchár J, Cernák J.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2012 Feb 1;68(Pt 2):m92-3. Epub 2012 Jan 7.
PMID:
22346891
[PubMed - in process]
trans-Tetra-aqua-bis-(isonicotinamide-?N)nickel(II) bis-(3-hy-droxy-benzoate) tetra-hydrate.
Zaman IG, Caylak Delibas N, Necefoglu H, Hökelek T.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2012 Feb 1;68(Pt 2):m200-1. Epub 2012 Jan 21.
PMID:
22346867
[PubMed - in process]
{4,4',6,6'-Tetra-chloro-2,2'-[2,2-dimethyl-propane-1,3-diylbis(nitrilo-methanylyl-idene)]}nickel(II).
Kargar H, Kia R, Abbasian S, Tahir MN.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2012 Feb 1;68(Pt 2):m193. Epub 2012 Jan 21.
PMID:
22346862
[PubMed - in process]
trans-Tetra-kis(1-allyl-1H-imidazole-?N)bis-(thio-cyanato-?N)nickel(II).
Zheng SM, Jin YL.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2012 Feb 1;68(Pt 2):m188-9. Epub 2012 Jan 21.
PMID:
22346859
[PubMed - in process]
Poly[aqua-[?(3)-4-carb-oxy-2-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxyl-ato-?N,O:N,O:N]nickel(II)].
Jing XM, Gong SZ, Xiao LW.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2012 Feb 1;68(Pt 2):m187. Epub 2012 Jan 21.
PMID:
22346858
[PubMed - in process]
Distorted cubic tetranuclear vanadium(iv) phosphonate cages: double-four-ring (D4R) containing transition metal ion phosphonate cages.
Chandrasekhar V, Dey A, Senapati T, Sañudo EC.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Nov 10. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22071886
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Bioavailability, tissue distribution and hypoglycaemic effect of vanadium in magnesium-deficient rats.
Sánchez C, Torres M, Bermúdez-Peña MC, Aranda P, Montes-Bayón M, Sanz-Medel A, Llopis J.
Magnes Res. 2011 Nov 9. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22068015
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
An alternative path for the evolution of biological nitrogen fixation.
Boyd ES, Hamilton TL, Peters JW.
Front Microbiol. 2011;2:205. Epub 2011 Oct 5.
PMID:
22065963
[PubMed]
(4-Bromo-2-{[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl-imino]-meth-yl}phenolato)dioxido-vanadium(V).
Wang CY, Wu X, Cao F, Yuan CJ.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Oct 1;67(Pt 10):m1330. Epub 2011 Sep 14.
PMID:
22065600
[PubMed]
A new mixed group 5 metal selenide, Nb(1.41)V(0.59)Se(9).
Lee E, Yun H.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Sep 1;67(Pt 9):i50. Epub 2011 Aug 27.
PMID:
22064790
[PubMed]
Catalytic dehydration of xylose to furfural: vanadyl pyrophosphate as source of active soluble species.
Sádaba I, Lima S, Valente AA, López Granados M.
Carbohydr Res. 2011 Oct 8. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22055820
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Chemical speciation of vanadium in particulate matter emitted from diesel vehicles and urban atmospheric aerosols.
Shafer MM, Toner B, Overdier J, Schauer JJ, Fakra SC, Herner J, Hu S, Ayala A.
Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Nov 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22050708
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis of Tunable Unsubstituted Polythiophene.
Nejati S, Lau KK.
Langmuir. 2011 Nov 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22047472
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
VCl(3) catalyzed imine-based multicomponent reactions for the facile access of functionalized tetrahydropyridines and ß-amino carbonyls.
Pal S, Choudhury LH, Parvin T.
Mol Divers. 2011 Nov 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22042610
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Interplay between the structural and magnetic probes in the elucidation of the structure of a novel 2D layered [V(4)O(4)(OH)(2)(O(2)CC(6)H(4)CO(2))(4)]·DMF.
