Manganese
About Manganese

Manganese is a hard and brittle paramagnetic metal that oxidizes easily, and is found most commonly as manganese dioxide, a black mineral that historically was known as magnes, magnesia, or magnesia negra, all names derived from the origin of the minerals in the Magnesia region of the area known in modern times as Greece.
The dark color of manganese dioxide lent it to use in pigments, an application with a history dating back to stone age cave paintings. Manganese compounds were also used by glassmakers in ancient Egypt and Rome to tint or decolorize glass, a practice that continued into modern times. Use in glassmaking made manganese dioxide easy to obtain for alchemists and early chemists who used it to produce chlorine-containing bleaching agents and other useful lab reagents. Some of these chemists recognized that the compound contained a new element, but the first to actually isolate manganese metal was Johan Gottlieb Gahn, who accomplished the task in 1774. Spartan steel weapons had an unusually high level of manganese, and though it is debated whether its introduction was purposeful or an accident of working with manganese-rich ores, it is known that this was responsible for the notable hardness of Spartan steel. In the early 19th century, this effect was rediscovered and manganese use in steelmaking became commonplace.
Manganese remains very important in the production of alloys. Manganese can be used in corrosion resistant formulations such as stainless steel, and is also added in order to improve workability and tensile strength. In aluminum alloys, manganese is added primarily to prevent corrosion. Manganese may also be used as a finishing coating on objects made of ferrous metals, deposited through a process called phosphating. Manganese salts are dissolved in a solution of phosphoric acid, and the object to be coated is submerged in the liquid. Magnesium is then deposited in a thin layer on the surface. The coating is useful for providing corrosion resistance, though in modern uses it usually does so in combination with further coating or painting of the surface.
After use in metalworking, the largest use of manganese is in batteries. Manganese dioxide was first used in the Leclanche cell battery design in 1866; versions of this battery powered early telegraphy and signaling devices. The same compound is still used in modern zinc-carbon and alkaline batteries.
Additional uses of manganese rely on some of its other notable properties. Due to the wide range of possible oxidation states for the element, manganese compounds exhibit a variety of colors. Many of these have historically found use as pigments. Additionally, any manganese compounds are strong oxidizing agents, and have historically been used in organic synthesis and industrial applications. Manganese oxide has been used in glassmaking to oxidize iron contaminants that otherwise lend a green tinge to the final product. Potassium permanganate is used similarly in water treatment to react with and remove iron and hydrogen sulfide contamination, and can also be used as an antiseptic. Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl is an organometallic compound used to increase the octane rating of gasoline and reduce engine knocking.
Manganese is a key component of several materials with rare electromagnetic properties that are potentially useful for new technologies. Manganese-based perovskite oxides exhibit colossal magnetoresistance (CMR)--a change in electrical resistance of the material by orders of magnitude when the material is introduced into a magnetic field. Magnetoresistance is currently exploited in technology such as computer hard drives, but current materials show a much smaller change in resistance than is seen with CMR. Ongoing research into CMR hopes to eventually use it to improve upon current technologies. Manganese can also be a component of magnetic semiconducting materials such as gallium manganese arsenide, that have applications in fields such as spintronics.
Manganese is an essential trace nutrient for all known forms of life because it serves as a cofactor for many essential metabolic enzymes. However, an excess of manganese, particularly in certain forms such as inhaled dusts and fumes, can be toxic.
The primary ore of manganese is pyrolusite, the mineral name of manganese dioxide. This and other manganese ores are leached with sulfuric acid to extract manganese in solution, followed by use of an electrowinning process to produce pure manganese. Alternatively, manganese ores can be mixed with other ores and carbon in a blast furnace to produce ferromanganese or silicomanganese.
