Astatine information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
 Astatine is a Block P, Group 17, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Astatine's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 7 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5.
In its elemental form Astatine's CAS number is 7440-68-8. The Astatine atom has a radius of 145.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm.
Astatine is highly radioactive. The amount of naturally occurring astatine in the world is about 25g.
Astatine is the rarest naturally occurring non-transuranic element. Astatine was discovered by Emilio Gino Segrè, Dale R. Corson and K. R. MacKenzie in 1940.
 astate |
Astat |
 astato |
 Astato |
 Astato |
Astat |
Astatine Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of Astatine and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.
| Isotope |
Atomic Mass |
% Abundance on Earth |
| At-210 |
209.987131 |
- |
Astatine Safety Data. The safety data for Astatine metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin. Asatine compounds have no biological role.
Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for Astatine (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:
| 1st Ionization Energy |
- kJ mol-1 |
| 2nd Ionization Energy |
- kJ mol-1 |
| 3rd Ionization Energy |
- kJ mol-1 |
Conductivity. As to Astatine's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured in terms of electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 16.9 µOcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 2.1. The thermal conductivity of Astatine is 50.6 W m-1 K-1.
Thermal Properties of Astatine. The melting point and boiling point for Astatine are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.
| Heat of Fusion |
23.81 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat of Vaporization |
585.22 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat of Atomization |
678 kJ mol-1 |
Recent Research & Development for Astatine
Transcriptional response of BALB/c mouse thyroids following in vivo astatine-211 exposure reveals distinct gene expression profiles.
Rudqvist N, Parris TZ, Schüler E, Helou K, Forssell-Aronsson E.
EJNMMI Res. 2012 Jun 14;2(1):32. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22697397
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Free Article
Characterization of At- species in simple and biological media by high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled to gamma detector.
Sabatié-Gogova A, Champion J, Huclier S, Michel N, Pottier F, Galland N, Asfari Z, Chérel M, Montavon G.
Anal Chim Acta. 2012 Apr 6;721:182-8. Epub 2012 Feb 2.
PMID:
22405318
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Radiovirotherapy: principles and prospects in oncology.
Touchefeu Y, Franken P, Harrington KJ.
Curr Pharm Des. 2012;18(22):3313-20.
PMID:
22397732
[PubMed - in process]
Upgrade of the resonance ionization laser ion source at ISOLDE on-line isotope separation facility: new lasers and new ion beams.
Fedosseev VN, Berg LE, Fedorov DV, Fink D, Launila OJ, Losito R, Marsh BA, Rossel RE, Rothe S, Seliverstov MD, Sjödin AM, Wendt KD.
Rev Sci Instrum. 2012 Feb;83(2):02A903.
PMID:
22380244
[PubMed]
Applications of 211At and 223Ra in targeted alpha-particle radiotherapy.
Vaidyanathan G, Zalutsky MR.
Curr Radiopharm. 2011 Oct;4(4):283-94. Review.
PMID:
22202151
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Free PMC Article
Chemical and radiochemical considerations in radiolabeling with a-emitting radionuclides.
Wilbur DS.
Curr Radiopharm. 2011 Jul;4(3):214-47. Review.
PMID:
22201710
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
The ARRONAX project.
Haddad F, Barbet J, Chatal JF.
Curr Radiopharm. 2011 Jul;4(3):186-96. Review.
PMID:
22201708
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Astatine-211: production and availability.
Zalutsky MR, Pruszynski M.
Curr Radiopharm. 2011 Jul;4(3):177-85. Review.
PMID:
22201707
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Durable donor engraftment after radioimmunotherapy using a-emitter astatine-211-labeled anti-CD45 antibody for conditioning in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Chen Y, Kornblit B, Hamlin DK, Sale GE, Santos EB, Wilbur DS, Storer BE, Storb R, Sandmaier BM.
Blood. 2012 Feb 2;119(5):1130-8. Epub 2011 Dec 1.