Djerdj I, Skapin SD, Ceh M, Jaglicic Z, Pajic D, Kozlevcar B, Orel B, Orel ZC.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Oct 31. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22042096
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Interdigitating Organic Bilayers Direct the Short Interlayer Spacing in Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Layered Vanadium Oxide Nanostructures.
Gannon GT, O'Dwyer CP, Larsson JA, Thompson D.
J Phys Chem B. 2011 Oct 31. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22040010
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Hepatic megalocytosis due to vanadium inhalation: participation of oxidative stress.
Cano-Gutiérrez G, Acevedo-Nava S, Santamaría A, Altamirano-Lozano M, Cano-Rodríguez MC, Fortoul TI.
Toxicol Ind Health. 2011 Oct 27. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22033424
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Recent perspectives into biochemistry of decavanadate.
Aureliano M, Fct, Algarve UO, Gambelas, Faro 8, Portugal.
World J Biol Chem. 2011 Oct 26;2(10):215-225.
PMID:
22031844
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Association between plate location and plate removal following facial fracture repair.
Kubota Y, Kuroki T, Akita S, Koizumi T, Hasegawa M, Rikihisa N, Mitsukawa N, Satoh K.
J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011 Oct 24. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22030077
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Vanadium Oxide Nanotube Spherical Clusters Prepared on Carbon Fabrics for Energy Storage Applications.
Perera SD, Patel B, Bonso J, Grunewald M, Ferraris JP, Balkus KJ.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2011 Nov 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22029527
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Exchange Interactions Through p-p Stacking in the Lamellar Compound [{Cu(bipy)(en)}{Cu(bipy)(H(2)O)}{VO(3)}(4)](n).
Venegas-Yazigi D, Brown KA, Vega A, Calvo R, Aliaga C, Santana RC, Cardoso-Gil R, Kniep R, Schnelle W, Spodine E.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22026723
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
MCM-41 supported oxo-vanadium(IV) complex: A highly selective heterogeneous catalyst for bromination of hydroxy aromatic compounds in water.
Bhunia S, Saha D, Koner S.
Langmuir. 2011 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22026477
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Electronic Properties of Vanadium-Doped TiO(2).
Islam MM, Bredow T, Gerson A.
Chemphyschem. 2011 Oct 24. doi: 10.1002/cphc.201100557. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22025455
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Design and Redox Function of Conjugated Complexes with Polyanilines or Quinonediimines.
Moriuchi T, Hirao T.
Acc Chem Res. 2011 Oct 24. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22023138
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The Tetrahydrometalate Species VH2(H2), NbH4, and TaH4: Matrix Infrared Spectra and Quantum Chemical Calculations.
Wang X, Andrews L.
J Phys Chem A. 2011 Oct 24. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22017260
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Laser ultrasonics detection of an embedded crack in a composite spherical particle.
Amziane A, Amari M, Mounier D, Breteau JM, Joly N, Banchet J, Tisseur D, Gusev V.
Ultrasonics. 2011 Jun 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21757213
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Trichlorido(tetra-hydro-furan){(1,2,3,3a,7a-?)-1-[2-(1-trimethyl-silyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl-?N)-1-methyl-prop-yl]inden-yl}zirconium(IV).
Guan S, Nie W, Borzov MV.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 May 1;67(Pt 5):m540-1. Epub 2011 Apr 7.
PMID:
21754279
[PubMed]
cyclo-Tri-?-oxido-tris-{[(?,?)-1,2-bis-(cyclo-penta-dien-yl)-1,1,2,2-tetra-methyl-disilane]zirconium(IV)}: a trimeric disila-bridged oxidozirconocene.
Arnold T, Braunschweig H, Gruss K.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Apr 1;67(Pt 4):m391. Epub 2011 Mar 2.
PMID:
21753927
[PubMed]
Spectral and fluorescent kinetics features of Nd(3+) ion in Nb(2)O(5), Ta(2)O(5) and La(2)O(3) mixed lithium zirconium silicate glasses.
Srikumar T, Brik MG, Srinivasa Rao C, Gandhi Y, Krishna Rao D, Ravi Kumar V, Veeraiah N.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2011 Jun 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21752699
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Tailor-made three-dimensional hybrid scaffolds for cell cultures.