Products
Compounds
- Ammonium Manganese(III) Pyrophosphate
- Barium Manganate
- Barium Permanganate
- Carulite (MnO2/CuO) Catalyst
- Cesium Permanganate
- Copper Manganese Oxide
- Iron Manganese Oxide
- Lanthanum Calcium Manganite (LCM)
- Lanthanum Strontium Manganite
- Lanthanum Strontium Manganite - Gadolinium Doped Ceria (LSM20-GDC10)
- Lanthanum Strontium Manganite Paste
- Lanthanum Strontium Manganite - Yttrium Stabilized Zirconia (LSM-YSZ)
- Lanthanum Strontium Manganite/Zirconia Paste
- Lithium Manganate
- Lithium Manganese Dioxide Particles
- Lithium Manganese Dioxide Powder
- Lithium Manganese Nickel Oxide
- Lithium Manganese Nickel Oxide Electrode Sheet
- Lithium Manganese Oxide, Spinel Electrode Sheet
- Lithium Manganite
- Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC)
- Lithium Tetrachloromanganate(II) Solution
- Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide Electrode Sheet
- Manganese Acetate
- Manganese Acetate Solution
- Manganese(III) Acetate Dihydrate
- Manganese(II) Acetate Tetrahydrate
- Manganese Aluminide
- Manganese Aluminum Carbide Mn2AlC
- Manganese Aluminum Carbide Mn3AlC2
- Manganese(II) Ammonium Sulfate
- Manganese Antimonide
- Manganese(III) Antimonide
- Manganese Borate
- Manganese Boride MnB
- Manganese Boride MnB2
- Manganese Borohydride
- Manganese Bromide
- Manganese(II) Bromide Tetrahydrate
- Manganese Carbide Mn3C
- Manganese Carbide Mn5C2
- Manganese Carbide Mn23C6
- Manganese Carbonate
- Manganese(II) Carbonate Hydrate
- Manganese Chloride
- Manganese(II) Chloride Dihydrate
- Manganese(II) Chloride Hydrate
- Manganese(II) Chloride Monohydrate
- Manganese Chloride Solution
- Manganese Chloride Tetrahydrate
- Manganese Chloride, Ultra Dry
- Manganese Chromate
- Manganese Citrate
- Manganese Cobalt Oxide
- Manganese Dihydrogen Phosphate
- Manganese Dihydrogen Phosphate Dihydrate
- Manganese Ferrite
- Manganese(II) Fluoride MnF2
- Manganese(III) Fluoride MnF3
- Manganese(II) Hydrogen Phosphite
- Manganese Hydroxide
- Manganese(II) Hypophosphite Monohydrate
- Manganese Iodide
- Manganese(II) Iodide Tetrahydrate
- Manganese Iodide, Ultra Dry
- Manganese Molybdate
- Manganese Nickel Carbonate
- Manganese Nitrate
- Manganese Nitrate Solution
- Manganese(II) Nitrate Hexahydrate
- Manganese(II) Nitrate Tetrahydrate
- Manganese(II) Nitrate Hydrate
- Manganese Nitride Mn3N2
- Manganese Nitride Mn4N
- Manganese Oxalate Dihydrate
- Manganese(II) Oxide MnO
- Manganese(IV) Oxide MnO2
- Manganese(III) Oxide Mn2O3
- Manganese(II,III) Oxide Mn3O4
- Manganese(II) Perchlorate Hexahydrate
- Manganese Perchlorate Hydrate
- Manganese(III) Phosphate Hydrate
- Manganese(II) Phosphide
- Manganese Pyrophosphate
- Manganese Selenite
- Manganese Sulfate
- Manganese(II) Sulfate Hydrate
- Manganese Sulfate Monohydrate
- Manganese Sulfate Solution
- Manganese(II) Sulfate Tetrahydrate
- Manganese Sulfide
- Manganese Sulfide Sputtering Target
- Manganese Stearate
- Manganese Tellurite
- Manganese Titanate
- Manganese Tungstate
- Potassium Hexacyanomanganate
- Potassium Manganate
- Potassium Permanganate Solution
- Silver Permanganate
- Strontium Manganate
- Zinc Manganese Telluride
- Zinc Permanganate
Metallic Forms
- Manganese Balls
- Manganese Bands
- Manganese Bars
- Manganese Blocks
- Manganese Chips
- Manganese Chunk
- Manganese Coil
- Manganese Concentrate
- Manganese Crucibles
- Manganese Cubes
- Manganese Cylinder
- Manganese Disc
- Manganese Flake
- Manganese Flanges
- Manganese Foil
- Manganese Granules
- Manganese Ingot
- Manganese Lump
- Manganese Mesh
- Manganese Metal
- Manganese Microfoil
- Manganese Microleaf
- Manganese Particles
- Manganese Parts
- Manganese Pellets
- Manganese Pieces
- Manganese Plates
- Manganese Powder
- Manganese Puck
- Manganese Ribbon
- Manganese Rings
- Manganese Rod
- Manganese Samples
- Manganese Shaving
- Manganese Sheets
- Manganese Shot
- Manganese Single Crystal
- Manganese Slugs
- Manganese Specimens
- Manganese Spheres
- Manganese Spring
- Manganese Strip
- Manganese Tape
- Manganese Tube
- Manganese Wafer
- Manganese Wire
Alloys
- 2219 Aluminum Alloy Powder
- Aluminum Copper Magnesium Manganese Alloy
- Aluminum Copper Manganese Silicon Magnesium Alloy
- Aluminum Manganese Alloy
- Aluminum Manganese Chromium Alloy
- Aluminum Manganese Copper Alloy
- Aluminum Manganese Tube
- Aluminum Silicon Magnesium Manganese Alloy
- Calcium Silicon Manganese Alloy
- Chromium Manganese Palladium Alloy
