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Ruthenium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
Ruthenium is member of the platinum group of metals. It is one of the most effective hardeners for platinum and palladium , and is alloyed with these metals to make electrical contacts for severe wear resistanant electronics and laboratory equipment. The corrosion resistance of titanium is improved a hundredfold by addition of 0.1% ruthenium. It is also a versatile catalyst. Hydrogen sulfide can be split catalytically by light using an aqueous suspension of cadmium sulfide particles loaded with ruthenium dioxide. It is also believed to have pharmacological applications. Ruthenium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Ruthenium facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are
Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Ruthenium is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries. Ruthenium is a Block D, Group 8, Period 5 element. The electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d7 5s1. In its elemental form ruthenium's CAS number is 7440-18-8. The ruthenium atom has a radius of 132.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm.All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology advantages. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic Ruthenium compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis. Ruthenium was first discovered by Karl Klaus in 1844.
the abundance of ruthenium and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope. |
ruthénium
Ruthenium
rutenio
Rutênio
rutenio
Rutenium Isotope |
Atomic Mass |
% Abundance on Earth |
Ru-96 |
95.907598 |
5.52 |
Ru-98 |
97.905287 |
1.88 |
Ru-99 |
98.905939 |
12.7 |
Ru-100 |
99.904220 |
12.6 |
Ru-101 |
100.905582 |
17.0 |
Ru-102 |
101.904350 |
31.6 |
Ru-104 |
103.905430 |
18.7 |
Safety Data. The safety data for ruthenium metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin.
Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for ruthenium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table: |
1st Ionization Energy |
710.19 kJ mol-1 |
2nd Ionization Energy |
1617.11 kJ mol-1 |
3rd Ionization Energy |
2746.96 kJ mol-1 |
Conductivity. As to ruthenium's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured as to electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 7.6 μΩcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 2.2. The thermal conductivity of ruthenium is 117 W m-1 K-1.
Thermal Properties. The melting point and boiling point for ruthenium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization. |
Heat of Fusion |
23.7 kJ mol-1 |
Heat of Vaporization |
567 kJ mol-1 |
Heat of Atomization |
641.031 kJ mol-1 |
| Formula | Atomic Number | Molecular Weight | Electronegativity (Pauling) | Density | Melting Point | Boiling Point |
Vanderwaals radius |
Ionic radius | Energy of first ionization |
| Ru | 44 | 101.1 g.mol -1 | 2.2 | 12.2 g.cm-3 at 20 °C | 2250 °C | 4150 °C | 200.pm | unknown | 710.19 kJ.mol-1 |
| PRODUCT CATALOG | U.S. Operations | Submicron & Nanopowder | Tolling | Ultra High Purity | Sputtering Target | Crystal Growth | Rod, Plate, Powder, etc. | Foil |
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