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Astatine
Astatine information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.

 

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Astatine is a Block P, Group 17, Period 6 element. The electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5. In its elemental form Astatine's CAS number is 7440-68-8. The Astatine atom has a radius of 145.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm.

Astatine was discovered by Emilio Gino Segrè, Dale R. Corson and K. R. MacKenzie  in 1940.

 

 

Frenchastate German Astat Italian astato PortugueseAstato Spanish Astato Swedish Astat

Astatine Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of Astatine and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.

Isotope
Atomic Mass
% Abundance on Earth
At-210
209.987131
-

Astatine Safety Data. The safety data for Astatine metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin.

Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for Astatine (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:

1st Ionization Energy
- kJ mol-1
2nd Ionization Energy
- kJ mol-1
3rd Ionization Energy
- kJ mol-1

Conductivity. As to Astatine's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured in terms of electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 16.9 µOcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 2.1. The thermal conductivity of Astatine is 50.6 W m-1 K-1.

Thermal Properties of Astatine. The melting point and boiling point for Astatine are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.

Heat of Fusion
23.81 kJ mol-1
Heat of Vaporization
585.22 kJ mol-1
Heat of Atomization
678 kJ mol-1



 
Formula Atomic Number Molecular Weight Electronegativity (Pauling) Density Melting Point
Boiling Point
Vanderwaals radius
Ionic radius Energy of first ionization
Atd 17 (210)  g.mol -1 2.2 - g·cm−3 302 °C 337 °C .200 nm - pm -  kJ.mol-1

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Recent Research & Development for Astatine



  • Therapeutic Efficacy of Astatine-211-Labeled Trastuzumab on Radioresistant SKOV-3 Tumors in Nude Mice. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007 Oct 1;69(2):572-9.

  • Preparation and evaluation of 211At labelled antineoplastic antibodies. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2007;10(2):277s-285s.

  • Transport of free 211At and 125I- in thyroid epithelial cells: effects of anion channel blocker 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid on apical efflux and cellular retention. Nucl Med Biol. 2007 Jul;34(5):523-30. Epub 2007 Jun 8.

  • Reagents for astatination of biomolecules. 2. Conjugation of anionic boron cage pendant groups to a protein provides a method for direct labeling that is stable to in vivo deastatination. Bioconjug Chem. 2007 Jul-Aug;18(4):1226-40. Epub 2007 Jun 21.

  • Radiopharmaceutical chemistry of targeted radiotherapeutics, Part 3: alpha-particle-induced radiolytic effects on the chemical behavior of (211)At. J Nucl Med. 2007 Jul;48(7):1190-6. Epub 2007 Jun 15.

  • Radioimmunotherapy with astatine-211 using chimeric monoclonal antibody U36 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Laryngoscope. 2007 Jun;117(6):1013-8.

  • Biodistribution of 211At labeled HER-2 binding affibody molecules in mice. Oncol Rep. 2007 May;17(5):1141-7.

  • A kit method for the high level synthesis of [211At]MABG. Bioorg Med Chem. 2007 May 15;15(10):3430-6. Epub 2007 Mar 12.

  • Relative biological effectiveness of the alpha-particle emitter (211)At for double-strand break induction in human fibroblasts. Radiat Res. 2007 Mar;167(3):312-8.

  • Biodistribution of free 211At and 125I- in nude mice bearing tumors derived from anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell lines. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2006 Dec;21(6):591-600.

  • Transport of free 211At and 125I- in thyroid epithelial cells: effects of anion channel blocker 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid on apical efflux and cellular retention. Nucl Med Biol. 2007 Jul;34(5):523-30. Epub 2007 Jun 8.

  • Radiopharmaceutical chemistry of targeted radiotherapeutics, Part 3: alpha-particle-induced radiolytic effects on the chemical behavior of (211)At. J Nucl Med. 2007 Jul;48(7):1190-6. Epub 2007 Jun 15.

  • Radioimmunotherapy with astatine-211 using chimeric monoclonal antibody U36 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Laryngoscope. 2007 Jun;117(6):1013-8.

  • A kit method for the high level synthesis of [211At]MABG. Bioorg Med Chem. 2007 May 15;15(10):3430-6. Epub 2007 Mar 12.

  • Relative biological effectiveness of the alpha-particle emitter (211)At for double-strand break induction in human fibroblasts. Radiat Res. 2007 Mar;167(3):312-8.

  • Biodistribution of free 211At and 125I- in nude mice bearing tumors derived from anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell lines. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2006 Dec;21(6):591-600.

  • Enhancing the effect of radionuclide tumor targeting, using lysosomotropic weak bases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007 Jan 1;67(1):279-87.

  • Administered activity and metastatic cure probability during radioimmunotherapy of ovarian cancer in nude mice with (211)At-MX35 F(ab')(2). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006 Nov 15;66(4):1228-37.

  • Basis-set extensions for two-component spin-orbit treatments of heavy elements. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2006 Nov 14;8(42):4862-5. Epub 2006 Sep 22.

  • Comparison of radiohaloanalogues of meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) for a combined gene- and targeted radiotherapy approach to bladder carcinoma. Med Chem. 2005 Nov;1(6):611-8. PMID: 16787344 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

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