- Chromium Manganese Platinum Alloy
- Cobalt Chromium Nickel Iron Molybdenum Manganese
- Cobalt Chromium Tungsten Nickel Iron Manganese Foil
- Cobalt Chromium Tungsten Nickel Manganese
- Cobalt Nickel Chromium Iron Molybdenum Titanium
- Cobalt Silicon Boron Manganese Foil
- Copper Manganese Nickel Alloy
- Copper Manganese Nickel Alloy Particles
- Copper Manganese Nickel Alloy Powder
- Copper Manganese Nickel Foil
- Copper Manganese Nickel Rod
- Copper Manganese Nickel Wire
- Ferro Manganese
- High-Entropy Alloy 3D Printing Powder
- Iron Chromium Nickel Manganese Molybdenum
- Iron Nickel Cobalt Manganese Alloy
- Iron Manganese Alloy Particles
- Iron Manganese Alloy Powder
- Iron Manganese Chromium Molybdenum Nitrogen
- Iron Manganese Molybdenum Nickel
- Iridium Manganese Alloy
- Magnesium Manganese Alloy
- Manganese Copper Alloy
- Manganese Nickel Alloy
- Manganese Nickel Foil
- Manganese Palladium Platinum
- Manganese Platinum
- Manganese Rhodium
- Manganese Ruthenium
- Manganese Silicon Alloy
- Manganese Silicon Copper Alloy
- Nickel Copper Iron Manganese Powder
- Nickel Copper Iron Manganese Rod
- Nickel Manganese Alloy
- Nickel Manganese Gallium Foam
- Nickel Manganese Gallium Honeycomb
- Silver Copper Manganese Nickel Alloy
- Silver Copper Zinc Manganese Nickel Alloy
- Titanium Manganese Alloy
- Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Alloy
- Tungsten Manganese Alloy
Oxide Forms
Organometallics
- 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-Octaethyl-21H,23H-porphine manganese(III) chloride
- 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine manganese(III) chloride
- 5,10,15,20-Tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphine manganese(III) Chloride
- Acetylcyclopentadienylmanganese(I) tricarbonyl
- Bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amido]manganese(II)
- Bis(cyclopentadienyl)manganese
- Bis[di(tert-butyl)amido]manganese(II)
- Bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)manganese(II)
- Bis(isopropylcyclopentadienyl)manganese
- Bis(methyl-n5-cyclopentadienyl)manganese
- Bis(monomethylcyclopentadienyl)manganese
- Bis(N,N'-di-i-propylpentylamidinato)manganese(II)
- Bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)manganese(II)
- Bis(tetramethylcyclopentadienyl)manganese(II)
- Bis(tetramethylcyclopentadienyl)manganese(II)
- Bis(trifluoro-2,4-pentanedionato)manganese(II)
- Bromopentacarbonylmanganese
- Cyclopentadienylmanganese(I) tricarbonyl
- Mangafodipir Trisodium
- Manganese 2-Ethylhexanoate
- Manganese(III) 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine chloride tetrakis(methochloride)
- Manganese(III) Acetate Meso-tetraphenylporphine
- Manganese(II) Acetylacetonate
- Manganese(III) Acetylacetonate
- Manganese Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide
- Manganese(II) Bromide Tetrahydrofuran Adduct
- Manganese(0) Carbonyl
- Manganese(II) Cyclohexanebutyrate
- Manganese Disodium EDTA Hydrate
- Manganese(II) Formate Hydrate
- Manganese(II) Formate Dihydrate
- Manganese Gluconate
- Manganese Glycerophosphate
- Manganese(II) Hexafluoroacetylacetonate Hydrate
- Manganese(II) Hexafluoroacetylacetonate Trihydrate
- Manganese(II,III) Isopropoxide
- Manganese(II) Lactate Trihydrate
- Manganese(II) Methoxide
- Manganese Naphthenate
- Manganese Octoate
- Manganese(II) Phthalocyanine
- Manganese(III) Phthalocyanine Chloride
- Manganese Trifluoromethanesulfonate
- (Methylcyclopentadienyl)manganese(I) Tricarbonyl
- (R,R)-(−)-N,N′-Bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediaminomanganese(III) Chloride
- Tetraethylammonium Tetrachloromanganate
- Tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)manganese(III)
- Trovitch Mn-Precatalyst
Nanomaterials
- Lanthanum Strontium Manganite Nanopowder
- Lanthanum Strontium Manganese Oxide Nanoparticle Dispersion
- Lanthanum Strontium Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles
- Lithium Manganese Nickel Oxide Spinel, Powder
- Lithium Manganese Oxide Nanoparticle Dispersion
- Manganese Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Dispersion
- Manganese Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
- Manganese Nanoscale Foil
- Manganese Nanoparticles
- Manganese Nanoparticle Dispersion
- Manganese Nanoprisms
- Manganese Nanorods
- Manganese Oxide Nanoparticle Dispersion
- Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles
- Manganese(IV) Oxide Nanorods
- Manganese Titanium Oxide Nanoparticle Dispersion
