Zirconium Boride is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Zirconium is a Block D, Group 4, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Zirconium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 10, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d2 5s2. In its elemental form zirconium's CAS number is 7440-67-7. The zirconium atom has a radius of 159.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Zirconium is non-toxic. Zirconium’s principal mineral is zircon (Zirconium Silicate) and is primarily used in its oxide or zirconia form. Zirconium dioxide has a high melting point (2,700° C) and a low thermal conductivity. Its polymorphism, however, restricts its widespread use in ceramic industry. During a heating process, zirconia will undergo a phase transformation process. The change in volume associated with this transformation makes the usage of pure zirconia in many applications impossible. Addition of some oxides, such as CaO, MgO, and Y2O3, into the zirconia structure in a certain degree results in a solid solution, which is a cubic form and has no phase transformation during heating and cooling. This solid solution material is termed as stabilized zirconia, a valuable refractory. Stabilized zirconia is used as a grinding media and engineering ceramics due to its increased hardness and high thermal shock resistivity. Stabilized zirconia is also used in applications such as oxygen sensors and solid oxide fuel cells due to its high oxygen ion conductivity.Zirconium was first discovered by William Gregor in 1791. The name Zirconium originated from the Persian word 'zargun' meaning gold color or gold-like. See Zirconium research below.
Boron is a Block P, Group 13, Period 2 element. The number of electrons in each of Boron's shells is 2, 3 and its electronic configuration is [He] 2s2 2p1. In its elemental form boron's CAS number is 7440-42-8. The boron atom has a radius of 79.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Boron is not toxic. Boron has an energy band gap of 1.50 to 1.56 eV, which is higher than that of either silicon or germanium. Optical characteristics include transmitting portions of the infrared. Boron is a poor conductor of electricity at room temperature but a good conductor at high temperature. Boron in its elemental form is not toxic. Amorphous boron is used in pyrotechnic flares to provide a distinctive green color, and in rockets as an igniter Boric acid is also an important boron compound with major markets in textile products. Boron compounds are also extensively used in the manufacture of borosilicate glasses. The isotope Boron-10 is used as a control for nuclear reactors, as a shield for nuclear radiation, and in instruments used for detecting neutrons. Boron nitride has remarkable properties and can be used to make a material as hard as diamond. The nitride also behaves like an electrical insulator but conducts heat like a metal. Boron also has lubricating properties similar to graphite. Boron was first discovered by Sir Humphry Davy and J.L Gay-Lussac in 1808. The name Boron originates from a combination of carbon and the Arabic word 'buraqu meaning borax. See Boron research below.
Borides are all hard, high-melting materials with metal-like conductivity. They are stable to nonoxidizing acids but break down in strong oxidizing agents and strong alkalis. Borides are used in semiconductors, superconductors, diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, anti-ferromagnetic, turbine blades, and rocket nozzles. Boride have recently been discovered to be superconductive and the ultra-incompressible.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Elution behavior of polyethylene and polypropylene standards on carbon sorbents.
Chitta R, Macko T, Brüll R, Kalies G.
J Chromatogr A. 2010 Oct 14. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21035809 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Effect of Cyclic Impact Load on Shear Bond Strength of Zirconium Dioxide Ceramics.
Kawai N, Shinya A, Yokoyama D, Gomi H, Shinya A.
J Adhes Dent. 2010 Sep 28. doi: 10.3290/j.jad.a19471. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20978648 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Differences in metal ion release following cobalt-chromium and oxidized zirconium total knee arthroplasty.
Garrett S, Jacobs N, Yates P, Smith A, Wood D.
Acta Orthop Belg. 2010 Aug;76(4):513-20.PMID: 20973359 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
DNA binding studies of new valine derived chiral complexes of tin(IV) and zirconium(IV).
Arjmand F, Jamsheera A.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2010 Jun 12. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20965776 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Influence of counter-ions on the self-assembly of ZrO(2) nanodisks.
Ji H, Liu X, Wang X, Yao X.
J Colloid Interface Sci. 2011 Jan 15;353(2):356-62. Epub 2010 Oct 16.PMID: 20951993 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
The interaction of osteoblasts with bone-implant materials: 1. the effect of physico-chemical surface properties of implant materials.
