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Rhodium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
Rhodium is a member of the platinum group of metals. It has a higher melting point than platinum, but a lower density. It is alloyed with platinum and palladium in electrodes for spark plugs, advanced laboratory equipment and in thermocouples. Rhodium compounds also have catalytic uses in automotive catalytic converters. Rhodium is used as a plating metal in jewelry production to enhance the whiteness of white gold. Rhodium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Rhodium facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are
Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Rhodium is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries. Rhodium is a Block D, Group 9, Period 5 element. The electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d8 5s1. In its elemental form rhodium's CAS number is 7440-16-6. The rhodium atom has a radius of 134.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm.All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology advantages. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic Rhodium compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis. Rhodium was first discovered by William Wollaston in 1803.
Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of rhodium and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope. |
Rhodium
Rhodium
Rodio 
Ródio 
Rodio 
Rhodium
Isotope |
Atomic Mass |
% Abundance on Earth |
Rh-103 |
102.905504 |
100 |
Safety Data. The safety data for rhodium metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin.
Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for rhodium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table: |
1st Ionization Energy |
719.68 kJ mol-1 |
2nd Ionization Energy |
1744.47 kJ mol-1 |
3rd Ionization Energy |
2996.86 kJ mol-1 |
Conductivity. As to rhodium's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured as to electrical resistivity @ 20 ŗC is 4.51 μΩcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 2.28. The thermal conductivity of rhodium is 150 W m-1 K-1.
Thermal Properties. The melting point and boiling point for rhodium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization. |
Heat of Fusion |
21.55 kJ mol-1 |
Heat of Vaporization |
494.34 kJ mol-1 |
Heat of Atomization |
555.59 kJ mol-1 |
| Formula | Atomic Number | Molecular Weight | Electronegativity (Pauling) | Density | Melting Point | Boiling Point |
Vanderwaals radius |
Ionic radius | Energy of first ionization |
| Rh | 45 | 102.91 g.mol -1 | 2.2 | 12.4 g.cm-3 at 20 °C | 1970 °C | 3727 °C | 200.pm | unknown | 719.68 kJ.mol-1 |
| PRODUCT CATALOG | U.S. Operations | Submicron & Nanopowder | Tolling | Ultra High Purity | Sputtering Target | Crystal Growth | Rod, Plate, Powder, etc. | Foil |
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