- Manganese Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles
- Manganese Titanium Oxide Nanoparticle Dispersion
- Manganese Tungstate Nanowires
- Manganese Zinc Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Dispersion
- Manganese Zinc Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
- Mn doped ZnO Quantum Dots
- Mn/ZnSe Quantum Dots
Semiconductor & Optical
- Cadmium Manganese Telluride
- Manganese Arsenide
- Manganese Black Ferrite Spinel
- Manganese Diselenide
- Manganese Phosphide
- Manganese Selenide
- Manganese Silicide
- Manganese(II) Telluride MnTe
- Manganese(IV) Telluride MnTe2
- MnBiSe Crystal
- Mn2sub>Bi2sub>Te5sub> Crystal
- MnPS3 Crystal
- MnPSe3 Crystal
- MnSbTe Crystal
- Zinc Silicate, Manganese-doped
Sputtering Targets
- Aluminum Copper Manganese Magnesium Sputtering Target
- Aluminum Copper Manganese Magnesium Rotatable Sputtering Target
- Aluminum Copper Manganese Sputtering Target
- Aluminum Copper Manganese Rotatable Sputtering Target
- Aluminum Copper Molybdenum Rotatable Sputtering Target
- Aluminum Manganese Chromium Rotatable Sputtering Target
- Aluminum Manganese Chromium Sputtering Target
- Aluminum Manganese Rotatable Sputtering Target
- Aluminum Manganese Sputtering Target
- Aluminum Silicon Copper Manganese Magnesium Rotatable Sputtering Target
- Aluminum Silicon Copper Manganese Magnesium Sputtering Target
- Bismuth Manganate Sputtering Target
- Cadmium Manganese Telluride Sputtering Target
- Calcium Manganate Sputtering Target
- Chromium Manganese Sputtering Target
- Cobalt Manganese Sputtering Target
- Cobalt Manganese Aluminum Sputtering Target
- Cobalt Manganese Silicon Sputtering Target
- Copper Manganese Nickel Alloy Sputtering Target
- Gallium Manganese Alloy Sputtering Target
- Iridium Manganese Sputtering Target
- Iron Manganese Sputtering Target
- Iron Manganese Molybdenum Nickel Alloy Sputtering Target
- Lanthanum Calcium Manganite Sputtering Target
- Lanthanum Copper Manganate Sputtering Target
- Lanthanum Manganate Sputtering Target
- Lanthanum Praseodymium Calcium Manganate Sputtering Target
- Lanthanum Strontium Manganese Oxide Sputtering Target
- Lanthanum Strontium Manganite Sputtering Target
- Lithium Manganate Sputtering Target
- Lithium Manganese Nickel Oxide Sputtering Target
- Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide Sputtering Target
- Magnesium Oxide-Manganese Oxide Sputtering Target
- Manganese Copper Sputtering Target
- Manganese Diselenide Sputtering Target
- Manganese Fluoride Sputtering Target
- Manganese Iron Sputtering Target
- Manganese Nickel Sputtering Target
- Manganese Oxide Rotatable Sputtering Target
- Manganese Oxide Sputtering Target
- Manganese(III) Oxide Sputtering Target
- Manganese Phosphide Sputtering Target
- Manganese Rotatable Sputtering Targets
- Manganese Selenide Sputtering Target
- Manganese Silicon Alloy Sputtering Target
- Manganese Silicon Vanadium Sputtering Target
- Manganese Sulfide Sputtering Target
- Manganese Sputtering Target
- Manganese(II) Telluride Sputtering Target
- Manganese(IV) Telluride Sputtering Target
- Neodymium Strontium Manganate Sputtering Target
- Nickel Manganese Sputtering Target
- Platinum Manganese Sputtering Target
- Praseodymium Calcium Manganate Sputtering Target
- Praseodymium Cerium Manganate Sputtering Target
- Strontium Manganate Sputtering Target
- Terbium Manganate Sputtering Target
- Yttrium Manganate Sputtering Target
- Zinc Manganese Oxide Sputtering Target
Manganese is a key metal alloy component, particularly in stainless steels. It is used to both colorize and decolorize glass. Potassium permanganate is a powerful oxidizing
agent that is used in medicine and manganese oxide is used in dry cell batteries. Manganese is also added as a nutritional supplement for both human and animal consumption. Manganese is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity). Elemental or metallic forms include pellets, rod, wire and granules for evaporation source material purposes. Manganese nanoparticles and nanopowders are also available. Manganese oxides are available in powder and dense pellet form for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Manganese fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Manganese is also available in soluble forms including manganese chloride, manganese nitrate, and manganese acetate. These compounds can be manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries.