Kubies D, Himmlová L, Riedel T, Tresohlavá E, Balík K, Douderová M, Bártová J, Pesáková V.
Physiol Res. 2010 Oct 15. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20945966 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Free ArticleRelated citations
Fracture resistance of endodontically-treated teeth: effect of combination bleaching and an antioxidant.
Khoroushi M, Feiz A, Khodamoradi R.
Oper Dent. 2010 Sep-Oct;35(5):530-7.PMID: 20945744 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Mechanism of catalytic cyclohydroamination by zirconium salicyloxazoline complexes.
Allan LE, Clarkson GJ, Fox DJ, Gott AL, Scott P.
J Am Chem Soc. 2010 Nov 3;132(43):15308-20.PMID: 20939579 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Antibacterial properties of nine pure metals: a laboratory study using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
Yasuyuki M, Kunihiro K, Kurissery S, Kanavillil N, Sato Y, Kikuchi Y.
Biofouling. 2010 Oct;26(7):851-8.PMID: 20938849 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
One-Pot Preparation and Uranyl Adsorption Properties of Hierarchically Porous Zirconium Titanium Oxide Beads using Phase Separation Processes to Vary Macropore Morphology.
Drisko GL, Chee Kimling M, Scales N, Ide A, Sizgek E, Caruso RA, Luca V.
Langmuir. 2010 Nov 16;26(22):17581-8. Epub 2010 Oct 11.PMID: 20936801 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Renewable high-octane gasoline by aqueous-phase hydrodeoxygenation of C5 and C6 carbohydrates over Pt/Zirconium phosphate catalysts.
Li N, Tompsett GA, Huber GW.
ChemSusChem. 2010 Oct 25;3(10):1154-7. No abstract available. PMID: 20936668 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Can the method of fixation influence the wear behaviour of ZrN coated unicompartmental mobile knee prostheses?
Affatato S, Spinelli M, Lopomo N, Grupp TM, Marcacci M, Toni A.
Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2010 Oct 7. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20934240 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Measurement of dissolved reactive phosphorus using the diffusive gradients in thin films technique with a high-capacity binding phase.
Ding S, Xu D, Sun Q, Yin H, Zhang C.
Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Nov 1;44(21):8169-74.PMID: 20886846 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Raman microspectroscopy of organic inclusions in spodumenes from Nilaw (Nuristan, Afghanistan).
Weselucha-Birczynska A, Slowakiewicz M, Natkaniec-Nowak L, Proniewicz LM.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2010 Sep 28. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20884283 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Effect of thermocycling on the bond strength between dual-cured resin cements and zirconium-oxide ceramics.
D'Amario M, Campidoglio M, Morresi AL, Luciani L, Marchetti E, Baldi M.
J Oral Sci. 2010;52(3):425-30.PMID: 20881336 [PubMed - in process]Free ArticleRelated citations
Surface damages of zirconia by Nd:YAG dental laser irradiation.
Noda M, Okuda Y, Tsuruki J, Minesaki Y, Takenouchi Y, Ban S.
Dent Mater J. 2010 Oct 14;29(5):536-41. Epub 2010 Sep 18.PMID: 20877130 [PubMed - in process]Free ArticleRelated citations
Conjunctive and compromised data fusion schemes for identification of multiple notches in an aluminium plate using Lamb wave signals.
Lu Y, Ye L, Wang D, Wang X, Su Z.
IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2010 Sep;57(9):2005-16.PMID: 20875990 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
A new smile for Judy: a multimaterial approach.
Nash RW.
Dent Today. 2010 Aug;29(8):92, 94. No abstract available. PMID: 20873651 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Matched-pair total knee arthroplasty retrieval analysis: Oxidized zirconium vs. CoCrMo.
Heyse TJ, Chen DX, Kelly N, Boettner F, Wright TM, Haas SB.
Knee. 2010 Sep 22. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20869251 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Surface modification of chromatography adsorbents by low temperature low pressure plasma.
Arpanaei A, Winther-Jensen B, Theodosiou E, Kingshott P, Hobley TJ, Thomas OR.
J Chromatogr A. 2010 Oct 29;1217(44):6905-16. Epub 2010 Sep 23.PMID: 20869062 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Recent Research & Development for Boride
Effects of heat treatment on evolution of microstructure of boron free and boron containing biomedical Ti-13Zr-13Nb alloys.