PMID:
22134165
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
In vivo distribution of avidin-conjugated MX35 and (211)At-labeled, biotinylated poly-L-lysine for pretargeted intraperitoneal a-radioimmunotherapy.
Frost SH, Bäck T, Chouin N, Jensen H, Hultborn R, Jacobsson L, Lindegren S.
Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2011 Dec;26(6):727-36. Epub 2011 Nov 16.
PMID:
22087606
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Is electronegativity a useful descriptor for the pseudo-alkali metal NH4?
Whiteside A, Xantheas SS, Gutowski M.
Chemistry. 2011 Nov 18;17(47):13197-205. doi: 10.1002/chem.201101949. Epub 2011 Sep 19.
PMID:
21928287
[PubMed]
Preclinical assessment of strategies for enhancement of metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy of neuroendocrine tumors.
Mairs RJ, Boyd M.
Semin Nucl Med. 2011 Sep;41(5):334-44. Review.
PMID:
21803183
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
(211)At-antiCD33 in NMRI nu/nu mice. Biodistribution, in vivo stability and radiotoxicity.
Walte A, Sriyapureddy S, Krull D, Petrich T, Meyer GJ, Knapp WH.
Nuklearmedizin. 2011;50(5):214-20. Epub 2011 Jul 8.
PMID:
21789339
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Assessment of an effective quasirelativistic methodology designed to study astatine chemistry in aqueous solution.
Champion J, Seydou M, Sabatié-Gogova A, Renault E, Montavon G, Galland N.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Sep 7;13(33):14984-92. Epub 2011 Jul 18.
PMID:
21769335
[PubMed]
3,7-bis(dimethylamino)-phenothiazin-5-ium chloride.
Chopra A.
Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2011.
2011 Apr 05 [updated 2011 Apr 29].
PMID:
21542554
[PubMed]
Books & Documents
Reagents for astatination of biomolecules. 5. Evaluation of hydrazone linkers in (211)At- and (125)I-labeled closo-decaborate(2-) conjugates of Fab' as a means of decreasing kidney retention.
Wilbur DS, Chyan MK, Hamlin DK, Nguyen H, Vessella RL.
Bioconjug Chem. 2011 Jun 15;22(6):1089-102. Epub 2011 May 5.
PMID:
21513347
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Free PMC Article
Effect of different cell cluster models on the radiobiological output for (211)At-radioimmunotherapy.
Lin H, Jing J, Xu Y.
Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2011 Feb;26(1):85-95.
PMID:
21355780
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Effect of cetuximab in combination with alpha-radioimmunotherapy in cultured squamous cell carcinomas.
Nestor M, Sundström M, Anniko M, Tolmachev V.
Nucl Med Biol. 2011 Jan;38(1):103-12. Epub 2010 Aug 16.
PMID:
21220133
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
RBE of a-particles from (211)At for complex DNA damage and cell survival in relation to cell cycle position.
Claesson K, Magnander K, Kahu H, Lindegren S, Hultborn R, Elmroth K.
Int J Radiat Biol. 2011 Apr;87(4):372-84. Epub 2010 Dec 21.
PMID:
21171940
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Ionization potentials, electron affinities, resonance excitation energies, oscillator strengths, and ionic radii of element Uus (Z = 117) and astatine.
Chang Z, Li J, Dong C.
J Phys Chem A. 2010 Dec 30;114(51):13388-94. Epub 2010 Dec 8.
PMID:
21141866
[PubMed] |
| Formula |
Atomic Number |
Molecular Weight |
Electronegativity (Pauling) |
Density |
Melting Point |
Boiling Point |
Vanderwaals radius |
Ionic radius |
Energy of first ionization |
| At |
17 |
(210) g.mol -1 |
2.2 |
- g·cm−3 |
302 °C |
337 °C |
.200 nm |
- pm |
- kJ.mol-1 |
|