Manganese Properties
Manganese is a Block D, Group 7, Period 4 element.
The number of electrons in each of Manganese's shells is 2, 8, 13, 2 and its electron configuration is [Ar] 3d5 4s2. The manganese atom has a radius of 136.7.pm and its Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. In its elemental form, CAS 7439-96-5, manganese has a silvery metallic appearance.
Manganese is found as a free element in nature and also in the minerals pyrolusite MnO2, braunite (Mn2+Mn3+6)(SiO12), psilomelane (Ba,H2O)2Mn5O10 and rhodochrosite MnCO3. Manganese was first discovered by Torbern Olof Bergman in 1770 and first isolated by Johann Gottlieb Gahn in 1774. The name Manganese originates from the Latin word mangnes meaning magnet.
General Properties
Symbol: | Mn |
---|---|
Atomic Number: | 25 |
Atomic Weight: | 54.93805 |
Element Category: | transition metal |
Group, Period, Block: | 7, 4, d |
Color: | silvery metallic |
Other Names: | Manganum, Manganesio, Manganês |
Physical Properties
Melting Point: | 1246 °C, 2275 °F, 1519 K |
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Boiling Point: | 2061 °C, 3742 °F, 2334 K |
Density: | 7.21 g/cm3 |
Liquid Density @ Melting Point: | 5.95 g/cm3 |
Density @ 20°C: | 7.43 g/cm3 |
Density of Solid: | 7470kg·m3 |
Specific Heat: | 0.48 kJ/kg/K |
Superconductivity Temperature: | N/A |
Triple Point: | N/A |
Critical Point: | N/A |
Heat of Fusion (kJ·mol-1): | 14.4 |
Heat of Vaporization (kJ·mol-1): | 220.5 |
Heat of Atomization (kJ·mol-1): | 279.37 |
Thermal Conductivity: | 7.81 W·m-1·K-1 |
Thermal Expansion: | (25 °C) 21.7 µm·m-1·K-1 |
Electrical Resistivity: | (20°C) 1.44 nΩ·m |
Tensile Strength: | N/A |
Molar Heat Capacity: | 26.32 J·mol-1·K-1 |
Young's Modulus: | 198 GPa |
Shear Modulus: | N/A |
Bulk Modulus: | 120 GPa |
Poisson Ratio: | N/A |
Mohs Hardness: | 6 |
Vickers Hardness: | N/A |
Brinell Hardness: | 196 MPa |
Speed of Sound: | (20 °C) 5150 m·s-1 |
Pauling Electronegativity: | 1.55 |
Sanderson Electronegativity: | 2.2 |
Allred Rochow Electronegativity: | 1.6 |
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity: | N/A |
Allen Electronegativity: | N/A |
Pauling Electropositivity: | 2.45 |
Reflectivity (%): | N/A |
Refractive Index: | N/A |
Chemical Properties
Electrons: | 25 |
---|---|
Protons: | 25 |
Neutrons: | 30 |
Electron Configuration: | [Ar] 3d5 4s2 |
Atomic Radius: | 127 pm |
Atomic Radius, non-bonded (Å): | 2.05 |
Covalent Radius: | 139±5 (low spin), 161±8 (high spin) pm |
Covalent Radius (Å): | 1.29 |
Van der Waals Radius: | 200 pm |
Oxidation States: | 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, -1, -2, -3 |
Phase: | Solid |
Crystal Structure: | body-centered cubic |
Magnetic Ordering: | paramagnetic |
Electron Affinity (kJ·mol-1) | Not stable |
1st Ionization Energy: | 717.28 kJ·mol-1 |
2nd Ionization Energy: | 1509.04 kJ·mol-1 |
3rd Ionization Energy: | 3248.49 kJ·mol-1 |
Identifiers
CAS Number: | 7439-96-5 |
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EC Number: | 231-105-1 |
MDL Number: | MFCD00011111 |
Beilstein Number: | N/A |
SMILES Identifier: | [Mn] |
InChI Identifier: | InChI=1S/Mn |
InChI Key: | PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
PubChem CID: | 23930 |
ChemSpider ID: | 22372 |
Abundance
Earth - Total: | 750 ppm |
---|---|
Mercury - Total: | 150 ppm |
Venus - Total: | 460 ppm |
Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by weight: | 2 |
Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by atoms: | 0.23 |
Earth - Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by weight: | 1100000 |
Earth - Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by atoms: | 420000 |
Sun - Total, ppb by weight: | 10000 |
Sun - Total, ppb by atoms: | 200 |
Stream, ppb by weight: | 5 |
Stream, ppb by atoms: | 0.09 |
Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by weight: | 2800000 |
Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by atoms: | 920000 |
Typical Human Body, ppb by weight: | 200 |
Typical Human Body, ppb by atom: | 23 |
Universe, ppb by weight: | 8000 |
Universe, ppb by atom: | 200 |
History