Majumdar P.
Micron. 2012 Mar 8. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22459252
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Boron oxynitride nanoclusters on tungsten trioxide as a metal-free cocatalyst for photocatalytic oxygen evolution from water splitting.
Xie YP, Liu G, Lu GQ, Cheng HM.
Nanoscale. 2012 Feb 21;4(4):1267-70. Epub 2012 Jan 13.
PMID:
22241455
[PubMed - in process]
Effect of the disinfection agents chlorine, UV irradiation, silver ions, and TiO2 nanoparticles/near-UV on DNA molecules.
Van Aken B, Lin LS.
Water Sci Technol. 2011;64(6):1226-32.
PMID:
22214074
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Crystal structure refinement and bonding patterns of CrB4: a boron-rich boride with a framework of tetrahedrally coordinated B atoms.
Knappschneider A, Litterscheid C, Kurzman J, Seshadri R, Albert B.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Nov 7;50(21):10540-2. Epub 2011 Oct 10.
PMID:
21985336
[PubMed]
Tailored materials for high-performance MgB(2) wire.
Kim JH, Oh S, Kumakura H, Matsumoto A, Heo YU, Song KS, Kang YM, Maeda M, Rindfleisch M, Tomsic M, Choi S, Dou SX.
Adv Mater. 2011 Nov 9;23(42):4942-6. doi: 10.1002/adma.201101243. Epub 2011 Sep 28. No abstract available.
PMID:
21956864
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Synthesis, characterization, and electronic structure of new type of heterometallic boride clusters.
Bose SK, Geetharani K, Sahoo S, Reddy KH, Varghese B, Jemmis ED, Ghosh S.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Oct 3;50(19):9414-22. Epub 2011 Aug 29.
PMID:
21875060
[PubMed]
Scaffolding, ladders, chains, and rare ferrimagnetism in intermetallic borides: synthesis, crystal chemistry and magnetism.
Goerens C, Brgoch J, Miller GJ, Fokwa BP.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Jul 4;50(13):6289-96. Epub 2011 Jun 2.
PMID:
21634389
[PubMed]
Wet-chemical synthesis of nanoscale iron boride, XAFS analysis and crystallisation to a-FeB.
Rades S, Kornowski A, Weller H, Albert B.
Chemphyschem. 2011 Jun 20;12(9):1756-60. doi: 10.1002/cphc.201001072. Epub 2011 May 12.
PMID:
21567704
[PubMed]
Nickel bis-muth boride, Ni(23-x)Bi(x)B(6) [x = 2.44 (1)].
Berthebaud D, Sato A, Mori T.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Jan 15;67(Pt 2):i17.
PMID:
21522814
[PubMed]
Thermal and stress studies of normal incidence Mo/B4C multilayers for a 6.7 nm wavelength.
Barthelmess M, Bajt S.
Appl Opt. 2011 Apr 10;50(11):1610-9. doi: 10.1364/AO.50.001610.
PMID:
21478937
[PubMed]
New nickel gallium boride, B14Ga3Ni27: synthesis and crystal structure.
Tillard M, Belin C.
Inorg Chem. 2011 May 2;50(9):3907-12. Epub 2011 Apr 6.
PMID:
21469649
[PubMed]
A general solution route toward metal boride nanocrystals.
Portehault D, Devi S, Beaunier P, Gervais C, Giordano C, Sanchez C, Antonietti M.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 Mar 28;50(14):3262-5. doi: 10.1002/anie.201006810. Epub 2011 Feb 25. No abstract available.
PMID:
21432954
[PubMed]
Complete titanium substitution by boron in a tetragonal prism: exploring the complex boride series Ti(3-x)Ru(5-y)Ir(y)B(2+x) (0 = x = 1 and 1 < y < 3) by experiment and theory.
Fokwa BP, Hermus M.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Apr 18;50(8):3332-41. Epub 2011 Mar 23.
PMID:
21428308
[PubMed - in process]
Two-dimensional intrinsic ferromagnetism at nitride-boride interfaces.
Gohda Y, Tsuneyuki S.
Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Jan 28;106(4):047201. Epub 2011 Jan 25.
PMID:
21405354
[PubMed]
A General Solution Route toward Metal Boride Nanocrystals.