Psycharakis S, Tosca A, Melissinaki V, Giakoumaki A, Ranella A.
Biomed Mater. 2011 Jul 8;6(4):045008. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21743121
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
MRI analysis of the component-bone interface after TKA.
Heyse TJ, Chong LR, Davis J, Boettner F, Haas SB, Potter HG.
Knee. 2011 Jul 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21741843
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Ionothermal Synthesis and Structure Analysis of an Open-Framework Zirconium Phosphate with a High CO(2) /CH(4) Adsorption Ratio.
Liu L, Yang J, Li J, Dong J, Sisak D, Luzzatto M, McCusker LB.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 Jul 7. doi: 10.1002/anie.201102738. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
21739548
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Development of nanoscale inhomogeneities during drying of sol-gel derived amorphous lead zirconate titanate precursor thin films.
Stawski TM, Veldhuis SA, Castricum HL, Keim EG, Eeckhaut G, Bras W, Blank DH, Ten Elshof JE.
Langmuir. 2011 Jul 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21736322
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Polarization controlled kinetics and composition of trivalent chromium coatings on aluminum.
Dardona S, Chen L, Kryzman M, Goberman D, Jaworowski M.
Anal Chem. 2011 Jul 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21726081
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Intermolecular hydroamination of oxygen-substituted allenes. New routes for the synthesis of N,O-chelated zirconium and titanium amido complexes.
Ayinla RO, Schafer LL.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Jul 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21725526
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Human biokinetic data and a new compartmental model of zirconium - A tracer study with enriched stable isotopes.
Greiter MB, Giussani A, Höllriegl V, Li WB, Oeh U.
Sci Total Environ. 2011 Jul 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21724239
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Enhanced trace phosphate removal from water by zirconium(IV) loaded fibrous adsorbent.
Awual MR, Jyo A, Ihara T, Seko N, Tamada M, Lim KT.
Water Res. 2011 Jun 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21724222
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
In vivo comparative biokinetics and biocompatibility of titanium and zirconium microparticles.
Olmedo DG, Tasat DR, Evelson P, Rebagliatti R, Guglielmotti MB, Cabrini RL.
J Biomed Mater Res A. 2011 Jun 30. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.33145. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21721117
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Delayed fracture of a zirconium head after total hip arthroplasty.
Samaras D, Dimitroulias A, Varitimidis SE, Malizos KN.
Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2011 Feb;40(2):E14-6.
PMID:
21720598
[PubMed - in process]
Probing the Dynamics of CO(2) and CH(4) within the Porous Zirconium Terephthalate UiO-66(Zr): A Synergic Combination of Neutron Scattering Measurements and Molecular Simulations.
Yang Q, Jobic H, Salles F, Kolokolov D, Guillerm V, Serre C, Maurin G.
Chemistry. 2011 Jun 28. doi: 10.1002/chem.201003596. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21714013
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Ionic liquid-templated preparation of mesoporous silica embedded with nanocrystalline sulfated zirconia.
Ward AJ, Pujari AA, Costanzo L, Masters AF, Maschmeyer T.
Nanoscale Res Lett. 2011 Mar 2;6(1):192.
PMID:
21711725
[PubMed - in process]
Postsynthetic Modification of a Metal-Organic Framework for Stabilization of a Hemiaminal and Ammonia Uptake.
Morris W, Doonan CJ, Yaghi OM.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Jun 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21711030
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A pilot study to evaluate the success and survival rate of titanium-zirconium implants in partially edentulous patients: results after 24 months of follow-up.
Barter S, Stone P, Brägger U.
Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011 Jun 24. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02231.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21707752
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Non-chromatographic screening procedure for arsenic speciation analysis in fish-based baby foods by using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.
López-García I, Briceño M, Hernández-Córdoba M.
Anal Chim Acta. 2011 Aug 5;699(1):11-7. Epub 2011 May 11.
PMID:
21704752
[PubMed - in process]
Studies on the removal of arsenic (III) from water by a novel hybrid material.
Mandal S, Padhi T, Patel RK.