Discovered By: | Torbern Olof Bergman |
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Discovery Date: | 1770 |
First Isolation: | Johann Gottlieb Gahn (1774) |
Health, Safety & Transportation Information for Manganese
Manganese in excess is toxic, particularly the inhalation of manganese in powder or dust form. Safety data for Manganese and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the Products tab. The below information applies to elemental (metallic) Manganese.
Safety Data | |
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Signal Word | Danger |
Hazard Statements | H260 |
Hazard Codes | F |
Risk Codes | 11-15 |
Safety Precautions | 43 |
RTECS Number | OO9275000 |
Transport Information | UN 3208 4.3/PG 1 |
WGK Germany | nwg |
Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling (GHS) | ![]() |
Review and Print SDS for Manganese Metal
SAFETY DATA SHEET
SECTION 1. IDENTIFICATION
Product Name: Manganese Metal
Product Number: All applicable American Elements product codes, e.g. MN-M-02, MN-M-03, MN-M-04, MN-M-05
CAS #: 7439-96-5
Relevant identified uses of the substance: Scientific research and development
Supplier details:
American Elements
1093 Broxton Ave. Suite 2000
Los Angeles, CA 90024
Tel: +1 310-208-0551
Fax: +1 310-208-0351
Emergency telephone number:
Domestic, North America +1 800-424-9300
International +1 703-527-3887
SECTION 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
Classification of the substance or mixture
The substance is not classified according to the Globally Harmonized System (GHS).
Classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC or Directive 1999/45/EC Not applicable
Information concerning particular hazards for human and environment: Not applicable
Label elements
Labelling according to EU guidelines:
Observe the general safety regulations when handling chemicals
Classification system
HMIS ratings (scale 0-4)
(Hazardous Materials Identification System)
Health (acute effects) = 0
Flammability = 0
Reactivity = 0
Other hazards
Results of PBT and vPvB assessment
PBT: Not applicable.
vPvB: Not applicable.
SECTION 3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
Chemical characterization: Substances
CAS# Description:
7439-96-5 Manganese
Identification number(s):
EC number: 231-105-1
SECTION 4. FIRST AID MEASURES
Description of first aid measures
General information No special measures required.
After inhalation Seek medical treatment in case of complaints.
After skin contact Generally the product does not irritate the skin.
After eye contact
Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water. If symptoms persist, consult a doctor.
After swallowing If symptoms persist consult doctor.
Information for doctor
Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed
No further relevant information available.
Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
No further relevant information available.
SECTION 5. FIREFIGHTING MEASURES
Extinguishing media
Suitable extinguishing agents Special powder for metal fires. Do not use water.
For safety reasons unsuitable extinguishing agents Water
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
In case of fire, the following can be released:
Metal oxide fume
Advice for firefighters
Protective equipment: No special measures required.
SECTION 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures Not required.
Environmental precautions:
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
Methods and material for containment and cleaning up: Pick up mechanically.
Reference to other sections
See Section 7 for information on safe handling
See Section 8 for information on personal protection equipment.
See Section 13 for disposal information.
SECTION 7. HANDLING AND STORAGE
Handling
Precautions for safe handling
Keep container tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry place in tightly closed containers.
Information about protection against explosions and fires: No special measures required.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
Storage
Requirements to be met by storerooms and receptacles: No special requirements.