Portehault D, Devi S, Beaunier P, Gervais C, Giordano C, Sanchez C, Antonietti M.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 Mar 7. doi: 10.1002/anie.201101207. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
21384481
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
LiB(12) PC, the First Boron-Rich Metal Boride with Phosphorus-Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Hardness, Spectroscopic Investigations.
Vojteer N, Sagawe V, Stauffer J, Schroeder M, Hillebrecht H.
Chemistry. 2011 Feb 9. doi: 10.1002/chem.201002968. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21308812
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effects of laser pulsing on analysis of steels by atom probe tomography.
Liu F, Andrén HO.
Ultramicroscopy. 2011 May;111(6):633-41. Epub 2010 Dec 19.
PMID:
21239116
[PubMed]
Binary boron-rich borides of magnesium: single-crystal investigations and properties of MgB(7) and the new boride Mg(~5)B(44).
Pediaditakis A, Schroeder M, Sagawe V, Ludwig T, Hillebrecht H.
Inorg Chem. 2010 Dec 6;49(23):10882-93. Epub 2010 Nov 2.
PMID:
21043472
[PubMed]
A photoelectrochemical immunosensor based on Au-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays for the detection of a-synuclein.
An Y, Tang L, Jiang X, Chen H, Yang M, Jin L, Zhang S, Wang C, Zhang W.
Chemistry. 2010 Dec 27;16(48):14439-46.
PMID:
21038326
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Study on boron-film thermal neutron converter prepared by pulsed laser deposition.
Song ZF, Ye SZ, Chen ZY, Song L, Shen J.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2011 Feb;69(2):443-7. Epub 2010 Sep 25.
PMID:
20951052
[PubMed]
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Zirconium Boride is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European 
Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Zirconium is a Block D, Group 4, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Zirconium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 10, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d2 5s2. In its elemental form zirconium's CAS number is 7440-67-7. The zirconium atom has a radius of 159.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Zirconium is non-toxic. Zirconium’s principal mineral is zircon (Zirconium Silicate) and is primarily used in its oxide or zirconia form. Zirconium dioxide has a high melting point (2,700° C) and a low thermal conductivity. Its polymorphism, however, restricts its widespread use in ceramic industry. During a heating process, zirconia will undergo a phase transformation process. The change
in volume associated with this transformation makes the usage of pure zirconia in many applications impossible. Addition of some oxides, such as CaO, MgO, and Y2O3, into the zirconia structure in a 
certain degree results in a solid solution, which is a cubic form and has no phase transformation during heating and cooling. This solid solution material is termed as stabilized zirconia, a valuable refractory. Stabilized zirconia is used as a grinding media and engineering ceramics due to its increased hardness and high thermal shock resistivity. Stabilized zirconia is also used in applications such as oxygen sensors and solid oxide fuel cells due to its high oxygen ion conductivity.Zirconium was first discovered by William Gregor in 1791. The name Zirconium originated from the Persian word 'zargun' meaning gold color or gold-like. See Zirconium research below. 
Boron is a Block P, Group 13, Period 2 element. The number of electrons in each of Boron's shells is 2, 3 and its electronic configuration is [He] 2s2 2p1. In its elemental form boron's CAS number is 7440-42-8. The boron atom has a radius of 79.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Boron is not toxic. Boron has an energy band gap of 1.50 to 1.56 eV, which is higher than that of either silicon or germanium. Optical characteristics include transmitting portions of the infrared. Boron is a poor conductor of electricity at room temperature but a good conductor at high temperature. Boron in its elemental form is not toxic. Amorphous 
boron is used in pyrotechnic flares to provide a distinctive green color, and in rockets as an igniter Boric acid is also an important boron compound with major markets in textile products. Boron compounds are also extensively used in the manufacture of borosilicate 
glasses. The isotope Boron-10 is used as a control for nuclear reactors, as a shield for nuclear radiation, and in instruments used for detecting neutrons. Boron nitride has remarkable properties and can be used to make a material as hard as diamond. The nitride also behaves like an electrical insulator but conducts heat like a metal. Boron also has lubricating properties similar to graphite. Boron was first discovered by Sir Humphry Davy and J.L Gay-Lussac in 1808. The name Boron originates from a combination of carbon and the Arabic word 'buraqu meaning borax. See Boron research below.