J Hazard Mater. 2011 Jun 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21704456
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Proud sponsors of Aeromat 2012. Please join us and our customers & co-sponsors Boeing and ATI on
June 18-20, 2012
in Charlotte, North Carolina
and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes nanoparticles. We also produce Nickel as rods, powder and plates. Other shapes are available by request. 
Nickel is a Block D, Group 4, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Nickel's shells is 2, 8, 16, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar]3d8 4s2. In its elemental form nickel's CAS number is 7440-02-0. Nickel is sometimes found free in nature but is more commonly found in ores. The nickel atom has a radius of 149.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 163.pm. Nickel and its compounds are considered to be carcinogenic. Nickel carbonyl is a very toxic gas. It is extensively alloyed with iron, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and other metals produce stainless and other anti-corrosive steel and other corrosion-resistant alloys. It is highly electronically conductive and has many applications as a result. It is the basis of the nickel hydride battery. Most recently, its 
conductive properties have 
made it an ideal component for ceramic anode formulations used in oxygen generation and solid oxide fuel cell applications. Catalytic nickel is used to hydrogenate vegetable oils. Nickel additions to glass and ceramic glazes impart a bright green. It is also used in pigments for this purpose. Nickel information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included. Nickel was first discovered by Alex Constedt in 1751. The name originates from the German word 'kupfernickel' which means false copper from the illusory copper color of the ore. See Nickel research below.
Vanadium is a Block D, Group 5, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Vanadium's shells is 2, 8, 11, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d3 4s2. In its elemental form vanadium's CAS number is 7440-62-2. The vanadium atom has a radius of 131.1.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Several vanadium compounds are toxic to some creatures despite the fact that it is an essential trace element. Vanadium is highly resistant to corrosion, so it is commonly used to alloy stainless steel grades. Vanadium compounds are used in advanced ceramics. Vanadium is a petrochemical cracking catalyst. Vanadium is 
available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Vanadium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties , research , applications and
other useful facts are discussed here . Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy , abundance on Earth , conductivity and thermal properties are included. Vanadium was first discovered in Mexico City by Andres Manuel del Rio, a Spanish born and European educated Mexican mineralogist, in 1801. In honor of its beautiful multi-colored compounds, Vanadium was named after the word "Vanadis" meaning goddess of beauty in Scandinavian mythology. See Vanadium research below. 
Zirconium is a Block D, Group 4, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Zirconium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 10, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d2 5s2. In its elemental form zirconium's CAS number is 7440-67-7. The zirconium atom has a radius of 159.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Zirconium is non-toxic. Zirconium’s principal mineral is zircon (Zirconium Silicate) and is primarily used in its oxide or zirconia form. Zirconium dioxide has a high melting point (2,700° C) and a low thermal conductivity. Its polymorphism, however, restricts its widespread use in ceramic industry. During a heating process, zirconia will undergo a phase transformation process. The change
in volume associated with this transformation makes the usage of pure zirconia in many applications impossible. Addition of some oxides, such as CaO, MgO, and Y2O3, into the zirconia structure in a 
certain degree results in a solid solution, which is a cubic form and has no phase transformation during heating and cooling. This solid solution material is termed as stabilized zirconia, a valuable refractory. Stabilized zirconia is used as a grinding media and engineering ceramics due to its increased hardness and high thermal shock resistivity. Stabilized zirconia is also used in applications such as oxygen sensors and solid oxide fuel cells due to its high oxygen ion conductivity.Zirconium was first discovered by William Gregor in 1791. The name Zirconium originated from the Persian word 'zargun' meaning gold color or gold-like. See Zirconium research below. Addition of some oxides, such as CaO, MgO, and Y2O3, into the zirconia structure in a certain degree results in a solid solution, which is a cubic form and has no phase transformation during heating and cooling. This solid solution material is termed as stabilized zirconia, a valuable refractory. Stabilized zirconia is used as a grinding media and engineering ceramics due to its increased hardness and high thermal shock resistivity. Stabilized zirconia is also used in applications such as oxygen sensors and solid oxide fuel cells due to its high oxygen ion conductivity.