Information about storage in one common storage facility: No information known.
Further information about storage conditions:
Keep container tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry conditions in well sealed containers.
Specific end use(s) No further relevant information available.
SECTION 8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION
Control parameters
Components with limit values that require monitoring at the workplace:
7439-96-5 Manganese (100.0%)
PEL () Short-term value: C 5* ** mg/m³
as Mn *and inorganic compounds **fume
REL () Short-term value: 3* ** mg/m³
Long-term value: 1* ** mg/m³
as Mn *and inorganic compounds **fume
TLV () (0.2) NIC-0.02* NIC-0.2* mg/m³
as Mn;+ inorg. comp.;*resp.,**inh. fraction:NIC-A4
Additional information: No data
Exposure controls
Personal protective equipment
General protective and hygienic measures
The usual precautionary measures for handling chemicals should be followed.
Breathing equipment: Not required.
Protection of hands: Not required.
Eye protection: Safety glasses
Body protection: Protective work clothing.
SECTION 9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Information on basic physical and chemical properties
General Information
Appearance:
Form: Solid in various forms
Color: Grey
Odor: Not determined
Odour threshold: Not determined.
pH-value: Not applicable.
Change in condition
Melting point/Melting range: 1246°C (2275 °F)
Boiling point/Boiling range: 2095°C (3803 °F)
Sublimation temperature / start: Not determined
Flammability (solid, gaseous) Not determined.
Ignition temperature: Not determined
Decomposition temperature: Not determined
Auto igniting: Not determined.
Explosion limits:
Lower: Not determined
Upper: Not determined
Vapor pressure at 20°C (68 °F): 0 hPa
Density at 20°C (68 °F): 7.3 g/cm³ (60.919 lbs/gal)
Relative density Not determined.
Vapour density Not applicable.
Evaporation rate Not applicable.
Segregation coefficient (n-octonol/water): Not determined.
Viscosity:
dynamic: Not applicable.
kinematic: Not applicable.
Other information No further relevant information available.
SECTION 10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Reactivity
Chemical stability
Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided:
Decomposition will not occur if used and stored according to specifications.
Possibility of hazardous reactions No dangerous reactions known
Incompatible materials: No information known.
Hazardous decomposition products: Metal oxide fume
SECTION 11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Information on toxicological effects
Acute toxicity:
Primary irritant effect:
on the skin: Powder: irritant effect
on the eye: Powder: irritant effect
Sensitization: No sensitizing effects known.
Additional toxicological information:
To the best of our knowledge the acute and chronic toxicity of this substance is not fully known.
EPA-D: Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity: inadequate human and animal evidence of carcinogenicity or no data are available.
The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains acute and/or other multiple dose toxicity data for components in this product.
The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains reproductive and/or mutation data for components in this product.
The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains tumorigenic and/or carcinogenic and/or neoplastic data for components in this product.
SECTION 12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Toxicity
Acquatic toxicity: No further relevant information available.
Persistence and degradability No further relevant information available.
Behavior in environmental systems:
Bioaccumulative potential No further relevant information available.
Mobility in soil No further relevant information available.
Additional ecological information:
General notes:
Do not allow undiluted product or large quantities of it to reach ground water, water course or sewage system.
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.Results of PBT and vPvB assessment
PBT: Not applicable.
vPvB: Not applicable.
Other adverse effects No further relevant information available.
SECTION 13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Waste treatment methods
Recommendation Consult state, local or national regulations to ensure proper disposal.
Uncleaned packagings:
Recommendation: Disposal must be made according to official regulations.
SECTION 14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION
UN-Number
DOT, ADR, ADN, IMDG, IATA Not applicable
UN proper shipping name
DOT, ADR, ADN, IMDG, IATA Not applicable
Transport hazard class(es)
DOT, ADR, ADN, IMDG, IATA
Class Not applicable
Packing group
DOT, ADR, IMDG, IATA Not applicable
Environmental hazards:
Marine pollutant: No
Special precautions for user Not applicable.
Transport in bulk according to Annex II of
MARPOL73/78 and the IBC Code Not applicable.
SECTION 15. REGULATORY INFORMATION
Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or
mixture
Product related hazard informations:
Observe the general safety regulations when handling chemicals
National regulations
All components of this product are listed in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical substance Inventory.
All components of this product are listed on the Canadian Domestic Substances List (DSL).
Information about limitation of use:
For use only by technically qualified individuals.
This product is subject to the reporting requirements of section 313 of the Emergency
Planning and Community Right to Know Act of 1986 and 40CFR372.
Chemical safety assessment: A Chemical Safety Assessment has not been carried out.
16. OTHER INFORMATION
Safety Data Sheet according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH). The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive and shall be used only as a guide. The information in this document is based on the present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent any guarantee of the properties of the product. American Elements shall not be held liable for any damage resulting from handling or from contact with the above product. See reverse side of invoice or packing slip for additional terms and conditions of sale. COPYRIGHT 1997-2016 AMERICAN ELEMENTS. LICENSED GRANTED TO MAKE UNLIMITED PAPER COPIES FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY.
Manganese Isotopes
Naturally occurring Manganese has 1 stable isotope: 55Mn.
Nuclide | Isotopic Mass | Half-Life | Mode of Decay | Nuclear Spin | Magnetic Moment | Binding Energy (MeV) | Natural Abundance (% by atom) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
44Mn | 44.00687(54)# | <105 ns | p to 43Cr | (2-)# | N/A | 321.82 | - |
45Mn | 44.99451(32)# | <70 ns | p to 44Cr | (7/2-)# | N/A | 341.08 | - |
46Mn | 45.98672(12)# | 37(3) ms | ß+ to 46Cr; ß+ + p to 45V; ß+ + a to 42Ti; ß+ + 2p to 44Ti | (4+) | N/A | 356.61 | - |
47Mn | 46.97610(17)# | 100(50) ms | ß+ to 47Cr; ß+ + p to 46V | 5/2-# | N/A | 374.01 | - |
48Mn | 47.96852(12) | 158.1(22) ms | ß+ to 48Cr; ß+ + p to 47V; ß+ + a to 44Ti | 4+ | N/A | 389.54 | - |
49Mn | 48.959618(26) | 382(7) ms | p to 49Cr | 5/2- | N/A | 406 | - |
50Mn | 49.9542382(11) | 283.29(8) ms | p to 50Cr | 0+ | N/A | 418.74 | - |
51Mn | 50.9482108(11) | 46.2(1) min | EC to 51Cr | 5/2- | N/A | 432.41 | - |
52Mn | 51.9455655(21) | 5.591(3) d | EC to 52Cr | 6+ | 3.063 | 443.28 | - |
53Mn | 52.9412901(9) | 3.74(4)E+6 y | EC to 53Cr | 7/2- | 5.024 | 455.09 | - |
54Mn | 53.9403589(14) | 312.03(3) d | EC to 54Cr; ß- to 54Fe | 3+ | 3.282 | 464.1 | - |
55Mn | 54.9380451(7) | STABLE | - | 5/2- | 3.4532 | 474.04 | 100 |
56Mn | 55.9389049(7) | 2.5789(1) h | ß- to 56Fe | 3+ | 3.2266 | 482.12 | - |
57Mn | 56.9382854(20) | 85.4(18) s | ß- to 57Fe | 5/2- | N/A | 490.2 | - |
58Mn | 57.93998(3) | 3.0(1) s | ß- to 58Fe | 1+ | N/A | 497.34 | - |
59Mn | 58.94044(3) | 4.59(5) s | ß- to 59Fe | (5/2)- | N/A | 504.49 | - |
60Mn | 59.94291(9) | 51(6) s | ß- to 60Fe | 0+ | N/A | 510.71 | - |
61Mn | 60.94465(24) | 0.67(4) s | ß- to 61Fe | (5/2)- | N/A | 516.92 | - |
62Mn | 61.94843(24) | 671(5) ms | ß- to 62Fe; ß- + n to 61Fe | (3+) | N/A | 521.27 | - |
63Mn | 62.95024(28) | 275(4) ms | ß- to 63Fe | 5/2-# | N/A | 527.49 | - |
64Mn | 63.95425(29) | 88.8(25) ms | ß- to 64Fe; ß- + n to 63Fe | (1+) | N/A | 531.84 | - |
65Mn | 64.95634(58) | 92(1) ms | ß- to 65Fe; ß- + n to 64Fe | 5/2-# | N/A | 538.06 | - |
66Mn | 65.96108(43)# | 64.4(18) ms | ß- to 66Fe; ß- + n to 65Fe | N/A | N/A | 541.48 | - |
67Mn | 66.96414(54)# | 45(3) ms | ß- to 67Fe | 5/2-# | N/A | 546.76 | - |
68Mn | 67.96930(64)# | 28(4) ms | Unknown | N/A | N/A | 550.18 | - |
69Mn | 68.97284(86)# | 14(4) ms | Unknown | 5/2-# | N/A | 555.46 | - |